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Advanced Biology - Final Revision Sheet

Total questions: 180

Worksheet time: 2hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is one function of the other pigments  besides chlorophyll, in the chloroplast?
a)
to block damaging wavelengths of light
b)
to absorb different wavelengths than the chloroplasts
c)
to provide different colors to the leaves
d)
to transfer energy to a separate photosystem beside the one using chlorophyll a and b.
2.
What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?
a)
the electrons from PS II
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
3.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
4.
The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________.
a)
Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma / thylakoid
c)
mesophyl / stomata
d)
thylakoid membrane / stroma
5.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
6.
Where is glucose synthesized
a)
Photosystem II
b)
Photosystem I
c)
Calvin Cycle
d)
Glycolysis
7.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem II and I
8.
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
a)
regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
b)
produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
c)
produce oxygen by oxidizing water
d)
produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
9.
The H+ concentration gradient is used to 
a)
make NADPH
b)
split a water molecule
c)
generate ATP
d)
form water
10.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
a)
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
b)
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation
d)
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
11.

What are the products of Photosynthesis

a)

Carbon and glucose

b)

Oxygen and Glucose

c)

Carbon and Oxygen

d)

Water and Glucose

12.

What is Carbon Fixation?

a)

When 3-PG is being converted into G3P

b)

When sugar and energy interact to form the molecule RuBP making the cycle start again

c)

When RuBP is being formed

d)

It incorporates CO2 and binds it to RuBP using rubisco

13.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
6CO2 + 6H2O --> 6O2 + C6H12O6
b)
6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2 
c)
6O2 + 6H2O --> 6CO2 + C6H12O6
d)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 
14.

What would be true for a plant that is growing (gaining mass)?

a)

rate of photosynthesis = rate of cellular respiration

b)

rate of photosynthesis > rate of cellular respiration

c)

rate of photosynthesis < rate of cellular respiration

15.

What would be true for a plant that is kept in the dark? What would happen to the plant's mass?

a)

rate of photosynthesis = rate of cellular respiration ; stay the same

b)

rate of photosynthesis > rate of cellular respiration ; decrease

c)

rate of photosynthesis < rate of cellular respiration ; decrease

16.

What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph above?

a)

The water becomes colder at night and thus holds more oxygen.

b)

Respiration in most organisms increases at night.

c)

More organisms are respiring at night than during the day.

d)

Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during the day.

17.

Are the photosystems light dependent or independent?

a)

Light independent

b)

Light dependent

18.

Where does the plant get H+ to make NADPH

a)

Air

b)

Carbon

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen

19.

Photosynthesis is a ____ reaction.

a)

catabolic

b)

anabolic

c)

single displacement

d)

organic

20.

Which organelle is responsible making food (Glucose) using sunlight?

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Nucleus

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Mitochondria

21.
How does carbon dioxide get into the leaves of a plant?
a)
It's absorbed by the roots
b)
It's made in a chemical reaction in the stem
c)
It enters through the stomata
d)
It goes through the flowers
22.

Cellular respiration happens in the

a)

plants only

b)

animals only

c)

chloroplasts

d)

mitochondria

23.

Which of the following processes transport oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries?

a)

Respiration

b)

Inhalation

c)

Exhalation

d)

Diffusion

24.

What is diffusion process?

a)

Molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration

b)

Molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

25.

Enzymes are _____________?

a)

Hydrocarbons

b)

Hormones

c)

Lipids

d)

Proteins

26.

What is activation energy

a)

The energy released after chemical reactions

b)

The energy required to activate an enzyme

c)

Energy absorbed by chemical reactions

27.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
28.
Which of the factors does NOT affect enzymatic activity?
a)
Temperature
b)
pH
c)
Concentration
d)
Color
29.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
30.
Which is an example of a solute
a)
soil suspended in water
b)
sugar that is dissolved in water
c)
water that dissolves salt
d)
water with undissolved soil
31.
A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7
a)
Acid
b)
Alkaline
c)
Base
d)
Buffer
32.
A(n) _______ is a substance with a pH greater than 7.
a)
Base
b)
Acid
c)
Buffer
d)
Water
33.
Complete the sentence.
A substance that is more basic has a _____ pH than a substance that is acidic.
a)
lower
b)
higher
c)
the same
d)
none of the above
34.

