the restoration of deteriorated urban areas by wealthier (mostly middle-income) people who move into,

renovate, and restore housing and sometimes businesses

displaces poorer residents

disregards the needs and interests of vulnerable groups

disregards lawful rights of vulnerable groups (e.g. coercion)

disproportionately improves quality of life

new employment opportunities

improved housing

improved infrastructure

increase in visitors/tourism

refers to the way governmental institutions are dispersed between many local

agencies including state, county, city and neighborhood levels

collaboratively to provide services and reduce common threats

or

competitively through taxation and/or land use decisions that can be harmful to an entire region

the idea that a city can meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet theirs in terms of economic, environmental and social impact

managing suburban sprawl, sanitation needs, climate change, air and water quality

standards, the ecological footprint of cities, and energy use

regional planning efforts, remediation and redevelopment of brownfields,

establishment of urban growth boundaries (e.g. greenbelts), and farmland protection policies

land use pattern meant for a small number of residential homes that include a lot of open space and

contain the fewest people per geographic unit

land use pattern in which residential units include multi-unit housing, such as townhomes as well

as single-unit housing

land use pattern in which land is occupied by residential units that include multi-unit housing such as

high-rise buildings and contain the highest people per geographic unit

reflect and shape the city’s culture, technological capabilities, cycles of

development, and infilling (development of vacant areas within existing urban areas)

affects economic development and social development

meeting human development goals while sustaining the natural systems that provide the natural

resources upon which the economy and society depend

classifying land and identifying the types of activities that are permitted

e.g. residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural

land development that blends a combination of residential, commercial, cultural, institutional and/or

industrial uses

a measure of how friendly an urban area is to walking

land use pattern that includes a mix of commercial, residential, office and

entertainment space centered around or located near public transport; dense, walkable, mixed use development near transit

that attracts people to connect communities

urban planning that avoids urban sprawl and focuses on long term implications with sustainable

design initiatives and guides development into more convenient patterns and into areas where infrastructure allows growth to

be sustained over the long term

smart growth policy that creates walk-able, mixed land use neighborhoods with commercial and residential

areas

an area of natural land on which building is restricted and whose main purpose is to curb the outward expansion

of a large urban area e.g. London

smart growth policies that concentrate growth in walkable urban centers to decrease sprawl

reduction of urban sprawl

improved walkability

improved transportation

improved and diverse housing options

improved livability

promotion of sustainable options

increased housing costs

de facto segregation

loss of historical character/place character

census and survey data provide information about changes in population composition and size

field studies and narratives provide information about individual attitudes toward urban change