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WorksheetsESOL Praxis Practice Test (2023)
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 3600secs
Which of the following is a clause?
After several meetings about the situation
Although she cannot be there on Monday
In addition to his academic career
The next speaker on the agenda
Makoto, a high school ELL, was in the school hallway speaking to his peers using an informal register with a good deal of slang. When Ms. Richards, his math teacher, approached him while he was with his friends, Makoto immediately spoke to her in a highly formal register. This is an example of
back-channeling
convergence
self-repair
feedback
Which of the following activities most effectively uses technology to provide writing practice in English in an intermediate ESL classroom?
Having students correspond by e-mail with a pen pal whose native language is English.
Having students use a computer to copy English sentences from a textbook.
Having students use a software program that displays direct translations from the ELL's native language.
Having students write basic directions in English for using a computer program.
In daily lessons, Ms. Peterson, an ESL teacher, uses vocabulary words and sentence structures that her students have seen before. Additionally, she incorporates words and structures that they have not yet studied. Ms. Peterson is using the concept of
comprehensible input
natural order
positive transfer
self-monitoring
The student's explanation of manubrio is an example of
instrumental motivation
communication strategy
an idiomatic expression
a dialectic difference
The passage contains an example of which of the following language features?
code-switching
hypercorrection
language loss
extralinguistic context
A middle school beginning ESL classroom receiving a number of ELLs, some of whom have interrupted formal education in their L1. Which of the following would be MOST useful to the students in their first lessons.
Asking students to read aloud.
Assigning additional homework.
Introducing commonly used vocabulary.
Focusing on English grammar rules.
In the first half of the twentieth century, many school districts in the United States sought to Americanize ELLs and made no special accommodations for their linguistic and cultural differences. This practice reflects a policy of
assimilation
acculturation
accommodation
encapsulation
Ms. Lee uses a fill-in-the-blank grammar test to assess her ELLs' knowledge of verb tenses. Which of the following terms best describes this type of testing?
objective
portfolio
subjective
holistic
Which assignment presents discrete practice in forming compound and complex sentences?
Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition.
Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, and finally.
Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car.
Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
Which assignment would rely most on student's recognition of a topic sentence and supporting ideas?
Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition.
Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, and finally.
Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car.
Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
Which assignment integrates at least three of the following: reading, writing, listening, and speaking?
Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition.
Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, and finally.
Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car.
Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
Which assignment is an example of process writing?
Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition.
Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, and finally.
Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car.
Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
Consider the following sentence:"Do you know the geographic location of the North and South Poles?
Which of the following best represents the primary stress pattern a native speaker of standard American English would use in pronouncing the word "geographic"?
One feature of a two-way immersion program is that it promotes
A subtractive bilingualism
sheltered content instruction
additive bilingualism
immersion in English
A sixth-grade science teacher is planning on assessing a students' knowledge of a topic that they have studied for two weeks. The goal of the assessment is to evaluate how well the students can identify the parts of a flower. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the teacher to adapt the assessment for the beginning-level ELLs in the class?
Showing the ELLs a short film about the parts of a flower and asking them to summarize what they remember from the film.
Having the ELLs use a word wall to write a description of each flower part in their own words
Asking the ELLs to draw a diagram of the flower and use the internet to search for the flower parts so that they can label them
Providing the ELLs with an image of a flower and having them point to specific flower parts that the teacher says aloud with the assistance of a word bank
The study of how language relates to the habits, customs, and needs of a community is called
semantics
sociolinguistics
psycholinguistics
phonology
(Praxis failed to provide the context to this quesion)
It appears there was a nonverbal conflict between two students' varying cultural beliefs.
How do you handle misunderstanding of cultural differences?
Having the students write a journal entry about the negative effects of different cultures.
