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WorksheetsConceptual Knowledge - Cognitive Psychology
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
Name the 3 levels of categories shown in the Hierarchical Organisation image
Main, Secondary, Last
Top, Middle, Bottom
High, Medium, Low
Global, Basic, Specific
What is the definition of a Prototype?
How much an object is previously encountered
A typical member of a category
A non-typical member of a category
How much an object resembles members from a previously encountered category
What is an exemplar category?
How much an object resembles members of previously encountered categories
in which larger, more general categories are divided into smaller, more specific categories
there are different levels of categories
our ability to categorise learned from experience
Which approach becomes troublesome when defining objects?
hierarchical approach
definitional approach
prototype approach
exemplar approach
What is the basic idea behind Collins and Quillian’s semantic network approach?
was an experiment that measured the times to electric stimulus involving traversing different distance in the networks
was an experiment that measured the networks
was an experiment that measured the times to statements involving traversing different distance in the networks
was an experiment that measured the times to statements involving static differences in the networks
What is the goal of Collins and Quillian’s (1969) experiment? A. to demonstrate....
it should take longer to answer “yes” to the statement “A canary is an animal” than to “A canary is a dog.”
it should take longer to answer “yes” to the statement “A canary is an animal” than to “A canary is a bird.”
it should take longer to answer “yes” to the statement “A canary is an mammal” than to “A canary is a bird.”
it should take longer to answer “yes” to the statement “A canary is an animal” than to “A canary is a yellow.”
What does a 'connectionist network depict?' (HINT: what are the circles in the image?)
Bases in the Brain
Brain Neurons
Cells of the Brain
Balls
Connectionism is an approach to creating computer models for representing cognitive processes. These models are also called (PDP)
parallel distributed processing
principle distributed progress
parallel distributed progress
principle distributed processing
Connection ______ is how signals are sent from one unit either increase or decrease activity of the next unit
Output
Unit
Layer
Weight
Training a Network: The learning process occurs when the erroneous responses in the property units cause an _____ ______ to be sent back through the network, by a process called back propagation
output signal
error signal
network signal
input signal
The operation of connectionist networks is not totally disrupted by damage, disruption of performance occurs only gradually as parts of the system are damaged, this is called
gross degradation
graceful degradation
gradient degradation
gradual degradation
Connectionist networks can explain ____. Because similar concepts have similar patterns, training a system to recognize the properties of one concept also provides information about other, related concepts.
lessons of learning.
chances of learning.
greater benefit of learning.
generalisation of learning.
Our ability to differentiate living things and artifacts depends on a memory system that distinguishes sensory attributes and a system that distinguishes functions led to the
sensory-functional hypothesis
system-functional hypothesis
systematic-functional hypothesis
stimuli-functional hypothesis
A memory loss impairment in which they had lost the ability to identify one type of object but retained the ability to identify other types of objects.
specific memory impairment
catastrophic-specific memory impairment
cranial-specific memory impairment
category-specific memory impairment
What study conducted by Hoffman and Ralph was done in 2013, demonstrated many participants sorted objects or the words for the objects by the visual form and not the function of the object?
multiple-fixed approach
multiple-focal approach
multiple-factor approach
multiple-choice approach
The ___ proposes that there are specific neural circuits in the brain for some specific categories
Situational Category Approach
Semantic Category Approach
Systematic Category Approach
Simple Category Approach
Huth and coworkers (2016) experiment in which participants listened to stories in a scanner found ___ that activated different places on the cortex
images
words
objects
scripts
When we see a hammer or read the word hammer later, these sensory and motor areas are reactivated, and it is this information that represents the hammer (Barsalou, 2008). This describes the ___ approach
embodied
empty
emerge
edited
The Hub and Spoke Model of semantic knowledge are areas of the brain that are associated with specific functions are connected to the
anterior temporal lobe
dominant parietal lobe
occipital lobe
frontal lobe
a category member closely resembles the category prototype (it is like a “_______” member of the category) also a category member does not closely resemble a _______ member of the category (HINT: same word)
(a)
An advantage of the exemplar approach over the prototype approach is that the exemplar approach provides a better explanation of the ___________ effect
typicality
resemblance
priming
reaction time
Which of the following would be in a basic level category
transportation
pick-up truck
truck
vehicle
Spreading activation
creates new links between associated concepts
inhibits unrelated concepts
primes associated concepts
weakens the link between unrelated concepts
Which of the choices best represents cognitive economy in the following sentence? The property _______is stored at the _______node.
can fly; bird
can fly; canary
has feathers; ostrich
bird; penguin
In the semantic network model, a specific category or concept is represented at a:
link
node
input
output
