WorksheetsNeurophysiology Midterm 1 Review
Total questions: 18
Worksheet time: 16mins
Which of the following ions have an INWARD concentration gradient rather than outward? (Assuming that the ion’s respective channels are opened) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Chloride (Cl-)
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the CNS. How is it removed from the synaptic cleft?
Astrocytes
Microglia
Diffusion
Reuptake to the presynaptic terminal
Which of these are secondary vesicles? (select all that apply)
Metencephalon
Prosencephalon
Telencephalon
Myelencephalon
Diancephalon
Can another action potential occur during the relative refractory period (hyperpolarization / undershoot)?
This is a trick question, because there’s only absolute refractory period, and there is no such thing as relative refractory period.
No, because no amount of stimulation can trigger an action potential due to sodium voltage channels being inactivated.
Yes, because the sodium voltage channels are no longer inactivated during this time and can be activated, but a stronger stimulus will be required to stimulate an action potential
Yes, because the potassium voltage channels are no longer open during this time, so the K+ ions cannot move outside of the cell; therefore, preventing hyperpolarization.
Yes, but a stronger stimulus will be required to stimulate an action potential, because the membrane potential is more positive than the resting membrane potential during this time.
What part of the neuron "integrates signals"?
Axon
Soma (cell body)
Axon terminal
Dendrites
The pictured vesicles are round and electron lucent. What is the most likely neurotransmitter contained in this type of synapse vesicle?
Inhibitiory
Acetylcholine
GABA
Catecholamines
What percentage of signal is lost 200 microns from the axon hillock?
86
13
63
37
Which type of Axonal transport is the fastest?
Retrograde small particles
Retrograde large particles
Dissolved Substances
Orthograde Large Particles
The decarboxylation of Glutamate forms what neurotransmitter?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Substance P
Glycine
Norepinephrine
The neural ______ gives rise to the PNS
Crest
Basal Plate
Tube
Alar Plate
Which of the following causes the repolarization phase of action potential? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Sodium channels rapidly open, which increases Na+ permeability and causes Na+ influx
Sodium channels close and inactivate, which decreases Na+ permeability and prevents Na+ influx
Potassium channels remain closed at this time, and only the sodium channels are involved in the repolarization phase
Potassium channels slowly open, which increase K+ permeability and causes K+ efflux
Potassium channels slowly open, which increase K+ permeability and causes K+ influx
Lack of Dopamine produced by the substantia nigra is resultant in what disorder?
Myasthenia Gravis
Coloboma
Parkinson's
Cerebral palsy
The central cavities in the developing brain eventually turn into which structures?
(a)
Which of the following does NOT occur during week 5 of development?
Optic vesicle folds on itself and becomes the optic cup.
The fetal fissure forms inferiorly
Formation of the lens vesicle
Formation of the cornea from surface ectoderm
Which of the following flexures forms a 90 degree bend and which structures is it between?
Cervical, brainstem and cerebrum
Cephalic, rhombencephalon and SC
Pontine, myelencephalon and metencephalon
Cephalic, brainstem and cerebrum
Which of the following equations are used to calculate equilibrium potential for each specific ion based on its concentration gradient?
Goldman’s equation
Nernst’s equation
Faraday’s equation
Ramon Cajal’s equation
VDP’s equation
Which of these Glial cells is not found in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Satellite cells
Soup's BONUS:
You graduated from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, and decided to challenge yourself by enrolling in the infamous Neurophysiology course at SCCO. You’ve learned A LOT about membrane potentials over the past 3 weeks, so now, you are eager to show off your knowledge to Dr. Khankan!
You cast the freezing charm “Immobulus” on a neuron, which causes the entire neuronal cell and its cellular activities to be FROZEN. You now stick a voltmeter (an instrument used to measure the membrane potential) into a random portion of the axon of the frozen neuron! Dr. Khankan reads the voltmeter and claims that the frozen neuron is currently in its hyperpolarization phase of action potential. How could she possibly know that the neuron is currently hyperpolarized?
The voltmeter reads “-70 mV”
The voltmeter reads “+60 mV”
The voltmeter reads “-90 mV”
The voltmeter reads “-50 mV”
Dr. Khankan is probably using magic too, because there’s no way anyone could know that!
