"The art and science of arranging the uses of portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analyzing sites, forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation ... ... developing construction details to carry out the project."

"The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, and city planning"

Two methods of establishing a site

This process selects the best possible use and development suited for a given site, also land suitability test

This process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits best the given use and requirements of the project

Site slection process

Site selection criteria refer to the set of factors and considerations used to evaluate and compare different sites for a particular development or project

the practicality of a project, taking into account technical, financial, and regulatory factors.

refers to the most economically productive and efficient use of a particular piece of land

the potential demand for a particular use of a site.

Only those uses that are, or may be, legally permitted are potential highest and best uses. Properties with a use that predates existing zoning or other property regulations may be legally nonconforming.

Any potential use must be physically possible given the size, shape, topography, and other characteristics of the site.

the proposed use of a property must generate adequate revenue to justify the costs of construction plus a profit for the developer.

the use must generate the highest net return (profit) to the developer.

COMMON FACTORS IN SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

Refer to the aesthetics of the site, including its visual appeal, symmetry, and color.

Refer to the history, customs, and traditions of a particular place, as well as the preferences and values of the people living in the area.

Refer to the environment and geography of a site, such as terrain, climate, soil, vegetation, and natural resources.

Physiography, landforms, soils, drainage, topography, and slopes, and soil erosion

Earth - its composition, the process that shaped its surface and its history

Surface and ground water (watershed)

Solar Orientation for buildings, best facing slope, wind flows for brezzes

Climatic control (solar radiation, wind), environmental engineering (air purification, noise, glare, erosion), and architectural uses

Ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisances

steps in the design process used to assess existing conditions and determine how or if they will or should change. Common items included in the inventory are: existing structures, existing vegetation, geology, topography, soil type and drainage, utilities, structures, and views.

are the graphic translation of key observations and analyses as they relate to the material conditions of a site. Common themes appearing in site analysis diagrams include sun and shade paths, movement and circulation patterns, land use, and public space vs. private space.

is a GIS operation that superimposes multiple data sets (representing different themes) together for the purpose of identifying relationships between them

Techniques that use satellite imagery, drones, or other means to gather information about a site from a distance.

tools used to investigate the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as penetrometers, soil samplers, etc

refers to the process of preparing a piece of land for construction or other intended use. It involves a range of activities, including site analysis, site preparation, infrastructure installation, and the construction of buildings and other structures.

steps in site development

A detailed drawing or map of a proposed development, showing the location of buildings, roads, utilities, and other features.

The design and implementation of outdoor spaces, including the placement of trees, shrubs, flowers, and other vegetation, as well as hardscaping elements such as paths and walls.

Regulations that control the use of land and dictate what types of development can take place in a specific area

The process of altering the existing terrain of a site to achieve a desired slope or elevation.

The ratio of the total area covered by buildings and other structures to the total area of a site.

A measure of the density of a development, calculated as the ratio of the total floor area of a building to the area of the lot.

The means by which people, vehicles, and goods can enter and exit a site.

An area of land set aside to separate two uses or activities, such as a residential development and a commercial development.

The benefits that people derive from ecosystems, such as clean air and water, pollination, and climate regulation.

are regulations and guidelines that are used to control and manage the development of land. They typically include zoning regulations, building codes, and environmental impact assessments, as well as design and construction standards.

Regulations that set standards for the operation and performance of buildings and structures, such as energy efficiency and noise levels.

is the analysis, planning, and design of exterior living spaces. it integrates a wide variety of elements to achieve functional and beautiful spaces for outdoor living.

focuses more on urban planning, city and regional parks, civic and corporate landscapes, large scale interdisciplinary projects, and delegation to contractors after completing designs.

the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture.

the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation.

” garden elements including statuary or boulders but most commonly is used to refer to paths, patios, and walls

refers to the live horticultural elements of a landscape. It can include flowers, plants, shrubs, trees, flower beds, and duties like weed/nuisance management, grading, planting, mowing, trimming, aerating, spraying, and digging for everything from plants and shrubs to flower beds.

a multidisciplinary field that involves the design and arrangement of the physical elements of urban environments, including buildings, public spaces, transportation systems, and infrastructure. It seeks to create livable, attractive, and functional urban environments by integrating the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the built environment.

the most pronounced elements of urban design; they shape and articulate space by forming and shaping the street walls of the city.

the connections between spaces and being spaces themselves. They are defined by their physical dimension and character as well as the size, scale, and character of the buildings that line them.

channels which the observer moves. They can be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals and railroads.

are the boundaries between two phases, linear breaks in continuity

large city areas which observer can mentally go inside of.

are the strategic foci into which the observer can enter either junctions of paths or concentrations of some characteristic.

are the point references which are external to the observer and simple physical elements vary in scale.

