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INHERITANCE AND VARIATION AQA GCSE

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
How many parents are needed for asexual reproduction?
a)
Two parents
b)
One parent
c)
Two parents and two grandparents
2.
What is fertilisation?
a)
When the nuclei of egg and sperm fuse
b)
When an egg is released from the ovary
c)
When a new body cell is created
3.
How many chromosomes are present in human gametes?
a)
46
b)
92
c)
23
4.
Why does a dominant allele create a higher probability of an offspring affected by an inherited disease?
a)
Only one dominant parental allele is needed to produce a 50% chance of an individual being affected by a particular genetic condition
b)
The parents always pass on these alleles
c)
Dominant alleles are more common than recessive alleles
5.
What phenotype is produced from an XY genotype?
a)
Female
b)
Male
c)
Cystic fibrosis
6.
Why does cystic fibrosis need two alleles to cause the disease?
a)
It is a recessive disorder - you need two recessive alleles to cause the condition
b)
The alleles are dominant and you need two of them
c)
You need a dominant and a recessive allele to cause the condition
7.
What is an example of a dominant genetic disorder?
a)
Cystic fibrosis
b)
Tuberculosis
c)
Polydactyly
8.

What causes variation?

a)

Your environment

b)

Your genes and your environment

c)

Your genes

d)

Your names

9.

What is variation?

a)

Racial diversity

b)

The variation of females and males

c)

Variation of personalities

d)

The differences between the individuals in a species

10.

Where are genes found?

a)

In the mitochondria

b)

In our bone marrow

c)

Chromosomes, in the nucleus of a cell

d)

In our brains

11.

Where do offspring get their genes?

a)

Half from their mom, half from their dad

b)

From their mom

c)

From their dad

d)

From their brains

12.

An example of a characteristic that is determined only by inheritance is

a)

Height

b)

Tattoos

c)

Blood group

d)

Intelligence

13.

An example of variation determined by both environment and inheritance is

a)

Eye colour

b)

Weight

c)

Height

d)

Ear lobe shape

14.

Differences between organisms are due to

a)

Environment

b)

Inheritance

c)

Species

d)

Offspring

15.

It is passed on from parents to offspring.

a)

characteristic

b)

trait

c)

inherited

d)

evidence

16.

What are some different traits between the individual puppies?

a)

fur color

b)

size

c)

length of snout (nose)

d)

all of the above

17.

Which trait was passed from the mom to the puppy?

a)

brown fur

b)

ears that stick up

c)

large size

d)

non of the above

18.

Traits that are passed along through generations of family members include which of these?

a)

eye color

b)

hair color

c)

nose shape

d)

all of the above

19.

Passed on from parent to offspring means

a)

variation

b)

inherited

c)

group

d)

evidence

20.

Differences among objects or organisms are

a)

evidence

b)

variations

c)

parents

d)

organisms

21.
Which of the following traits are learned:
a)
eye color
b)
playing the piano
c)
freckles
d)
attached or free ear lobes
22.

18. An example of an inherited trait could be ____.

a)

long nails

b)

curly hair

c)

speaking English

d)

a scar

23.

Hippos and elephants are animals that eat plants. Both have flat teeth because...

a)

they ate plants since they were young

b)

live in the same place

c)

travel to where there are plants

d)

inherited this trait from their parents

24.

What is selective breeding?

a)

None of the below

b)

When you breed two animals together because of their desirable traits to create an offspring with many desirable traits, u do this for many generations

c)

When you breed together two different animals to create a hybrid animal and then sell it for lots of money.

d)

All of the above

25.

What are chromosomes?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

26.

What are alleles?

a)

Long strands of DNA that contain lots of genes.

b)

Different versions of a gene.

c)

The basic unit of heredity; controls a specific trait.

d)

A characteristic passed from parent to offspring

e)

The differences that occur from a mixture of genes

27.
What is a segment of DNA called?
a)
Chromosome
b)
gene
c)
dominant trait
d)
nucleus
28.
What are the major structures in the nucleus that are made of DNA called?
a)
gene
b)
DNA
c)
chromosome
d)
mitochondria
29.
An individual who has two identical alleles for a characteristic
a)
Carrier
b)
Complete dominance
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Homozygous
30.

