____________________ specify all functional and non-functional expectations from the software.

Requirement specifications come in the shape of human readable and understandable documents, to which a computer has something to do.

____________ is graphical representation of flow of data in an information system.

______ is capable of depicting ______ data flow, ______ data flow and stored data.

The DFD does not mention anything about how data flows through the system.

Depicts flow of control in program modules.

Depict flow of data in the system at various levels.

DFD does contain control or branch elements.

What are the two types of DFD?

This type of DFD concentrates on the system process, and flow of data in the system.

Ex: Banking software system, how data is moved between different entities.

This type of DFD shows how the data flow is actually implemented in the system.

It is more specific and close to the implementation.

Which of these are DFD Components?

Are source and destination of information data.

Represented by a rectangles with their respective names.

Activities and action taken on the data are represented by Circle or Round- edged rectangles.

There are two variants - it can either be represented as a rectangle with absence of both smaller sides or as an open-sided rectangle with only one side missing.

Movement of data is shown by pointed arrows.

Data movement is shown from the base of arrow as its source towards head of the arrow as destination.

Highest abstraction level DFD is known as __________.

Depicts the entire information system as one diagram concealing all the underlying details.

Level 0 DFDs are also known as ____________.

Depicts basic modules in the system and flow of data among various modules.

Mentions basic processes and sources of information.

Shows how data flows inside the modules mentioned in Level 1.

Higher level DFDs can be transformed into more specific lower level DFDs with deeper level of understanding unless the desired level of specification is achieved.

Level 1 Data Flow Diagram is recommended.

Is a chart derived from Data Flow Diagram.

Structure Chart does not represent the system in more detail than DFD.

It breaks down the entire system into lowest functional modules, describes functions and sub-functions of each module of the system to a greater detail than DFD.

Structure chart represents hierarchical structure of modules.

At each layer a specific task is performed.

Is a combination of two organized method to analyze the system and provide the means of documentation.

HIPO diagram represents the hierarchy of modules in the software system.

Are good for documentation purpose.

Their graphical representation makes it easier for designers and managers to get the pictorial idea of the system structure.

Analyst uses HIPO diagram in order to obtain __________ of system functions.

It decomposes functions into __________ in a hierarchical manner. It depicts the functions performed by system.

Depicts the flow of control and data in a module.

In contrast to HIPO, which does not provide any information about data flow or control flow.

Both parts of HIPO diagram, Hierarchical presentation and IPO Chart are used for ____________ of software program as well as ___________ of the same.

It is nothing but the description of what is required to code and how to code it.

It helps the programmer to write error-free code.

It uses plain English words in structured programming paradigm.

It is not the ultimate code but a kind of description what is required to code and how to code it.

The following are some tokens of structured programming:

[Structured English]

Analyst uses the same variable and data name, which are stored in _________________, making it much simpler to write and understand the code.

It is written closer to programming language.

It may be considered as augmented programming language, full of comments and descriptions.

It avoids variable declaration but they are written using some actual programming language’s constructs, like C, Fortran, Pascal etc.

Pseudo code does not contain more programming details than Structured English.

It provides a method to perform the task, as if a computer is executing the code.

Represents conditions and the respective actions to be taken to address them, in a structured tabular format.

It is a powerful tool to debug and prevent errors.

It helps group similar information into a single table and then by combining tables it delivers easy and convenient decision-making.

It is a type of database model based on the notion of real world entities and relationship among them.

ER Model creates a set of ______ with their ______, a set of _______ and ________ among them.

It is best used for the conceptual design of database.

_________ is a real world being, which has some properties called ______.

Every attribute is defined by its corresponding set of values, called ______.

Ex: Consider a school database. Here, a student is an ______. Student has various _______ like name, id, age and class etc.

The logical association among entities.

Which of these are mapping cardinalities in an ER Model?

It is the centralized collection of information about data.

It stores meaning and origin of data, its relationship with other data, data format for usage etc.

It is often referenced as meta-data (data about data) repository.

_________________ is created along with DFD (Data Flow Diagram) model of software program and is expected to be updated whenever DFD is changed or updated.