A base is a substance

a)

That releases OH- ions when dissolved in water

b)

That releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

c)

Does not release any ions when dissolved in water

d)

None of the above

35.
According to the pH range which substance is more acidic than lemon juice
a)
Hydrochloric acid
b)
cabbage
c)
milk
36.
A solution has a pH of 7.0.  What would happen to the pH if H ions were added?
a)
pH would go up
b)
pH would go down
c)
pH would stay the same
d)
None of these
37.
A solution has a pH of 7.0.  What would happen to the pH if OH ions were added?
a)
pH would go up
b)
pH would go down
c)
pH would stay the same
d)
None of these
38.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
39.

What is the optimal pH of enzyme A?

a)

8

b)

2

c)

5.7-10

d)

10

40.
What is being represented by the letter A in the image?
a)
Substrate
b)
Enzyme
c)
Product
d)
Complex
41.
If an enzyme becomes over heated what effect, if any, will the heat have on the enzymatic activity? 
a)
The enzyme will not store much chemical energy.
b)
The enzyme will not be able to catalyze reactions.
c)
The enzyme will lose its net electrical charge.
d)
The enzyme will lose stored genetic information.
42.
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
43.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
44.

In a test of pH levels, a baking soda has a pH of 9 and bleach has a pH of 12. What is true about there relationship?

a)

Both of the solution are bases

b)

Both of the solution are acids

c)

The Baking soda is an acid and the Bleach is a base

d)

The baking soda is a base and the Bleach is an acid.

45.

What does pH measure?

a)

the amount of hydrogen (H+) ions

b)

the amount of hydroxide (OH-) ions

c)

amount of water

d)

all of the above

46.

Cells can only work if their enzymes are functioning. What can you infer from the graph?

a)

Cells function best at low pH values

b)

Cells function fine at all pH values

c)

Cells function best at high pH values

d)

Cells do not function well if the pH is too high or too low

47.
Which is a product of glycolysis?
a)
pyruvate
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
glucose
48.
What is the function of NADPH and ATP?
a)
They absorb light
b)
They power the light-dependent reactions
c)
They are light-reflecting pigments
d)
They are short term energy carriers
49.
#4 is pointing to an individual "pancake" in this stack.  What is this called?
a)
Stroma
b)
Thylakoid
c)
Granum
d)
Stomata
50.
What Does CAM stand for
a)
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
b)
Carbon Acid Metabolism
c)
Canvas Acid Metabolism
d)
Core Acid Metabolism
51.

Which type of plant is adapted to live in areas that are hot AND humid?

a)

C3

b)

C4

c)

CAM

d)

All

52.

Acetyl-CoA is joined up to a ________________________ to form ________________________.


a)

6 carbon compound; acetate

b)

3 carbon compound; acetyl-CoA

c)

4 carbon compound; acetyl-CoA

d)

4 carbon compound; citric acid

e)

6 carbon compound; citric acid

53.

Glycolysis requires oxygen

a)

True

b)

False

54.

What part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

a)

outer membrane

b)

thylakoid

c)

stroma

d)

inner membrane

55.

Two features of anabolic reaction sequences are...

a)

Breakdown of molecules & requires energy

b)

Breakdown of molecules & Releases energy

c)

builds up molecules & releases energy

d)

builds up molecules & requires energy

56.
What does it mean if one solution is more concentrated than the other?
a)
It contains more solvent.
b)
The solution contains more solute than the other.
c)
There is more water in the concentrated solution
57.
During _________________, carrier proteins grab glucose molecules, change shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving door.
a)
Osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
pump
58.

Which type of transport does NOT require energy?

a)

osmosis

b)

passive transport

c)

diffusion

d)

All are correct

59.

The cell expands in __________ solution.

a)

hypotonic

b)

isotonic

c)

hypertonic

d)

super sonic

60.

Which process describes the movement large molecules into the cell?

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Passive Transport

d)

Diffusion

61.

Which is an example of an active passport?

a)

Sodium potassium pump using carrier protein

b)

Water pump using channel protein

c)

Sugar pump using carrier protein

d)

Diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer.