What is the definition of homozygous?

a)

Only one type of allele is present in the genotype, eg. BB or bb.

b)

Both dominant and recessive alleles are present in the genotype, eg. Bb.

c)

The alleles that are present, written as letters eg. BB.

d)

What the characteristic actually looks like eg. brown hair.

31.

What is the definition of heterozygous?

a)

Only one type of allele is present in the genotype, eg. BB or bb.

b)

Both dominant and recessive alleles are present in the genotype, eg. Bb.

c)

The alleles that are present, written as letters eg. BB.

d)

What the characteristic actually looks like eg. brown hair.

32.
If a tall pea plant TT is crossed with a short pea plant tt (TT x tt) describe the traits of the offspring
a)
100% tall
b)
75% tall, 25% short
c)
50% tall, 50% short
d)
25% tall, 75% short
33.
The genotype is the ______________.
a)
physical appearance
b)
Genetic makeup
c)
Alleles gained from one parent
34.
The phenotype is the _______________.
a)
physical appearance of an organism
b)
Genetic makeup 
c)
Alleles acquired from a specific parent.
35.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
T
36.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
37.

What percent of offspring will have the recessive phenotype?

a)

25

b)

50

c)

75

d)

100

38.

In dogs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for white fur (b). A breeder breeds a heterozygous dog with a recessive homozygous dog. If the female dog has a litter of 12 puppies, predict how many will have black fur.

a)

12

b)

3

c)

6

d)

4

39.

In guinea pigs, the allele for short hair (H) is dominant and the allele for long hair (h) is recessive. When a dominant homozygous male and a heterozygous female are bred together, what is the predicted phenotypic ratio for the offspring?

a)

1:1 short hair to long hair

b)

All have short hair

c)

1:3 short hair to long hair

d)

1:3 long hair to short hair

40.

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers when two purple heterozygous plants are bred together?

a)

100%

b)

75%

c)

50%

d)

25%

41.

What would the genotype AA be termed as?

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous Dominant

c)

Homozygous Recessive

42.

What is the definition of a genotype?

a)

An individuals alleles for a particular characteristic

b)

An individuals physical appearance

c)

The differences between members of the same species

d)

Variation that can be measured

43.

A woman with normal vision has a colourblind father. she marries a colourblind man. What proportion of their children will be colourblind?

a)

25%

b)

0%

c)

50%

d)

100%

44.

When someone says that a daughter looks just like her mother, is it possible that the daughter is an exact copy of her mother?

a)

No, because a daughter gets all of her alleles from her father.

b)

Yes, because a daughter gets alleles from her mother.

c)

No, because a daughter receives half of her genetic make up from her father.

d)

Yes, because humans can practice asexual reproduction under certain circumstances.

45.

Sexual reproduction

a)

Different versions of a gene

b)

The reproductive process involving two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from themselves

c)

The reproductive process in which a single cell makes a copy of itself

d)

A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring

46.

What will two homozygous-dominant parents (BB and BB) produce for offspring?

a)

All offspring will be genotype BB.

b)

All offspring will be genotype bb.

c)

It is impossible to predict what the genotypes of the offspring will be.

d)

All offspring will be genotype Bb.

47.

WHO IS THE FATHER OF GENETICS?

a)

ALFRED STURTEVANT

b)

GREGOR JOHAN MENDEL

c)

TSCHERMAK

d)

T H MORGAN

48.

The offspring of sexually-reproducing organisms have greater genetic variation than the offspring of asexually-reproducing organisms. Why is this so?

a)

The offspring of asexual organisms get a copy of their one parent’s genes, not a combination from two parents.

b)

If the offspring of asexual organisms are different from their parents, they do not survive.

c)

Sexually-reproducing organisms develop over longer periods of time, allowing their genetic material to change.

d)

The genetic material of sexually-reproducing organisms is much more complex than that of asexual organisms.

49.

