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WorksheetsICT общий
Total questions: 160
Worksheet time: 1hrs 20mins
A wide range of products, software and services that are used for production, storage, processing, distribution, and exchange of information
Information and communication technologies
Internet protocol
Emerging technology
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
Mainframe Computer
Information creation uses
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
Calculators, smartphones
CD, DVD, Pen drive, microchip, cloud
TV, projector, smartphones
Internet, Teleconference, Video conferencing, mobile technology, Radio
Information storage uses
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
Calculators, smartphones
CD, DVD, Pen drive, microchip, cloud
TV, projector, smartphones
Internet, Teleconference, Video conferencing, mobile technology, Radio
Information display uses
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
Calculators, smartphones
CD, DVD, Pen drive, microchip, cloud
TV, projector, smartphones
E-mail, cellphones
Information exchange uses
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
Calculators, smartphones
CD, DVD, Pen drive, microchip, cloud
TV, projector, smartphones
E-mail, cellphones
Information processing uses
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
Calculators, smartphones
CD, DVD, Pen drive, microchip, cloud
TV, projector, smartphones
Internet, Teleconference, Video conferencing, mobile technology, Radio’
Different tools of ICT are able to work together, and they make up our …
Network world
Internet world
Emerging world
Digital world
Scanners world
Information transmission uses
Internet, Teleconference, Video conferencing, mobile technology, Radio
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
TV, projector, smartphones
Digital Cameras, Scanners, smartphones
CD, DVD, Pen drive, microchip, cloud
Find ICT field for this example:
The music and entertainment, publishing and communication industries have been changed because of the breakthroughs using ICT.
ICT in society
ICT in Political
ICT in air
ICT in can
ICT in man
Find ICT field for this example:
Through e-commerce one can also offer services pertaining to processing transactions, documentation, presentations, inventory management and gathering product information.
ICT in business
ICT in society
ICT in air
ICT in political
ICT in can
Find ICT field for this example:
Internet is a hub of movies, games, books, and social networking.
ICT in entertainment
ICT in business
ICT in society
ICT in political
ICT in air
Find ICT field for this example:
Internet used to provide public services to citizens and other persons in a country or region.
ICT in government\ e-goverment
ICT in society
ICT in entertainment
ICT in business
ICT in air
Select type of Application:
Allows users to make an audio phone calls to each other from any location within the network coverage area.
phone calls
contact
phone
no answer is correct
correct
Select type of Application:
Mobile phones include address books which include contact names, numbers, email addresses etc.
Address Lists
Lists
Phone calls
Calls
Physicial security
Select type of Security:
Addresses the issues necessary to protect the physical items, objects or areas of an organization from unauthorized access and misuse.
Physicial security
No answer is correct
Security
Address Lists
Phone calls
Select type of Application:
As a result of the processing, the computer can send a signal to the output devices called actuators which could change physical conditions.
Measurment applications
Physicial security
Address Lists
Phone calls
ICT in government\ e-goverment
Select type of Application:
A signal will be sent to the microprocessor to change the physical conditions. Process is constantly will be repeated.
They include reducing the need for certain jobs while creating new opportunities in specialized fields.
interface Application or API ( application program interface)
Industry and businesses rely on electronics technology for creating, manufacturing, and maintaining industrial machinery and processes
No answer is correct
Select type of Application:
A computer model is a model which would replicate (simulate) the functions of a real system
Modelling Applications
Applications for the internet
Supercomputers
Applications for mobile
Applications for phone
Highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of …
Supercomputers
Computers
Phone
Apple
Personal Computer
Miniaturized and optimized for mobile use
laptops
phones
ipats
no answer is correct
mobile phones
Intended to be used in a single location and are widely popular for daily use in workplace and home
Laptop
PC
Desktop
Mainframe
PDA
Handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop
Personal Digital Assistants
Super computer
Mainframe Computer
Personal computer
Computer
Type of software that can perform many different related tasks
Mobile application
Specialist application
Software application
A general-purpose application package
Application
Software that performs a single very specific type of task
Software application
Specialst application
A general-purpose application package
Mobile application
Application
Protection of the details of a particular operation or series of activities
Physicial security
Information security
Cybersecurity
Operations security
Security principles
Software which is specially developed for the purpose
Software application
Application
A general-purpose application
Specialist applications
Application Development work bench ( ADW)
A point where the computer displays the requested information
Human
Computer
Interface
Interaction
Computers
Dialogue between humans and computers
Human
Computer
Interface
Interaction
Computers
An early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process
Prototype
Wireframe
Animations
Mock-up
Simulations
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS
include input devices such as keyboards, mice, touch panels, joy sticks, speech recognizers, eye trackers, and data gloves; and output devices such as visual displays and sound or speech synthesizers.
