The chemicals in foods that are critical to human growth and function.

Dietary intake sufficient to meet daily nutrient requirements of 98% of that specific life group.

Estimated amount of intake to maintain a "healthy state." Use when not enough data to establish RDA.

Max level of intake that will pose no health risks.

Retinoic acid, retinol, carotenoids

Thiamine

Deficiency MC in pts with chronic alcoholism. Also malabsorption, dialysis, extreme diuresis. Tx by supplementation with IV, then PO.

Riboflavin

Found in dairy products. Deficiency confirmed by measuring. Tx with supplementation and increased consumption meat, fish, and dairy.

Niacin

Found in protein foods containing tryptophan, cereals, vegetables, and dairy products. Deficiency occurs in alcoholics, pts w/ inborn errors of metabolism. Some role in decreasing LDL, increasing HDL, and antiaging.

Deficiency caused by drug interactions or alcoholism. Sx of mouth soreness, glossitis, chelosis, nasolabial seb derm, weakness, and irritability. Can result in peripheral neuropathy, microcytic anemia, and seizures. Dx with serum levels. Tx with PO supplement.

Ascorbic acid

Plays role in collagen formation. Deficiency common in poor, elderly, and alcoholics. Atraumatic hemarthrosis is highly suggestive.

Early sx of malaise and weakness. Late sx of scurvy.

Functions to absorb calcium, support immunity, BP regulation, insulin production, decreasing inflammation. Risk when sun exposure is decreased.

Which of the following are correct? (choose 2)

What serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) indicated vitamin D deficiency?

Commonly associated with malabsorption or liver disease. Also CF.

Symptoms of areflexia, disturbances of gait, decreased vibration and proprioception, and ophthalmoplegia. Dx with plasma levels. Tx with with supplementation until sx resolve.

Deficiency associated with decreased dietary intake, malabsorption, decreased production by intestinal bacteria. Required for synthesis coagulation factors. Sx prolonged PT. Tx w/ IV or PO.

Phytonadione