62.
Facilitated diffusion requires
a)
no energy
b)
energy
63.
Placing a cell containing 10% salt into a solution containing 7% salt will cause the cell to 
a)
shrink
b)
swell
c)
stay the same
64.
Placing a cell containing 10% salt  into a solution containing 15% salt will cause the cell to
a)
shrink
b)
 swell
c)
stay the same
65.
Moving from areas of LOW concentration to areas of HIGH concentration is called?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
66.
If the question asks about Osmosis, I will look for an answer about?
a)
Particles
b)
Salt
c)
Sugar
d)
Water
67.
My cells are in an Isotonic solution, and are in a constant internal environment.  What is this called?
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Respiration
c)
Evolution
d)
Diffusion
68.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
Water will move out of the cell
b)
Water will move into the cell
69.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
The water level will increase on the right side
b)
The water level will increase on the left side
c)
The water level on both sides will increase
d)
The water level on both sides will decrease
70.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
Water will move out of the cell
b)
Water will move into the cell
71.
Equal percentage of solutes inside and out. 
Concentration of substances is the same. 
a)
hypotonic
b)
isotonic
c)
nucleus
d)
hypertonic
72.
Particles are too large to enter the membrane.
Need help from channel proteins. No energy required.
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
osmosis
73.
Engulfs large molecules and moves them inside the membrane.
Uses energy.
a)
exocytosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
protein channel 
d)
diffusion
74.
Engulfing a large substance from the inside of the cell to move it outside of the cell. 
Uses energy. 
a)
exocytosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
photosynthesis
d)
diffusion
75.
Particles move from high concentrations to low concentrations.
Doesn't need energy
a)
passive transport
b)
facilitated transport
c)
active transport
d)
exocytosis
76.
Osmosis is the movement of 
a)
water from low to high concentration
b)
particles from low to high concentration
c)
water from high to low concentration
d)
particles from high to low concentration
77.

In the picture to the right, which area(s) represent(s) the hydrophobic part ( Non Polar) of the phospholipid membrane?

a)
Structure A
b)
Structure B
c)
Structures A & B
d)
Neither structure A or B
78.

What type of transport is shown in the image?

a)

Active transport because particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration

b)

Active transport because particles are moving from low concentration to high concentration

c)

Passive transport because particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration

d)

Passive transport because particles are moving from low concentration to high concentration

79.
What is another term for "selectively permeable"?
a)
porous
b)
completely permeable
c)
permanent
d)
semipermeable
80.

The cell below is in a _________ solution.( becomes smaller or shrinks)

a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
81.

The cell below is in a _____________ solution.( becomes bigger)

a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
82.

Select ALL types of passive transport.

a)

Simple Diffusion

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Endocytosis

e)

Sodium-Potassium Pump

83.
___________ form the two layers of the cell membrane. 
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
84.

S:

stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs

found in all eukaryotic cells

F:

sorts, packages, modifies, transports proteins made by the ribosomes + rough ER

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

nucleus

c)

vesicle

d)

chloroplast

85.

Which cell type contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

a)

eukaryote

b)

prokaryote

86.

Control center of the cell:

a)

ER

b)

Golgi Bodies

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Nucleus

87.

Name of this organelle structure.

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondria

c)

vacuole

d)

cytoplasm

e)

nucleus

88.

An organelle that transports and packages large molecules like complex carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

Sometimes called golgi body or golgi complex.

a)

Ribosome

b)

Golgi Reticulum

c)

Endoplasmic Apparatus

d)

Golgi Apparatus

89.

Which organelle belongs in plant cells only?

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Nucleus

90.

Which organelle belongs in plant cells only?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Nucleus

91.

Which organelle is #1 ( which protects and supports plant cell)?

a)

Vacuole

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Nucleus

92.

Endoplasmic reticulum is the site of

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

All the above

93.

how many types of ER are there?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

94.

Which of the following is the basic type of E.R. ?

a)

Rough E.R.

b)

Smooth E.R.

c)

Both of above

d)

None of above

95.
Organelle that makes proteins.  They may be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
a)
ribosomes
b)
lysosomes
c)
Golgi comples
d)
nucleosome
96.