Gently pulling Maria aside and asking her not to sit with her feet pointed at anyone while she is in school
Having a class discussion about what is considered appropriate and inappropriate behavior in the student's home cultures
Encouraging Aran to independently resolve his issue with Maria so that she will learn through personal experience
A high school student exited in June from a school's ESL program. Now, in the beginning of the following school year, she has been placed in a mainstream English class. Her teacher wants the ESL teacher's advice on how to help the student read the many challenging novels that the class will be assigned in the coming year. Which of the following would be the best response by the ESL teacher?
Suggest that the teacher "chunk" each novel into manageable sections that have a logical
Advise the teacher to consider selecting similar texts of the same genre for the student to read while her classmates read the regularly assigned texts
Suggest that the teacher find adapted versions of the original novels so that the student will be able to understand the main ideas of the story and participate with her classmates on projects and activities
Advise the teacher to set aside time before and after school to help the student read through the novel and to check comprehension
An ESL teacher who is teaching students to understand and use certain rhetorical patterns in their writing is most likely to prepare a writing assignment that asks students to
Compare life in the twentieth century with life in the nineteenth century
Change the time frame of a written passage from past tense to present tense
Write down all of the free associations that a particular term or concept triggers
Practice skills such as skimming, paraphrasing, and summarizing using familiar reading passages
Which of the following words contain a digraph?
cushion
hardly
taxi
represent
Students in an ESL class must each make a presentation to the class on a topic they have researched. The teacher assess these presentation using a rubric that includes both content and language. This is an example of which type of assessment?
technology based
strategy based
performance based
fact based
1. Studying is important!
2. She has been studying for the test.
3. Will she be studying next week?
4. She could have studied last week.
Which two of the sentences contain modal auxiliaries?
Sentences 1 and 2
Sentences 1 and 4
Sentences 2 and 4
Sentences 3 and 4
1. Studying is important!
2. She has been studying for the test.
3. Will she be studying next week?
4. She could have studied last week.
Which sentence contains a gerund?
Sentences 1
Sentences 2
Sentences 3
Sentences 4
Which of the following statements best reflects the sociocultural perspective on language acquisition?
Language learners acquire the target language more quickly through a large amount of exposure.
Language learners acquire language features in a predictable and systemized sequence.
Language learning takes place when learners interact with more knowledgable people within their zone of proximal development
Language learning is more successful if a teacher chooses inductive, rather than deductive, methods of instruction.
Cara arrived in the United States at the age of 15 with no knowledge of English. She only speaks Spanish at home and lives in a predominantly Spanish-speaking community. Today, at 18 years old, Cara still struggles to make progress with her English. Despite spending the past three years in an ESL class in high school, she still makes the same small grammar mistakes, though they do not affect her ability to communicate. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Cara's situation.
negative feedback
fossilization
culture shock
instrumental motivation
A teacher making accommodations for the ELLs in her class must take care that
Directions for every test section are read aloud to the ELLs
ELLS are assessed on the same construct as their non-ELL counterparts
Extra time is provided for ELLs who have been exposed to the L2 for a limited period
Assessments are modified to include an appropriate number of high-frequency words
Which of the following words ends with a voiceless sound?
please
badge
cab
looks
Listen to the student talk about a school in the United States:
Usually in Mexico the people used to think that, you know, the schools, like you saw in the movies, so I come here and I'm like, OK, it's a little different.
In this speech sample, the speaker switches between the
past perfect and present perfect tenses
present continuous and simple present tenses
simple past and simple present tenses
present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses
Which of the following approaches is based on the assumption that language consists of meaningful chunks that, when combined, produce fluent coherent speech, and that only a minority of spoken sentences are entirely novel creations.
The lexical approach
The whole language approach
The universal grammar approach
The language experience approach
After a silent period of about three months, a beginning second-grade ESL student is starting to use language skills to communicate in English. The student stutters, and although the teacher is able to understand him, his classmate have difficulty understanding him. However, at recess, he seems to play and talk easily with his friends in his L1. Which of the following would be the best action for the teacher to take?
