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WorksheetsC4.1 Types of software and interrupts
Total questions: 83
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
Software that provides services that computer requires
System software
Application Software
Software that provides services that the user requires
System software
Application software
Operating systems and utilities are examples of (a) software
Select all the examples of system software
Operating system
Device drivers
Word processor
Utilities
Database
Select all the examples of application software
Spreadsheet
Word processor
Database
Internet browser
Gamesware
Set of programs to control and manage the operation of computer hardware
System software
Application software
System software...
Can be executed the software as and when they require
Provides a platform on which other software can run
Allows a user to perform specific tasks using the computer's resources
Controls the allocation and usage of hardware resources
Application software...
is used to perform various applications on a computer
can be a single program or a suite of programs
provides a human computer interface
allows users to perform specific tasks using the computer's resources
Select some examples of application software
Word processor
Compilers
Apps
Video editing
Utilities
Control & measuring, database, graphic manipulation are examples of _____ software
System
Application
Select some examples of system software
Compilers
Linkers
Device drivers
Operating systems
Utilities
(a) are parts of the OS which carry out certain functions
Examples of utility programs
virus checkers, screensavers
back-up, security
video editing, photo repairing
defragmentation, file compression
file management
______-_____ software run in the background and should be kept up-to-date
(a)
Anti-virus software carry out _____ ______ (examining software for suspicious behaviours)
(a)
Any possibly infected files identified by the anti-virus software are put into (a)
'Next to each other' (related to defragmentation)
(a)
How can blocks of files be scattered all over the HDD
files are deleted
new files are downloaded
files are partially-deleted
files are extended
Slow data access on the HDD can be solved by using (a) software
During defragmentation, the blocks of files are ____
deleted
created
duplicated
rearranged
2 features of back-up utilitiy
End-to-end encryption when backing up files
Only carry out back-up when the computer is not used
Allow a schedule for backing up files to be created
Only carry out back-up when changes are made to the file
When backing up a file, what are the three versions created for security
Current file on HDD/SSD
Locally backed up copy (portable SSD)
Remote back-up version (clouds)
Copy on HDD/SSD
Copy in the trash bin
Features of security software
Manage access control and user account
Oversee/supervise the updating of software
Link to other utility software
Protect network interfaces
Use encryption and decryption to reduce the damage of data interception
What utility program is it?
(a)
(a) are often used to activate useful background tasks that can only go on when the computer is in an 'idle' state, for eg: virus scans
Software that communicate with the OS and translate data into a format understood by a hardware peripheral device
(a)
All USB device drivers contain a collection of information about devices called (a)
Features of operating system
Provides an interface between computer and human
Provides an environment in which applications can run
Translate computer's language
Provide connection with other computers in a network
Most computers store OS on ______
HDD
SSD
the cloud
USB
Select the functions of operating systems
Security
Platform for running of application software
Managing files
Executing programs written by user
An interface supplied by the operating system to 'hide' the complexities of the software and hardware from the human user (a feature of operating systems)
(a)
GUI
CLI
User has to type in instruction in order to interact with the computer
GUI
CLI
WIMP (a technology used in GUIs) stands for (write in lowercase, with spaces between words)
(a)
A modern touch screen interface system that allows actions such as pinching and rotating
(a)
Advantages of command line interfaces (CLIs)
user is in direct communication with the computer
can change computer's configuration settings
user is not restricted to pre-set options
uses small amount of memory
can be used easily by new users
Advantages of graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
user-friendly
no need to learn commands
gives user more freedom with options
simpler actions
Disadvantages of command line interfaces (CLIs)
restricted options
user needs to learn commands
commands must be typed correctly
takes up more memory
Disadvantages of graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
takes up more memory
needs basic understanding of computer systems
needs an OS -> takes up more memory
user is limited to icons on the screen
Choose the incorrect statements
Nick is buying a new computer to play games - he would prefer CLI
Tom is buying a new computer to build a robot that prints legit money - he would prefer CLI
Michael is buying a new supercomputer to produce unlimited stickers - he would prefer GUI
Max is buying a new computer to download lo-fi tracks to help him sleep - he would prefer GUI
The part of the OS that controls main memory
(a)
Which is not function of memory management in OS
keep track of all memory locations
back up files when they are not used
carries out memory protection
manages primary storage
allows data to be moved between RAM and HDD/SSD during execution
What happens when memory protection (in memory management) isn't done
Lost data
Applications produce wrong results (wrong data in memory locations)
Security issues (data might be accessible to other software)
Computer crashing
The part of an OS that ensures integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data
(a)
What does security management do
Carry out OS updates
Make sure that anti-virus software are up to date
Communicating with firewall to check traffic to and from the computer
Maintaining access rights for users
What does security management do
Detect malware in the computer and delete them
Offer the ability to recover data
Prevent illegal intrusion into the computer system
Prevent users entering private areas on the computer, using user account, passwords, and IDs
The part of the OS that controls all the input and output devices, it is made up of sub-systems
(a)
Functions of hardware peripheral management
Control the operations of the computer and the input/output devices as required
Take data from a file and translate to the format that the input/output device can understand
Make sure each hardware resource has a priority so they can be used and released when needed
Communicate with input and output devices
Manage the input/output device by controlling queues and buffers
Part of the OS that manages files in a computer
(a)
Main tasks of file management
maintaining the directory structure
performing specific tasks with the files
files naming conventions that can be used
make sure access controls are maintained
ensuring memory allocation for a file
Select some tasks performed by file management
open files
edit files
delete files
copy files
move files
A memory area used to store data temporarily
(a)
The function that allows the computer to perform more than one task at the same time
(a)
During multitasking...