a gigantic structure of the combined telephone networks, standardized computer hardware, Internet, radio and television, while using these components can be easily accessed in anywhere in the world.
A computer is an electronic machine that performs input, processing, storing, and output operations according to programmed instructions to carry out specific tasks.
Other uses of supercomputers scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting).
Software is a set of programs for controlling the operation of a computer or data processing. In other words, software is the instructions that tell the computer hardware what to do. Software is useless unless there is hardware to run it on.
Conceptual component of interface
The human-computer interface is a communications channel between the user and the computer. The interface includes both physical and conceptual components.
Conceptual components include selection methods such as command languages, menus, or direct manipulation; and representation schemes such as screen layout and graphic/text mixes.
The pragmatic component of user experience, including effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, ease-of-use, learnability, retainability, and the pragmatic aspects of user satisfaction.
Natural-language user interface (LUI or NLUI) is a type of computer human interface where linguistic phenomena such as verbs, phrases and clauses act as UI controls for creating, selecting and modifying data in software applications.
GUI is a program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use.
An information security method of its cryptographic transformation
Interaction
Management of access
Masking
Coercion
Motivation
User interface which the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command
Interface commands
A ClI (command line interface) application
Interaction commands
Commands
Applications
Interface which is an easier way of navigating the devices and programs we interact with daily
Intuitive
Reliable
Clean
Simple
A menu-driven
Interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities
Natural Language Interface
Menu Driven Interface
GUI
Command Line Interface (CLI)
GUA
Interface where linguistic phenomena such as verbs, phrases and clauses act as UI controls
GUA
Menu Driven Interface
Natural-language user interface (LUI or NLUI)
Command Line Interface (CLI)
GUI
Select format of Video file
avi, wmv, 3gp, mp4, mpeg2
jpg, bmp, gif, tiff, png.
txt, doc, rtf, docx
mp3, wma
avi,wmv,doc,wma
Select format of Program run file
mp3, wma
txt, doc, rtf, docx
exe, cmd, bat
avi,wmv,doc,wma
jpg, bmp, gif, tiff, png.
Select format of archive file
exe,cmd,bat
txt, doc, rtf, docx
mp3, wma
jpg, bmp, gif, tiff, png.
rar, zip, tgz
Graph which is shows numbers that are independent of each other
Cartesian graphs
Line graphs
Bar graph
Document production
Numbers
Graph which is shows how a whole is divided into different parts
Cartesian graphs
Pie charts
Line graphs
Bar graphs
Numbers
Graph which is shows how numbers have changed over time
Line graphs
Cartesian graphs
Bar graphs
Numbers
Pie charts
Graph which is shows how changes in one thing affect another
Pie charts
Chartesian graphs
Bar graphs
Numbers
Line graphs
Organized collection of structured data
Data
Database
DBMS
SQL
Flat file
A database is usually controlled by
SQL
data
database
database management system (DBMS)
flat file
Data can be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized using
data
database management system (DBMS)
structured query language (SQL)
database
database
Data can be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized using
data
database management system (DBMS)
structured query language (SQL)
database
database
If data is organized in rows and columns with data values being repeated then it is … database.