Refer the student to a. speech therapist at the school and suggest speech lessons in English
Avoid calling on the student in class so that he will not be embarrassed by his stuttering, to allow him more time to become comfortable with speaking English.
Find out from the student's parents whether the student stutters in his native language, so that the speech therapist can help him if so.
Call on the student more so that he will have more opportunities to overcome his stuttering and become more comfortable speaking in front of others.
Ms. Pamina is an ESL teacher at and elementary school. She is demonstrating the social interactionist perspective when she
models techniques such as think aloud and encourages students to analyze their cognitive processes in problem-solving
provides opportunities for students to negotiate meaning through active communication
creates activities that require students to respond using physical reactions and body language to communicate
implements computer programs for students to engage in grammar and reading comprehension activities
An intermediate-level ESL class has just finished reading an article online. The teacher assigns an essay in which the students are asked to take a stand on the issue presented in the article and provide data to support their opinion. Which rhetorical mode should students use in their essays?
description
exposition
argumentation
narration
ESL pullout programs are most often found in school districts where
there are equal numbers of ELL and native English speakers, and multiple ESL teachers are placed in a single school
there are small numbers of ELLs in each school, and ESL teachers frequently travel from school to school
ESL teachers are bilingual, and the language of instruction for beginning students is the students' native language
ELLs follow the regular curriculum, and the language level of instruction is adapted to the proficiency levels of the students
Mr. Garcia, a high school ESL teacher, designed a test for the purpose of assessing the general English language proficiency of the ELLs in the school. However, some of the ELLs have complained that the test contains questions that require the use of math skills to answer correctly. It is therefore possible that Mr. Garcia's test lacks
reliability
ratability
subjectivity
validity
Mr. Johnson is an ESL middle school teacher who views language as a complex collection of grammatical rules that are to be learned in a set order. For example, in his beginner ESL class, he asks the students to practice and use "to be" in a present tense before introducing the present continuous tense of "to be" with the auxiliary verb. Mr. Johnson is most likelt following the
functional-notional syllabus
structural approach
direct method
natural approach
Consider the use of verb tense in the following except oral discourse.
1. So I was walking home.
2. I heard a noise in the woods next to the path.
3. Suddenly, I see this huge deer and lots of little fawns!
4. I get real close, but they notice me.
5. They ran away before I could count them all.
Uses the historical present to convey immediacy and urgency.
Uses the backgrounding present to express general information.
Changes tense to mark the contrast between the main story and an aside.
Changes tense to distinguish the narrative story line from the reported speech.
Ms. Arnold's ESOL class contains many ELLs who arrived in the US within the past year. She is currently working with them on the information and use of the present tense and basic adjectives. To assess the students' progress, Ms. Arnold distributes a picture prompt of a Fourth of July celebration and asks students to write three sentences about it using the present tense and descriptive language. After collecting the assessment, Ms. Arnold notices that many of the ELLs were unable to complete it, even though they had successfully participated in lessons leading up to the assessment. Which of the following most likely explains why the ELLs were unable to complete the assessment?
The assessment contains a cultural bias
The assessment does not allow the ELLs to demonstrate knowledge in the L1
The assessment only accommodates a visual learning style
The assessment requires the ELLs to concentrate on two tasks
Which of the following is an example of a compound noun?
nameless
scarecrow
impeached
phonograph
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
Which activity incorporates all four aspects of listening, speaking, reading, and writing?
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teaching her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
Which activity practices oral skills through a cloze activity?
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
Which activity is characteristic of a Total Physical Response approach to language instruction?
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
Which activity provides practice sequencing information?
A. An ESL teacher is teaching her students to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step instructions.
B. An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
C. An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
D. An ESL teacher is teacher her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
An ESL teacher asks students to form small groups and talk about their home languages and cultures. The teachers is actively involved, moving from group to group to listen to the students. This activity will most likely result in which of the following?
The students will achieve a better understanding of the L2 culture.
