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Radiology (Cuban Guide)

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

All of the following are types of electromagnetic radiation EXCEPT one. Which is the

exception?

a)

a. X-rays

b)

b. Electrons

c)

c. Radar waves

d)

d. Microwaves

2.

2. Choose the two items that influence the mean energy of an X-ray beam.

a)

a. Kilovoltage

b)

b. Milliamperage

c)

c. Amount of filtration

d)

d. Rectangular collimation

e)

e. Quantity of electrons in the tube current

3.

3. The filament functions to:

a)

a. release photons.

b)

b. release electrons.

c)

c. convert electrons into photons

d)

d. convert photons into electrons.

e)

e. None of the above answers is correct

4.

4. The term ALARA stands for:

a)

a. optimizing image quality.

b)

b. an algorithm for limiting patient exposure.

c)

c. reducing the costs of radiographic examinations.

d)

d. reducing patient exposure to as low as is reasonably achievable.

e)

e. a legal requirement to optimize occupational exposure in dental radiology.

5.

5. X-ray film is composed of:

a)

a. fluorescent particles that react to X-radiation.

b)

b. sodium thiosulphate crystals suspended within a plastic base.

c)

c. a plastic base coated with silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin.

d)

d. silver halide crystals suspended in plastic and coated on a gelatin base.

6.

6. It is generally desirable that X-ray films be all of the following except:

a)

a. high speed.

b)

b. fine grain size

c)

c. sensitive to visible light

d)

d. coated with emulsion on both sides.

7.

7. You are unsure of the location of an opaque mass superimposed over the root of a mandibular premolar. A second view of the same region, made with the tubehead oriented more from the mesial, reveals that the object has moved mesially with respect to the premolar root as compared to the first radiograph. The object is located:

a)

a. buccal to the premolar root.

b)

b. lingual to the premolar root

c)

c. in the same buccal-lingual orientation as the premolar root.

d)

d. There is insufficient information to answer the question.

8.

8. The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed:

a)

a. the rad.

b)

b. the rem.

c)

c. the gray.

d)

d. the roentgen

e)

e. coulombs per kilogram.

9.

9. If after development, a radiograph is too light, it may be an indication that:

a)

a. the exposure time was too long.

b)

b. the fixer solution needs changing.

c)

c. the developer solution was too hot.

d)

d. the film was not sufficiently washed

e)

e. the developer solution needs changing.

10.

10. If an unwrapped, nonprocessed X-ray film is exposed to normal light for one second and then processed, it:

a)

a. will be completely clear.

b)

b. will be completely black.

c)

c. may still be used but will have a brown tint.

d)

d. may still be used but will show a decrease in density.

e)

e. may still be used but will show an increase in density.

11.

11. Radiographs of the pregnant patient:

a)

a. cause fetal injury.

b)

b. should never be made

c)

. c. should be made when there is a specific need.

d)

d. should only be made with certain precautions such as placing triple leaded aprons on the mother's lap.

12.

12. A variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed is termed:

a)

a. sharpness.

b)

b. distortion.

c)

c. resolution.

d)

d. magnification.

13.

13. The radiosensitivity of cells is dependent on:

a)

a. mitotic activity.

b)

b. cell metabolism.

c)

c. degree of cell differentiation.

d)

d. All of the above answers are correct

14.

14. Rectangular collimation is recommended because it:

a)

a. increases film density.

b)

b. increases film contrast.

c)

c. decreases patient dose

d)

. deflects scatter radiation.

15.

15. It is acceptable for the operator to hold the fllm in a patient's mouth if:

a)

a. the patient is a child.

b)

b. the patient has a handicap.

c)

c. no film holder is available

d)

d. the patient or parent grants permission

e)

e. It is never acceptable for the operator to hold the film during exposure.

16.

16. Excessive vertical angulation causes:

a)

a. elongation.

b)

b. overlapping

c)

c. cone-cutting.

d)

d. foreshortening.

17.

17. All of the following are methods used to obtain the most geometrically accurate image EXCEPT one. Which is the exception?

a)

a. The film should be parallel to the object.

b)

b. The target-to-fllm distance should be long.

c)

c. The object-to-fllm distance should be short.

d)

d. The central ray should be parallel to the object

e)

e. The central ray should be perpendicular to the film.

18.

18. The size of the x-ray tube focal spot influences radiographic (choose the two correct answers):

a)

a. density.

b)

b. contrast.

c)

c. resolution.

d)

d. magnification.

19.

19. The primary function of the developer is to:

a)

a. remove exposed silver halide crystals.

b)

b. remove unexposed silver halide crystals

c)

c. reduce solid silver grains to specks of silver halide.

d)

d. reduce crystals of silver halide to solid silver grains.

20.

20. Which of the following could be done to correct a radiograph that is too dark after proper development

a)

a. Increase milliamperage

b)

b. Decrease exposure time

c)

c. Place it back in the fixer

d)

d. Decrease development time e. Place it back in the developer

21.