DBMS
Relational
Flat file
Relationship
Linked
Links that have been made between two tables
Flat file
Linked
Relationships
Relational
DBMS
A field or group of fields in a table that uniquely identify every row in that table.
foreign key
primary key
key
table
reality key
A field (or collection of fields) in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table
foreign key
primary key
key
table
reality key
Made up of rows and columns
record
table
field
flat file
key
A complete set of information about one thing or individual
table
record
key
flat file
field
80 A single item of data in a database
datatypes
tables
columns
rows
field
81.Table which is organized by columns & rows
is referred to as a cell Cells may contain Labels, Values or Formulas that result in a value or label
a table is a structure of vertical columns and horizontal rows
difference between columns and rows is that a column arranges data vertically from top to bottom
You can store the data for your tables with column or row organization
a table is a structured set of data made up of rows and columns
82.The intersection of a row and a column
phone
cell
computer
audio
video
83.Used in Situations in which the cell reference must remain the same when copied or when using AutoFill
Absolute Cell References
Relative cell references
Sheet name
Formulas
Values
84.Used to adjust and change when copied or when using AutoFill
Relative cell references
Absolute Cell References
Sheet name
Formulas
Values
85.Test data at the upper or lower limits of expectations that should be accepted by the data model
Boundary data
Abnormal data
Accurate data
Account data
Address data
86.Test data that falls outside of what is acceptable and should be rejected by the data model
Abnormal data
Boundary data
Account data
Accurate data
Address data
87.Function which checks for the given condition and provides results as per condition satisfaction
IF
AND
OR
XOR
NOT
88.This function used in excel when we want to check whether two conditions are satisfied or not
AND
IF
OR
XOR
NOT
89.This function gives results if anyone logic or condition satisfies
OR
XOR
IF
AND
NOT
90.This function returns True value if only one condition satisfies out of two
IF
AND
OR
XOR
NOT
91.A security method by means of regulation using the information system resources
anagement of access
The Internet
Web-site
Online music
Security cameras
92.Form of mass communication
Print Media,Broadcast Media,Outdoor & Transit VMedia,Digital Media/New Media
infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service
cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering and managing software applications
interface Application or API ( application program interface)
application Development work bench ( ADW)
93.Multimedia is a combination of (select wrong one):
text
graphic
sound
animation
tv
94.A broad term for something that contains words to express something
Graphic
Sound
Animation
Video
Text
95.Two-dimensional figure or illustration
Flat file
txt
wav
Wma
File
96.Produced by vibration, as perceived by the sense of hearing
audio
text
graphic
animation
video
97.The illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements
C,P,R
C,N
R,P
C,R
C,D,R
98.Technology of capturing, recording, processing, transmitting, and reconstructing moving pictures
text
graphic
video
audio
animation
99-100.A Multimedia Project is identified as Linear when
it is not interactive/ user have no control over the content that is being showed to them
is referred to as a cell Cells may contain Labels, Values or Formulas that result in a value or label
a signal will be sent to the microprocessor to change the physical conditions. Process is constantly will be repeated
cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering and managing software applications
a set of the legal acts regulating the use of IS, handling and transfer of information
101 Authoring Tools of Multimedia (select wrong one жатпайтын)
text
audio, animation
video
graphic
phone
102 Сombines multiple computers within the building
WAN
LAN
CAN
MAN
GAN
103 Brings together a group of closely located buildings
WAN
LAN
CAN
MAN
GAN
104 Provides information exchange within the city (district, region)
WAN
LAN
CAN
MAN
GAN
105 Combines administrative units within the state or several neighboring states
WAN
LAN
CAN
MAN
GAN
106 Brings together the continents.
WAN
LAN
CAN
MAN
GAN
27.
