The inner layer of the kidneys housing the deeper nephron loops and collecting tubules that deliver urine to the center.

The act of drawing urea out of the collecting duct, to draw water out of the nephron loop, only to put that urea back in the filtrate a few steps back.

The nephron structure that consist of a ball of blood capillaries and the surrounding tube that is the start of the nephron.

The proximal end of the neuron tube that surrounds the ball of blood capillaries.

The first part of the nephron tubule, it uses active transport to reabsorb sodium and chloride irons, sugars, and water from the filtrate.

The ball of blood capillaries in each nephron of a kidney where bulk filtration occurs.

Meaning "behind the abdominal cavity", this term describes organs like the kidneys that lie posterior to the abdomen serous membrane.

The final part of the nephron tubule that does some final reabsorption and excretion, and carries urine to the collecting duct.

The functional unit within a kidney.

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

The compound made from nitrogenous metabolic wastes that the kidneys are responsible for filtering out.

The organ lined with transitional epithelium, that stores urine produced in the kidneys until it can be excreted.

The funnel-shaped tube at the centre of the kidneys that delivers urine to the exit.

The outermost layer of the kidneys housing the glomeruli and convoluted tubules of every nephron.

The part of the nephron tubule that dips into the renal medulla, and returns to the renal cortex, actively removing salts from the filtrate to build up a concentration gradient.

The organ primarily responsible for filtering toxins out of the blood, regulating water, salt, and pH in the blood, and for making urine.