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WorksheetsUNIT 1 RADBIO
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 24mins
Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of stable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as a normal function or loss of function.
1,2,3,4&5
2,3&4
3,4&5
1,3,&5
Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
2. obtaining images with no radiation exposure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.
1,3 and 4
1,2 and 3
2,3, and 4
1 and 3
Effective protective measures take into consideration
1. both human and environmental physical determinants.
2. technical elements.
3. procedural factors.
1 only
2 only
1,2 and 3
2 and 3
If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the referring physician.
In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program?
Chief of staff
Assistant administrator of the facility
Radiation Safety Officer
Student radiologic technologist
The ALARA principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used in various health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures. This information may be helpful to many
regulatory agencies.
accrediting bodies.
advisory groups.
radiation standards organizations.
The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
1/100 of a sievert.
1/10 of a sievert.
1/1000 of a sievert.
1/10,000 of a sievert.
The term as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term
equivalent dose (EqD).
background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
diagnostic efficacy.
optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
Milligray
Coulomb per kilogram
Millisievert
Sievert
Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
BERT
ALARA
ORP
NEXT
Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
Effective dose
Exposure
Absorbed dose
There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation
Which of the following statements below is true?
The NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
The ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
In photodisintegration interaction, the incident photon:
interacts with the outer shell electron of the atom
interacts with the innermost shell of atom
collides with nucleus of atom and releases a neutron
interacts with nucleus and produces a particle and negatron
Ionization of the atom occurs during process of coherent scattering.
true
false
Pair production occurs only at ______ or greater.
0.102 MeV
1.022 MeV
102.2 MeV
1022 MeV
Radiation photons emitted from the x-ray tube but not yet reached or penetrated the patient:
primary photons
exit radiation
image formation photons
scatter radiation
The traditional unit of Exposure (X) is:
Roentgen
C/kg
REM
rad
The unit that used to describe Absorbed Dose is ___________.
REM
Sv
Roentgen
gray
What instrument can be used to read Exposure (X)?
Amp meter
Coulomb counter
Standard, or free-air, ionization chamber
Ohmmeter
Which of the following is not a term for coherent scattering?
Characteristic
Classical
Elastic
Unmodified
Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?
Classical interaction
Coherent interaction
Compton interaction
Which of the following units of measure are not SI units?
1. Roentgens
2. Coulombs per kilogram, Grays, Sieverts
3. Rads and Rems
1 and 3
2 and 3
2 only
1 only
In photodisintegration interaction, the incident photon:
interacts with the outer shell electron of the atom
interacts with the innermost shell of atom
collides with nucleus of atom and releases a neutron
interacts with nucleus and produces a particle and negatron
The unit that used to describe Absorbed Dose is ___________.
REM
Sv
Roentgen
gray
A photoelectron usually is absorbed within a few micrometers of the medium through which it travels, thereby increasing patient dose and contributing to biologic damage in tissue.
T
F
Absorption properties of different body structures must be identical to make diagnostically useful images possible.
T
F
The intensity of radiation scatter in various directions is a major factor in the planning of protection for medical imaging personnel during a radiologic examination.
T
F
'Optimization for Radiation Protection' is synonymous with
ALARA
RBE
OSL
KeV
Annihilation radiation is used in which of the following modalities?
X-Ray
PET
CT
MRI
At 300 rem (3 Sv) exposure level, what might occur?
nausea
50% chance of death
change in number of lymphocytes
Dose is not sufficant
Average annual radiation exposure of Americans to natural and manmade radiation is:
6.3 rem
6.3 rad
6.3 mSv
6.3 bq
Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms?
Solar and manmade
Solar and galactic
Artificial and galactic
Effective Dose (EfD) is measured using the units:
rad (or Gray)
C/kg or Roentgen
rem (or Sv)
Becquerel or curies
Equivalent Dose is obtained by:
Air Kerma x WT x WR
Absorbed Dose x WT
Absorbed Dose x WR
Absorbed Dose x WR x WT
In photodisintegration interaction, the incident photon:
interacts with the outer shell electron of the atom
interacts with the innermost shell of atom
collides with nucleus of atom and releases a neutron
interacts with nucleus and produces a particle and negatron
Ionization of the atom occurs during process of coherent scattering.
true
false
Of the following, humans receive the largest dose of ionizing radiation from ______________.
medical x-ray procedures
radon
cosmic radiation
consumer products
Pair production occurs only at ______ or greater.
0.102 MeV
1.022 MeV
102.2 MeV
1022 MeV
Radiation photons emitted from the x-ray tube but not yet reached or penetrated the patient:
primary photons
exit radiation
image formation photons
scatter radiation
The average US resident receives a total of _________ from natural background radiation in the US.
0.3 mSv
3 mSv
3 Sv
30 Sv
The lower the atomic number of a material, the more x-ray energy it absorbs.
true
false
The symbol Z indicates the:
atomic number of an atom
atomic weight of an atom
atomic mass yield
The traditional unit of Exposure (X) is:
Roentgen
C/kg
REM
rad
The unit that used to describe Absorbed Dose is ___________.
REM
Sv
Roentgen
gray
Which of the following is not a term for coherent scattering?
Characteristic
Classical
Elastic
Unmodified
Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?
Classical interaction
Coherent interaction
Compton interaction
Which of the following units of measure are not SI units?
1. Roentgens
2. Coulombs per kilogram, Grays, Sieverts
3. Rads and Rems
1 and 3
2 and 3
2 only
1 only
1 gray equals
.01 cGy.
100 cGy.
1000 cGy.
10 cGy.