The basic layer of software
BIOS or Basic input
Interface Application or API
Library runtime
Script (Scripts) or macros (macros)
GUI (graphical user interface - GUI)
Supporting programs that the operating system uses to communicate with peripheral devices
Basic input / output system
Specialist application
Library runtime
Interface Application
Device Drivers
29.Manages memory, decides which task to perform the following processes the different types of possible interruptions
Device Drivers
The kernel of the operating system
Interface Application or API
BIOS or Basic input / output system
Library runtime
30. Level where the user programs (applications) are associated with the operating system
Interface Application or API ( application program interface)
Device Drivers
BIOS or Basic input / output system
Library runtime
The kernel of the operating system
31. Allow users to automate a sequence of frequently used functions
Scripts and macros
GUI (graphical user interface - GUI)
Interface Application or API
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Internet protocol (IP) address
Software that stores data in cells formed by the intersection of rows and columns
Spreadsheets
Text editors
Word processing
Presentation graphics
Vector graphic
33. Software that used to create and edit text without using any design, simple application
Text editors
Presentation graphics packages
Word processing
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
34. Software that allows the composition, editing, re-formatting, storing and printing of documents
Presentation graphics packages
Word processing
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
Text editors
35.
Software that used to create slide shows like this one which can be viewed on-screen or with a data or overhead projector
Word processing
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
Presentation graphics packages
Text editors
36. Software that provides facilities for the organisation and management of a body of information required for a particular application
Vector graphic
Word processing
Database management system
Spreadsheets
Text editors
37. Software that used to produce professional quality publications such as posters, books, newsletters, newspapers and magazines
Laptop
Desktop publishing (DTP) packages
Supercomputer
Mainframe computers
Personal computers
38.
Applications for gathering, managing, and analyzing data
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Universal and specialized
Expert Systems (ES)
Workflow Management Software systems
Financial and analytical systems
39. Applications for the analysis of data stored in knowledge bases
Expert systems (ES)
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Universal and specialized
Workflow Management Software systems
Financial and analytical systems
40. A method of physical blockage of a malefactor's way to the information
On obstacle
Management of access
Masking
Coercion
Motivation
41 Applications that used by clerks to maintain the full cycle of a business process in an institution
A)Workflow management software
B) Accounting systems
C) Payment systems
D) Financial and analytical systems
E) Integrated development environment (IDE)
42 Select copyright sign
A)C
B)D
C)F
D)W
E)S
43 Computer device connected to the computer with different connection types
A)Peripheral device
B) Accounting systems
C) Payment systems
D) Financial and analytical systems
E) Integrated development environment
44 Intelligence which is demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals
A)Artificial intelligence (AI)
B) Augmented reality (AR)
C) Robotics
D) Digital marketing
E) Digital Banking Benefits
45 Interactive experience of a real-world environment
A)Augmented reality (AR)
B) Digital marketing
C) Digital Banking Benefits
D) Robotics
E) Artificial intelligence (AI)
46 Body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics
A) Artificial intelligence
B) Biometrics
C) Augmented reality
D) Robotics
E) Digital marketing
47 Interdisciplinary research area at the interface of computer science and engineering
A)Robotics
B) Digital marketing
C) Augmented reality
D) Artificial intelligence
E) Biometrics
48 Science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks
A)Quantum cryptography
B) Holography
C) Computer-aided translation
D) Virtual reality (VR)
E) Emerging technologies
49 Simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world
A) Artificial intelligence
B) Biometrics
C) Augmented reality
D) Robotics
E) Virtual reality
50 New science that includes study, planning and development of interaction between people (users) and computers
A) Human-Computer Interaction
B) Ergonomics
C) Computer-aided translation
D) Information and communication technologies
E) Emerging technologies
51 A point where two objects meet
A)interface
B) Human
C)Computer
D)Interaction
E)computers
52 A point where human can tell the computer what to do
A) Human
B) Computer
C) Interface
D) Interaction
E) Computers
27 The basic layer of software
BIOS or Basic input
Interface Application or API
Library runtime
Script (Scripts) or macros (macros)
GUI (graphical user interface - GUI)
28 Supporting programs that the operating system uses to communicate with peripheral devices
Basic input / output system
Device Drivers
Interface Application
Library runtime
Specialist application
29 Manages memory, decides which task to perform the following processes the different types of possible interruptions
the kernel of the operating system
Device Drivers
BIOS or Basic input / output system