Lynch classified the content of the city images into five types of elements which are paths, e

"Architectural" and narrower understanding of urban design

Predominantly product-oriented focused on visual aesthetic experience

Emphasized the way in which people use and colonize spaces

Encompass issues of perception and sense of place which is the element lacking in previous tradition

Concerned with the design of urban space as an aesthetic entity and and as behavioral setting

lso a key proponent and advocate of this tradition. In her book: "The Death and Life of Great American Cities," she argues that the city could never be a work of art because art was made by "selection from life," while a city was life at its most vital, complex, and intense form."

Kevin Lynch's through "Image of the City" attempted to shift the focus of urban design in 2 ways:

defined as the public face of the buildings, the spaces between frontages, the activities taking place in between these spaces, and the managing of these activities.

7 OBJECTIVES OF GOOD URBAN DESIGN TO CONCEPT OF PLACE

is the arrangement of land use in urban areas, in other words, how the land use of a city is set out.

refers to the task of identifying and grouping buildings and urban spaces according to the similarity of their essential characteristics.

largely determined by the design of the urban grid. It is about the accessibility the ease with which public spaces can be accessed, used, and leaft.

the rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns, often characterized by low-density residential housing, single-use zoning, and increased reliance on the private automobile for transportation

The sociological process by which a previously functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude. There is no single process that leads to urban decay which is why it can be hard to encapsulate its magnitude.

the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants in the process.

It occurs in many places, especially fast-growing cities with a combination of demographic change, economic pressure and large transport infrastructure projects. Though causing several isssues, it is increasingly accepted as a necessity and is important for no-net land take.

Includes a wide array of other subset of issues include such as inefficient traffic management measures, long commutes, parking issues, large fleet costs, sprawling cities, etc.

enables the city to develop as individual occupants or builders navigate rapidly changing environments with scarce resources – the building process is continuous responding to available skills, materials, culture and resources.

is a type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport. It promotes a symbiotic relationship between dense, compact urban form and public transport use

an approach that began in the 1980s as a place-making initiative to combat suburban sprawl. Its goal is to increase density by creating compact and complete towns and neighborhoods. T

is a concept introduced by Margaret Crawford and influenced by Henry Lefebvre that describes the everyday lived experience shared by urban residents including commuting, working, relaxing, moving through city streets and sidewalks, shopping, buying, eating food, and running errands.

a city, organizational, or citizen-led approach to neighborhood-building that uses short-term, low-cost, and scalable interventions and policies to catalyze long term change.

The study from the 1990s of how a community can be beneficial for the ecosystem, the people, and the economy for which it is associated. It is based on Scott Campbell's planner's triangle which tries to find the balance between economy, equity, and the environment. Its main concept is to try and make cities as self-sufficient as possible while not damaging the ecosystem around them

also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility.

PURPOSE OF URBAN PLANNING

WHO ARE INVOLVED IN PLANNING (2)

LEGAL BASIS OF PLANNING. Defines power of the government (federal, state, sub-state, city, township)

LEGAL BASIS OF PLANNING. Eminent domain, taxation, police power

_________AS "FIRST AMONG EQUALS" (PRIMUS INTER PARES)

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

the action plan utilized by every local administration to develop and implement priority sectoral and cross-sectoral programs and projects in the proper locations

It is regarded as the plan for the long-term management of the local territory. As the skeletal-circulatory framework of the territory’s physical development, it identifies areas where development can and cannot be located and directs public and private investments accordingly.

The State recognizes the importance of environmental planning in: nation-building and development. It shall develop and nurture competent, virtuous, productive, and well-rounded professional planners; whose standards of practice and service shall be excellent, world-class, and globally competitive

A person who is registered and licensed to practice environmental planning and who holds a valid Certificate of Registration and a valid Professional Identification Card

Involves the descriptive study of all kinds of human settlements and the formulation of general conclusions aimed at achieving harmony between the inhabitants of a settlement and their physical and sociocultural environments.

Concerned with planning for an area with distinctive economic and social characteristics, opportunities and problems, setting it apart from other regions

-The Master Plan Approach

-With bias on physical planning

-Conforming to traditions, code or practice from the past

-One-shot attempt