Small protein filaments in the cytoplasm that give shape and support to a cell

a)

cell membrane

b)

cell wall

c)

vacuoles

d)

lysosomes

e)

cytoskeleton

97.

Stores materials in the cell like a closet

a)

vacuoles

b)

lysosomes

c)

Golgi bodies

d)

ribosomes

e)

mitochondria

98.

Helps remove wastes and damaged cell parts

a)

vacuoles

b)

chloroplasts

c)

ribosomes

d)

mitochondria

e)

lysosomes

99.

What type of cell is this? (check all that apply)

a)

plant

b)

animal

c)

prokaryote

d)

eukaryote

e)

bacteria

100.

Which of these would be considered a C4 Pathway plant?

a)

cactus

b)

sugar cane

c)

oak tree

d)

aglae

101.

Two features of anabolic reaction sequences are...

a)

Breakdown of molecules & requires energy

b)

Breakdown of molecules & Releases energy

c)

builds up molecules & releases energy

d)

builds up molecules & requires energy

102.

.


In the first stage of photosynthesis,

a)

carbon compounds are produced

b)

the Calvin cycle takes place

c)

sunlight is required to generate ATP

d)

carbon dioxide is utilized

103.

The waste product produced during the Krebs cycle is...

a)

Oxygen

b)

Water

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

ATP

104.

What answer choice best describes a reaction where no oxygen is present in the process?

a)

phosphorylation

b)

carbon fixation

c)

photorespiration

d)

aerobic respiration

e)

anaerobic respiration

105.

Breaking starch down into smaller maltose molecules is which type of reaction.

a)

a synthesis reaction

b)

a degradation reaction

106.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
107.

In order to increase the rate of reaction using an enzyme a scientist could.... (Choose all that apply)

a)

Increase the amount of substrate

b)

Decrease the temperature

c)

Increase the temperartue

d)

Introduce a competitive inhibitor

108.

Which enzyme functions best in acidic environments?

a)

neither enzyme

b)

Enzyme A

c)

Enzyme B

d)

Both enzymes

109.
Use the diagram to answer the question. Between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A and C
c)
B and C
d)
C and D
110.

At the end of this reaction, has energy been released or absorbed?

a)

Absorbed

b)

Released

c)

There is not enough information to tell.

d)

There is not change in the amount of energy in the system.

111.

The second law of Thermodynamics define

a)

Entropy

b)

Energy

c)

Enthalpy

d)

Heat

112.

How is ADP converted back to ATP?

a)

Phosphate group is removed.

b)

Phosphate group is added.

113.

A → B → C → D Enzyme B is inhibited. What happens to the concentration of C?

a)

C increases

b)

C decreases

c)

C stays the same

114.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but transferred or transformed…

a)

First law of thermodynamics

b)

Second law of thermodynamics

c)

Third law of thermodynamics

115.

This reaction is…

a)

Endergonic

b)

Exergonic

116.
Which type of reaction increases entropy?
a)
Endergonic
b)
Nonspontaneous
c)
Synthesis
d)
Exergonic
117.

Which of the following do not affect enzymes ability to function?

a)

pH

b)

substrate concentration

c)

temperature

d)

water

118.
Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. What is malonic acid's role with respect to succinate dehydrogenase?
a)
It is a competitive inhibitor.
b)
It is an allosteric regulator.
c)
It is able to bind to succinate.
d)
It blocks the binding of fumarate.
119.
If a process is spontaneous, what can be said about the Gibbs Free Energy of the process?
a)
ΔG is negative
b)
ΔG is positive
c)
ΔG is zero
120.
The place, other than the active site, where activators and inhibitors bind to an enzyme is called the ________ site.
a)
competitive
b)
allosteric
c)
alterior
d)
rate
121.
If a process is spontaneous, what can be said about the Gibbs Free Energy of the process?
a)
ΔG is negative
b)
ΔG is positive
c)
ΔG is zero
122.
Energy due to motion is ____________ energy. 
a)
Potential 
b)
Energy
c)
Kinetic
d)
Friction
123.
__________ is stored energy. 
a)
Potential
b)
Kinetic
c)
None of the above 
d)
All of the above 
124.

Molecules that bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:

a)

CoFactors

b)

Competitive Inhibitors

c)

Allosteric Inhibitors

125.