Library runtime
Interface Application or API
30 Level where the user programs (applications) are associated with the operating system
interface Application or API ( application program interface)
Device Drivers
BIOS or Basic input / output system
Library runtime
The kernel of the operating system
31 Allow users to automate a sequence of frequently used functions
scripts and macros
GUI (graphical user interface - GUI)
Interface Application or API
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Internet protocol (IP) address
32 Software that stores data in cells formed by the intersection of rows and columns
Spreadsheets
Text editors
Presentation graphics packages
Word processing
Vector graphic
33 Software that used to create and edit text without using any design, simple application
Text editors
Word processing
Presentation graphics packages
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
34 Software that allows the composition, editing, re-formatting, storing and printing of documents
Word processing
Presentation graphics packages
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
Text editors
35 Software that used to create slide shows like this one which can be viewed on-screen or with a data or overhead projector
Presentation graphics packages
Word processing
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
Text editors
36 Software that provides facilities for the organisation and management of a body of information required for a particular application
Database management system
Word processing
Vector graphic
Spreadsheets
Text editors
37 Software that used to produce professional quality publications such as posters, books, newsletters, newspapers and magazines
Desktop publishing (DTP) packages
Laptop
Supercomputer
Personal computers
Mainframe computers
38 Applications for gathering, managing, and analyzing data.
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Universal and specialized
Expert Systems (ES)
Workflow Management Software systems
Financial and analytical systems
39 Applications for the analysis of data stored in knowledge bases
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Universal and specialized
Expert Systems (ES)
Workflow Management Software systems
Financial and analytical systems
40 A method of physical blockage of a malefactor's way to the information
On obstacle
Management of access
Masking
Motivation
Coercion
41 Applications that used by clerks to maintain the full cycle of a business process in an institution
Workflow management software
Accounting systems
Payment systems
Financial and analytical systems
Integrated development environment (IDE)
42 Select copyright sign
C
D
E
W
S
43 Computer device connected to the computer with different connection types
Peripheral device
Accounting systems
Payment systems
Financial and analytical systems
Integrated development environment
44 Intelligence which is demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Augmented reality (AR)
Robotics
Digital marketing
Digital Banking Benefits
45 Interactive experience of a real-world environment
Augmented reality (AR)
Digital marketing
Digital Banking Benefits
Robotics
Artificial intelligence (AI)
46 Body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics
A) Artificial intelligence
Biometrics
Augmented reality
Robotics
Digital marketing
47 Interdisciplinary research area at the interface of computer science and engineering
Robotics
Digital marketing
Augmented reality
Artificial intelligence
Biometrics
48 Science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks
Quantum cryptography
Holography
Computer-aided translation
Virtual reality (VR)
Emerging technologies
49 Simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world
Artificial intelligence
Biometrics
Augmented reality
Robotics
Virtual reality
50 New science that includes study, planning and development of interaction between people (users) and computers
Human-Computer Interaction
Ergonomics
Computer-aided translation
Information and communication technologies
Emerging technologies
51 A point where two objects meet
Interface
Human
Computer
Interaction
Computers
52 A point where human can tell the computer what to do
Human
Computer
Interface
Interaction
Computers
132 What is the “HUB”
Is a device for providing programs` access
A device used to extend a network so that additional workstations can be attached
A device used to run applications
Type of operating system
Name of the Browser
133 The application of scientific theories and principles in the design, production, installation, testing, service, use, and control of electrical and electronic parts, equipment and systems
Electronics technology or E-technology
Smart technology
Recording Technology
Recruitment Technology
Regarding Technology
134 General term that encompasses all forms of using digital information and communication technologies to support and optimize business processes.
Effective management systems
E-business
Effective management of complex organizational systems
Organizational systems
E-learning
135 Its refers to the educational process, which is characterized by systematic and intensive use of modern information technologies and computer engineering
Effective management systems
E-learning
Effective management of complex organizational systems
Organizational systems
E-business
136 The governance system, the system of interaction between the authorities themselves, with citizens and enterprises using information technologies (which should reduce red tape and increase the transparency of government activity).