more hardware resources is required by the OS software
the processes will use the hardware resources one by one, under the control of the OS software
each of the processes will share the hardware resources under the control of the OS software
the processes that require little hardware resource will be requested to be executed later
During pre-emptive multitasking...
A process can be interrupted while it's running
Every process gets the same amount of hardware resources
Resources are allocated to a process for a time limit
Processes are given priority to have resources accordingly
An agreement that allows an individual to use the computer, the user needs an user name and a password
(a)
A person responsible for the unkeep and maintenance of a computer system that involves multi-user function
(a)
The administrator can...
create new user accounts
delete user accounts
log into accounts from another system
restrict activities of a user account (file manipulation)
In order for application software to run, they need a/an ________ _______ to provide a platform for them
(a)
A program that provides low level control for devices
(a)
BIOS (program) stands for
(a)
BREAK
The BIOS program is stored in (a)
The BIOS can be _____ by the user
rewritten
shared
updated
deleted
The BIOS settings are stored on a (a) chip
The CMOS...
is powered using another chip in the CPU
is powered wirelessly all the times via the CPU
needs to be replaced every few years
is powered up all the times using a rechargeable battery in the motherboard
The BIOS settings would be _______ if the battery was removed or disconnected
erased
reset
updated
stored in a secondary memory
When a computer starts up...
Part of the OS needs to be loaded into RAM
Part of the OS needs to be loaded into ROM
All of the OS needs to be loaded into RAM
All of the OS needs to be executed immediately
The action of loading part of the OS into RAM is also known as ______
bootstrap installer
boostrap loader
initializing memory
booting up the computer
The start-up of the computer's motherboard is handled by the
CPU
CMOS chip
BIOS
CU
The (a) tells the computer where the storage device that holds the computer the OS can be found
Reorder the sequence for the running of applications (eg: 12345, 54321)
1. BIOS loads OS
2. Loads BIOS program located in ROM
3. Power on
4. OS takes over
5. BIOS checks if the hardware are working fine
(a)
A signal sent from a device or software to the microprocessor that causes the microprocessor to temporarily stop
(a)
The interrupt is sent through the ______ bus
address
data
control
BREAK
Interrupts can be caused by...
hardware fault (paper jam in printers)
input/output processes (printer needs more data)
timing signal
user interaction (pressing Ctrl+Alt+Break)
Software errors
Once the interrupt signal is received, the microprocessor...
carries on what it was doing
allocate a place in the memory for the program causing the interrupt
crashes
stops to service the program causing the interrupt
The computer needs to identify the type of interrupt and also establish the level of interrupt (a)
Division by 0 or having two processes trying to access the same memory location are
Software interrupts
Hardware interrupts
Pressing a key on the keyboard or moving a mouse are
Software interrupts
Hardware interrupts
Reorder the processes of an interrupt being serviced (eg: 123 or 321)
1. The Interrupt Service Routine is executed by loading the start address into the PC
2. Once the interrupt is serviced, the status of the current task is restored (contents of registers are retrieved)
3. The contents of the PC and other registers running the current tasks are saved
(a)
Reorder the interrupt flow (eg: 12345 or 54321)
1. Interrupt assigned a place in a queue (part of the ISR)
2. If the priority is higher than the current task's, the stops and fetches the next interrupt. If the priority is lower than the current task's, then leaves it in the queue and carries on what the it's doing
3. Device sends an interrupt signal
4. After completing a FDE cycle, the CPU checks the priority of the next interrupt
5. Interrupt handler collects the interrupt
(a)
BREAK