21. Occlusal radiographs are useful for all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the

exception?

a)

a. For images of the TMJ

b)

b. When the patient has trismus

c)

c. When floor of the mouth sialoliths are present

d)

d. For displaying large segments of the mandibular arch

e)

e. When there is buccal-lingual expansion of the mandible

22.

22. When taking extraoral radiographs, double intensifying screens and screen films are used

to reduce:

a)

a. density.

b)

b. contrast.

c)

c. exposure time.

d)

d. secondary radiation.

e)

e. target-to-skin distance.

23.

23. Which of the following cells is least radiosensitive?

a)

a. Red blood cells

b)

b. Reproductive cells

c)

c. Immature bone

d)

d. White blood cells

e)

e. Skeletal muscle cells

24.

24. A long cone is used in the paralleling or right-angle radiographic technique to:

a)

a. reduce secondary radiation.

b)

b. avoid distortion of image shape.

c)

c. reduce magnification of the image

d)

d. avoid superimposition of anatomic structures.

e)

e. facilitate correct vertical angulation of the cone.

25.

25. Increasing killivoltage peak (kVp) will cause:

a)

a. a decrease in density; the film appears darker.

b)

b. a decrease in density; the film appears lighter.

c)

c. an increase in density; the film appears darker.

d)

d. an increase in density; the film appears lighter.

e)

e. None of the above is correct, as kVp affects contrast.

26.

26. Which one of the following factors would result in a dark radiograph?

a)

a. The exposure time was too long.

b)

b. The developing solution was too cold.

c)

c. The developing time was not long enough.

d)

d. The films used were beyond the expiration date.

27.

27. Identify the cause of white spots on a processed radiograph.

a)

a. Processing solutions are too warm.

b)

b. Fixer contacts film prior to processing.

c)

c. Developer contacts film prior to processing.

d)

d. Static electricity created with opening of film packet.

28.

28. All of the following are characteristics of X-rays EXCEPT one. Which is the exception?

a)

a. X-rays have a wavelength.

b)

b. X-rays can cause ionization.

c)

c. X-rays travel at the speed of sound.

d)

D. X-rays can produce an image on photographic ftlm.

29.

29. The length of the position-indicating device is changed from 16 inches to 8 inches. This

change will result in the intensity of the X-ray beam to be:

a)

a. half as intense.

b)

b. twice as intense.

c)

c. four times as intense.

d)

d. one-fourth as intense.

30.

30. The imaginary line that passes from the top of the ear canal to the bottom of the eye is

the:

a)

a. occlusal plane.

b)

b. vertebral plane.

c)

c. Frankfort plane.

d)

d. midsagittal plane.

31.

31. The lead foil sheet in a film packet acts to:

a)

a. protect the film from saliva.

b)

b. protect the film from scatter radiation.

c)

c. protect the film from primary radiation.

d)

d. distinguish between the patient's right and left sides.

32.

32. The latent period in radiation biology is the time between:

a)

a. exposure and cell mitosis.

b)

b. subsequent doses of radiation.

c)

c. exposure of film and development.

d)

d. exposure to X-radiation and clinical symptoms.

e)

e. None of the above answers is correct.

33.

33. In manual film processing, the optimal time and temperature for the developer solution

IS:

a)

a. 3 minutes at 5 5° F

b)

b. 5 minutes at 55° F

c)

c. 5 minutes at 68° F

d)

d. 10 minutes at 68° F

34.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

34. Genial tubercles.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

35.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered

radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

35. Nasal septum.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

36.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered

radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

36. Mylohyoid ridge.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

37.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered

radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

37. Maxillary tuberosity.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

38.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered

radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

38. Mental fossa.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

39.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered

radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

39. Mandibular canal.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

40.

For each of the structures listed, please indicate if it is considered

radiolucent or radiopaque when viewed on a dental radiograph.

40. Anterior nasal spine.

a)

a. Radiolucent

b)

b. Radiopaque

41.

1. Identify the source of electrons used for the production ofx-rays:

a)

a. tungsten filament

b)

b. molybdenum cup

c)

c. tungsten target

d)

d. copper stem

42.

2. The generation ofx-radiation occurs:

a)

a. in the copper stem

b)

b. in the focusing cup

c)

c. at the tungsten target

d)

d. at the cathode

43.

3. Increasing the rnA will cause:

a)

a. an increase in density; the film appears darker

b)

b. an increase in density; the film appears lighter

c)

c. a decrease in density; the film appears darker

d)

d. a decrease in density; the film appears lighter

44.

4. Choose the answer that best describes long scale contrast:

a)

a. also known as high contrast, seeing many blacks and whites

b)

b. the type of contrast preferred for the diagnosis of interproximal caries

c)

c. also known as low contrast, seeing many shades of gray

d)

d. produced with low kVp settings

45.

5. All of the following are indirect effects of radiation except:

a)

a. direct alteration of molecules

b)

b. production of free radicals

c)

c. ionization

d)

d. radio lysis of water

46.

6. A free radical:

a)

a. is an uncharged molecule

b)

b. is reactive and unstable

c)

c. combines with molecules to form toxins

d)

d. all of the above

47.