E-learning
E-government
E-business
E-technologies
E-connection
137 Singapore government private cloud service
the government cloud (G-cloud)
Government
public, private, hybrid
E-technologies
cloud service
138 The main function of E-Government
the usual interaction among the Government, citizens, and the commercial institutions.
The computer interaction among the Government
the interaction among citizens, and the commercial institutions.
the digital interaction among the Government, citizens, and the commercial institutions.
the non-digital interaction among the Government, citizens, and the commercial institutions
139 E-learning
comprises of distributed learning, network or web-based learning
Traditional learning
Learning with electronic text
Learning on a computer
learning face-to-face
140 Types of cloud deployments:
Hybrid, common, public
General, common, public
public, private, hybrid
Public, common
General, middle, security
141 What do connect multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model
Modems
Bridges
Interfaces
Network printers
Security cameras
142 This type of virus can steal information from user`s computers and upload to web sites
Worms
Multipartite virus
Resident virus
Polymorphic virus
Boots
143 What is a computer virus
A harmful computer program developed by a person that disrupts operations of a computer in various ways
Type of hardware
MS document
An application
Browser
144 Potential event, action, process or phenomenon that can cause unwanted impact on information under protection
an information security threat(IST)
Misguided evidence
Transformative effects
Inconclusive evidence
Unfair outcomes
145 Set of tools, policies, security principles, security guarantees, risk management approaches, actions, training, insurance and technology, which are used to protect the cyber environment, resources, organizations and users
Cybersecurity
Identify Risks
Control Risk
Assess Risk
Review Controls
146 A code that appears to be performing one task while executing a malicious task in the background
Spyware
Adware
Trojans
Trojan horse
Worms
147 A method of physical blockage of a malefactor's way to the information
management of access
an obstacle
motivation
masking
coercion
148 A security method of forcing the personnel to follow the rules of information handling, transfer and use
motivation
management of access
coercion
masking
an obstacle
149 Process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it
Encryption
Cryptanalysis
Basic Concepts
Decryption
The encryption key
150 It refers to data in electronic form, which is logically associated with other data in electronic form and which is used by the signatory to sign
Electronic Signature
Symmetric (with Single key
Prevention
Didital Signature
Asymmetric (with Public key)
151 Algorithm checks for the authenticity of the message by verifying it along with the signature and public key
Verification
Signing
Topics to be covered
Key generation
Electronic Signature
152 Choose right variant. Find example of ergonomics.
use of red for warning, green for okay, awareness of color-blindness
seating arrangements adaptable to cope with all sizes of user
use of awareness of color-blindness
physical position, environmental conditions temperature, humidity
all answers are correct
153 Which computer is used for performing complex scientific and numerical computations such as weather forecasting, fluid dynamics, and etc.
Microcomputers
Double computers
Minicomputers
Mainframes
Super computers
154 Device used for transmitting information over telephone lines:
Printer
network card
Modem
Microphone
Scanner
155 Any information (text, graphic, sound, etc.) is written to disk in the form:
file;
extensions;
digits;
mathematical expressions.
picture;
156 Companies offering these computing services are called
Cloud administrators
Cloud makers
Computer engineering
Cloud providers
Cloud workers
157 A computer which is capable of receiving the information from the server in the Internet is called a
Service
Server
Domain
Locator
Client
158 An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption – a series of well-defined reversible steps that can be followed as a procedure
A cipher либо Basic Concepts
Symmetric (with Single key)
Asymmetric Algorithms
Asymmetric (with Public key)
Symmetric Algorithms
159 A security method by means of regulation using the information system resources
masking
Quantum cryptography
coercion
management of access
motivation
160 Field of computer science that mimics functions of the human brain through various means, including natural language processing, data mining and pattern recognition.
coercion
an obstacle
Artificial intelligence (AI)
.management of access
physical means (MP)