Which of the following is an enzyme?

a)

lactose

b)

adenosine

c)

protease

d)

phosphate

126.

Endergonic reactions require energy and are ___

a)

spontaneous (-ΔG)

b)

non-spontaneous (+ΔG)

c)

spontaneous (+ΔG)

d)

non-spontaneous (-ΔG)

127.

Photosynthesis synthesizes sugars. Overall, it is a(n) ___ reaction.

a)

catabolic

b)

anabolic

128.

regulator binds to the active site of an enzyme, blocking the substrate

a)

feedback inhibition

b)

competitive inhibition

c)

noncompetitive inhibition

129.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
130.
What kind of energy is represented in the picture?
a)
Thermal
b)
Chemical
c)
Sound
d)
Nuclear
131.
What letter represents the energy of the products?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
132.

Breaking starch down into smaller maltose molecules is which type of reaction.

a)

a synthesis reaction

b)

a degradation reaction

133.

Which color line represent a reaction with an enzyme present?

a)

Blue

b)

Red

c)

Both

d)

Neither

134.

You perform an enzyme-controlled reaction. Based on your results, which of the following is true?

a)

The enzyme works best when the pH is alkaline

b)

The enzyme was most active at pH 4.6

c)

The temperature must have increased and then decreased during the course of the experiment

d)

The salinity was altered during the experiment

135.
Which type of reaction increases entropy?
a)
Endergonic
b)
Nonspontaneous
c)
Synthesis
d)
Exergonic
136.

Which of the following do not affect enzymes ability to function?

a)

pH

b)

substrate concentration

c)

temperature

d)

water

137.
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
a)
the flight of an insect foraging for food
b)
the muscle contractions of a person mowing grass
c)
water rushing over Niagara Falls
d)
a molecule of glucose
138.

Which of the following would NOT denature an enzyme?

a)

HIGH temperature

b)

LOW pH

c)

HIGH pH

d)

LOW temperature

139.

Cellular respiration breaks down glucose. Overall, it is a(n) ___ reaction.

a)

catabolic

b)

anabolic

140.
What are the products (things that are made) in cellular respiration
a)
ATP
b)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c)
Water
d)
All of the above
141.

Which molecule enters Kreb's Cycle?

a)

CO2

b)

Glucose

c)

Acetyl CoA

142.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
ATPase
b)
ATP synthase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
none of the above
143.
Where does ETC occur?
a)
Mitochondrial matrix
b)
Outer mitochondrial membrane
c)
Inner mitochondrial membrane
d)
Cytosol
144.
During chemiosmosis
a)
H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor
b)
a concentration gradient is generated when H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
c)
energy is released as H+ ions move freely across the mitochondrial membrane
d)
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase
145.
What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?
a)
to produce ATP
b)
to produce electron donators
c)
to produce water
d)
to produce carbon dioxide
146.

What are the products of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

Pyruvate, water, ATP, NADH

b)

Acetyl CoA, NADH

c)

NADH, FADH2, carbon dioxide, ATP

d)

ATP, glucose

147.

When will lactic acid build up in animal cells?

a)

When there is excess carbon dioxide

b)

When the cells produce too much ATP

c)

When there is not enough oxygen to fuel the mitochondria

d)

When the cells need to remove excess oxygen to avoid damaging their components.

148.

The plasma membrane is best described as ___________ permeable.

a)

selectively permeable

b)

completely permeable

c)

impenetrable

d)

unimportant

149.

The majority of the plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of ______.

a)

phospholipids

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

cholesterol

150.

Select all that apply.

Plasma membranes are composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with ________, _________, and ________ embedded within.

a)

proteins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

DNA

d)

cholesterol

151.

What does A represent?

a)

hydrophilic phosphate heads

b)

hydrophobic phosphate heads

c)

membrane proteins

d)

cholesterol

152.

What does G represent?

a)

phosphlipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

membrane proteins

d)

cholesterol

153.

Passive transport does not require ______ input from the cell.

a)

energy

b)

matter

c)

reactant

d)

solute

154.

Passive movement of substances from high to low concentration.

a)

diffusion

b)

active transport

c)

hydrolysis

d)

endocytosis

155.