The genotype AA is...

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

50.

The genotype cc is...

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

51.

Chromosomes are only inherited from one parent. (Gametes)

a)

True

b)

False

52.

If purple (P) flowers are dominant to white (p) flowers. What is the genotype of a flower that is homozygous recessive

?

a)

PP

b)

Pp

c)

pp

53.

If smooth (S) is dominant in seeds and wrinkled (s) is recessive. What is the genotype of a seed that is homozygous dominant?

a)

SS

b)

Ss

c)

ss

54.

Heterozygous is defined as...

a)

Two of the same genes

b)

Two different alleles for different characteristics

c)

Two different alelles for the same gene

d)

Alleles.that code for a characteristic

55.

A Punnett square showing the cross between two pea plants is shown. In pea plants, the smooth coat allele (R) is dominant over the wrinkled coat allele (r).


(See Attached Diagram)


One part of the Punnett square is filled in, but the remainder is blank. Which of the following best describes the correct method for filling in the remainder of the squares? (Rr = top right, rR = bottom left)

a)
b)
c)
d)
56.

in a breed of cat, long tails are dominant over short tail. If 2 heterozygous long tail cats have offspring, what will be the phenotype ratio of their offspring?

a)

all short

b)

3 long : 1 short

c)

1 long : 3 short

d)

1 long : 3 short

57.

in a corn, purple fruit is dominant over yellow. if 2 purple corns produce some offsprings with yellow color, predict the following genotype of the parent corn plants is true!

a)

PP x PP

b)

Pp x pp

c)

PP x pp

d)

Pp x Pp

58.

The gametes of a plant of genotype SsYy should have the genotypes ...

a)

Ss and Yy

b)

SY and sy

c)

SY, Sy, sY, and sy

d)

Ss, Yy, SY and sy

59.

The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance of the genetic condition Huntington's. Individuals affected by the condition are represented by blue shapes. All other individuals are unaffected. The allele (H) that causes the condition is dominant to the allele that leaves an individual unaffected. What are the genotypes of individuals 3 and 4?

a)

HH and HH

b)

HH and Hh

c)

Hh and Hh

60.

The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance of the genetic disease Huntington's. Individuals affected by the condition are represented by shaded in shapes. All other individuals are unaffected. The allele (H) that causes the condition is dominant to the allele that leaves an individual unaffected. The genotype of individual 2 is Hh. What is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring of individuals 1 and 2?

a)

All affected

b)

3 affected: 1 unaffected

c)

1 affected: 1 unaffected

61.

In a monohybrid cross what symbol is used to illustrate the first generation of offspring?

a)

P

b)

F1

c)

F2

62.

If B = brown hair and b = blonde hair, what phenotype will a person with genotype Bb have?

a)

Brown hair

b)

Blonde hair

63.

If two heterozygous individuals had a child, what are the chances of the child also being heterozygous?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

64.

If a heterozygous and a homozygous recessive individual had a child, what are the chances of the child being homozygous recessive?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

65.

If a heterozygous and a homozygous recessive individual had a child, what are the chances of the child being homozygous dominant?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

66.

A rose species has color which is determined by alleles R and r. A genotype of RR will give rise to red coloration, while rr gives rise to white coloration. Which of the statements is false?

a)

The alleles R and r are different forms of a gene.

b)

A gene is made up of proteins.

c)

A gene consists of a DNA sequence.

d)

The heterozygous genotype will have a phenotype of red.

67.

Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. A boy's somatic cells would have ______

a)

46 identical chromosomes of identical length.

b)

46 chromosomes of varying length.

c)

22 pairs of different chromosomes, but each pair is of the same length; one X and one Y chromosome.

d)

22 pairs of different chromosomes, but each pair is of the same length; and two X chromosomes.

68.

A dominant trait expresses itself

a)

only in homozygous genotypes

b)

only in heterozygous genotypes

c)

both in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes

69.

A recessive trait expresses itself

a)

only in homozygous genotypes

b)

only in heterozygous genotypes

c)

in both homozygous and heterozygous genotypes

70.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%