7. Which of the following most greatly reduces patient dose to radiation?

a)

a. film speed

b)

b. good operator technique

c)

c. proper filtration

d)

d. use of the lead apron

48.

8. Increasing the time and rnA settings on the exposure panel will:

a)

a. increase the quality of radiation produced

b)

b. increase the quantity of radiation produced

c)

c. decrease the quality of radiation produced

d)

d. decrease the quantity of radiation produced

49.

9. Identify the most radiation-sensitive portion of the cell:

a)

a. cell membrane

b)

b. cytoplasm

c)

c. nucleus

d)

d. organelles

50.

10. Which of the following errors would contribute to a light film:

a)

a. film was exposed to light

b)

b. film was exposed backwards

c)

c. film was contaminated with developer

d)

d. all of the above

51.

11 . The "inverted Y" represents the intersection of the nasal cavity and the:

a)

a. canine fossa

b)

b. maxillary sinus

c)

c. zygomatic process

d)

d. zygoma

52.

12. You notice a horizontal, radiopacity superior to the maxillary teeth on your

patient's panoramic radiograph. This radiopaque structure is the:

a)

a. tongue

b)

b. palatoglossal air space

c)

c. hard palate

d)

d. coronoid process

53.

13. After manual processing a radiograph, you notice light, whiter spots on the film.

This error is due to contamination with:

a)

a. fixer solution

b)

b. water

c)

c. developer solution

d)

d. a orb

54.

14. A radiograph was exposed using too much vertical angulation. The resultant

image will be:

a)

a. foreshortened

b)

b. elongated

c)

c. overlapped

d)

d. very dark

55.

15. From the following, choose the cell that is most sensitive to radiation:

a)

a. bone marrow

b)

b. heart tissue

c)

c. lung tissue

d)

d. skeletal muscle

56.

16. From the following, choose the cell that is least sensitive to radiation:

a)

a. reproductive tissues

b)

b. intestines

c)

c. nerve tissue

d)

d. mucous membranes

57.

17. Dental radiographic machines using settings of 70 kVp or greater are required to

operate with a minimum of:

a)

a. 1.0 mm aluminum filtration

b)

b. 1.5 mm aluminum filtration

c)

c. 2.0 mm aluminum filtration

d)

d. 2.5 mm aluminum filtration

58.

18. Your patient's mandibular first molar has been treated by the endodontist. The

pulp canal is filled with a slightly radiopaque material. Identify this restorative

material:

a)

a. silver points

b)

b. gutta percha

c)

c. composite

d)

d. silicates

59.

19. Which of the following is used to reduce the size and shape of the x-ray beam:

a)

a. fast film

b)

b. film-holding device

c)

c. lead diaphragm

d)

d. aluminum filtration

60.

20. Which of the following reduces operator exposure to excess radiation:

a)

a. fast film

b)

b. distance

c)

c. film-holding devices

d)

d. proper filtration

61.

21. As you go from "D" speed film to "E" speed film, the exposure time should be

approximately:

a)

a. doubled

b)

b. halved

c)

c. remain the same

d)

d. cut to one-fourth of the original time

62.

22. X-rays are generated when a stream of electrons traveling from one side of an x-ray tube is suddenly stopped by its impact on the:

a)

a. filament cup

b)

b. tungsten target of the anode

c)

c. tungsten target of the cathode

d)

d. none of the above

63.

23. Which of the following reduces the number of low energy x-rays (long

wavelengths) in the beam:

a)

a. collimation

b)

b. aluminum filtration

c)

c. milliamperage

d)

d. kilovoltage

64.

24. If a dental hygienist received a dose of 3 rads standing 6 feet from the source of radiation, how much radiation would they receive during the same exposure

standing 3 feet away:

a)

a. I rad

b)

b. 3 rads

c)

c. 9 rads

d)

d. 12 rads

65.

25. Image magnification results from decreased:

a)

a. target size

b)

b. target-to-film distance

c)

c. object-to-film distance

d)

d. none of the above

66.

26. A bite-wing radiograph is exposed properly using a time of 1.0 second and a PID of 8 inches. What time would be needed if the PID was changed to 16 inches:

a)

a. Y2 second

b)

b. second

c)

c. 2 seconds

d)

d. 4 seconds

67.

27. Increasing the distance from the x-ray source gives increased protection because x-radiation:

a)

a. weakens easily

b)

b. is absorbed by air

c)

c. loses speed with distance

d)

d. loses intensity with distance

68.

28. The diameter of the useful beam at the end of the PID should not exceed:

a)

a. 1.5 inches

b)

b. 2.0 inches

c)

c. 2.75 inches

d)

d. 3.5 inches

69.

29. An early clinical sign of excessive exposure to radiation is:

a)

a. jaundice

b)

b. erythema

c)

c. bleeding

d)

d. hair loss

70.

30. Radiographs left in fresh fixer solution for a long period of time:

a)

a. become discolored

b)

b. decrease in density

c)

c. increase in density

d)

d. display streaked images

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