During diffusion, substances move from high to low concentrations, or

a)

down a concentration gradient.

b)

up a concentration gradient.

156.

_____________ diffusion can be used by the cell to move larger polar molecules and ions across the membrane.

a)

Facilitated

b)

Active

c)

Complex

d)

Emaciated

157.

Facilitated diffusion is an example of passive transport because

a)

substances move up a concentration gradient

b)

substances move from low to high concentration

c)

no energy is required

d)

the cell uses ATP in the process

158.

Diffusion will occur until ________ is reached and concentrations on both sides of the membrane are the same.

a)

equilibrium

b)

transport

c)

gravity

d)

solution

159.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is associated with defects in the CFTR protein found in the membrane. After being synthesized, where does it go to be modified, packaged, and sorted?

a)

Golgi Bodies

b)

Rough ER

c)

Smooth ER

d)

Lysosome

160.

The following data was collected by observing subcellular structures of three different types of cells. How can you determine these are eukaryotic cells?

a)

They have ribosomes

b)

They have membrane bound organelles

c)

They have DNA

d)

They have a plasma membrane

161.

The following data was collected by observing subcellular structures of three different types of eukaryotic cells. Identify a function of Cell X.

a)

Detoxification

b)

Secretion of Proteins

c)

Motility

d)

Storage

162.

The following data was collected by observing subcellular structures of three different types of eukaryotic cells. Identify a function of Cell Y.

a)

Detoxification

b)

Secretion of Proteins

c)

Motility

d)

Storage

163.

The following data was collected by observing subcellular structures of three different types of eukaryotic cells. Identify a function of Cell Z.

a)

Detoxification

b)

Secretion of Proteins

c)

Motility

d)

Storage

164.

Where is the mRNA (used for synthesis of proteins) made?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Rough ER

d)

Smooth ER

165.

Tay Sachs results from a build-up of fats due to an error in which organelle that is responsible for digesting macromolecules?

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Lysosome

d)

Golgi Bodies

166.

Which kind of cell is prokaryotic, may or may not have a cell wall, and has no membrane bound organelles?

a)

Animal

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Plant

167.

Select any substances that can simply diffuse through the cell membrane.

a)

Oxygen gas

b)

Sugar

c)

Charged ions

d)

Small

e)

Charged

168.

The diffusion of water through the cell membrane along its own concentration gradient is known as (a)   .

169.

Select all forms of cell transport that require ATP energy.

a)

Facilitated diffusion

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Active Transport

170.

This cell is experiencing which kind of situation?

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

171.

In this kind of situation, the *initial* concentration of water is greatest _____________ the cell.

a)

Inside of

b)

Outside of

172.

In this kind of situation, water will move _____ the cell, causing it to ___________.

a)

into, swell

b)

out of, swell

c)

into, shrink

d)

out of, shrink

173.

In this kind of situation, the solutes will move _____ the cell, causing it to ___________.

a)

into, swell

b)

out of, swell

c)

into, shrink

d)

out of, shrink

e)

TRICK QUESTION Dr. Halah You almost got me. I know the membrane is IMPERMEABLE to the solutes, so they stay while the WATER moves!

174.

Which organelle uses digestive enzymes to break down old cellular components and/or invading bacteria/virsus and recycles those components to other organelles for use in building new macromolecules?

a)

Gap junction

b)

Nucleus

c)

Golgi Body

d)

Lysosome

175.

Select all forms of passive transport below.

a)

Diffusion

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Exocytosis

e)

Osmosis

176.

During osmosis, water always moves from an area of ____ solute concentration to ____ solute concentration.

a)

high, high

b)

high, low

c)

low, low

d)

low, high

177.

Which substance would most easily pass through the cell membrane?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Glucose

c)

Sodium ions

d)

Water

178.

What is the role of ribosomes?

a)

To store genetic information.

b)

To produce glycolipids.

c)

To synthesize proteins.

d)

To hydrolyze waste materials.

179.

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what is likely to happen to it over time?

a)

The cell will swell, as water flows into the cell.

b)

The cell will not change, as it will be at dynamic equilibrium.

c)

The cell will lyse, as water bursts the cell.

d)

The cell will shrink, as water flows out of the cell.

180.

Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

b)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

c)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

d)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

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