The students will experience cultural assimilation.
The students will gain a sense of cultural pride and self-esteem.
The students will overcome their feelings of shyness.
A sociolinguist would be most interested in studying
the formal rules of language that characterize syntax and grammar
the cognitive processes that a speaker performs during communication
language changes and the relation of languages to each other in a historical context
pragmatic rules for languages, including norms for register and nonverbal communication
A student who pronounces the word "sport" as [e sport] is attempting to simplify a consonant cluster through
coarticulation
metathesis
epenthesis
deletion
It is beneficial for ESL teachers to include lessons about cultural norms and customs of various countries into an ESOL classroom because
the relationship between language and culture is deeply rooted
ELLs will have their affective filters lowered
linguistic proficiency follows cultural proficiency
ELLs will be able to assimilate more easily
A psycholinguistic approach to language acquisition would suggest that the rate of acquisition depends largely on
the learner's social distance from the target language group
the number of contact hours the learner spends engaging in formal language learning
the extent and quality of linguistic input during the critical period
the degree and structural similarity between the learner's L1 and the target audience
Listen to the student talk about food in her country.
"No, it's ilke flour and meats <vegetables>, it's like the same thing Mongolia."
Which of the following consonant sounds does the speaker substitute for the [v] sound in the <---> word?
[b]
[f]
[w]
[p]
Ms. Chianese is an ESL teacher with a group of highly motivated ELLs at the low-intermediate level of proficiency. During reading class, her students are so interested in understanding texts and building their vocabulary that they frequently consult bilingual dictionaries to find the meaning of unknown words.
Since Ms. Chianese's students are motivated to read, in subsequent lessons she should
concentrate on activities that increase reading fluency
focus on word lists of high-frequency vocabulary words
focus on grammatical structures embedded in the test
shift her lessons to concentrate on writing
Ms. Chianese is an ESL teacher with a group of highly motivated ELLs at the low-intermediate level of proficiency. During reading class, her students are so interested in understanding texts and building their vocabulary that they frequently consult bilingual dictionaries to find the meaning of unknown words.
Which of the following teaching practices would be the best approach to Ms. Chianese to take to increase the students' reading skills and vocabulary?
Having students predict what vocabulary words they will encounter in the text.
Providing students with opportunities to use context to determine meanings of unknown words
Selecting the words students most want to learn and using dictionaries to determine meaning.
Asking students to scan the text for unknown words before reading.
Ms. Solonick is a third-grade teacher with a small group of intermediate proficiency level ELLs in her class. It is now the middle of the year, and Ms. Solonick is concerned that during classroom discussions the ELLs rarely participate. When she asks questions in class, the ELLs rarely respond, even when she is sure that they know the answer. What is the most likely reason the ELLs' unwillingness to participate or to respond to Ms. Solonick's questions?
The ELLs are undergoing a period of acculturation.
The ELLs are experiencing an extended silent period.
The ELLs come from a teacher-centered school system.
The ELLs are not interested in the topic of instruction.
A science class of seventh and eighth-grade ELLs at the intermediate level of proficiency is about to begin a four-week study of Earth formations that incorporates a listening activity. After the teacher states the purpose of the listening activity, the first step the teacher should take to develop the students' aural comprehension is to
introduce special terminology in a class discussion
provide students with a written version of the materials on Earth formations
provide students with the material in their home languages for them to study individually
require students to take notes in English as they listen
In a high school ESL class, a beginning-level ELL relates a personal narrative to the teacher. The teacher writes the student's exact words down, and there is no error correction in this process. Formal correction can be completed at later stages.
This method of integrating listening, speaking, reading, and writing is called
language experience approach
functional-notional approach
audio-lingual method
direct method
In a student-centered class, which of the following activities would best motivate second-grade ESL students and help them engage in learning English?
Having the students list learning objectives that will help them become more proficient in English
Telling the students the ways in which knowing English is helpful for their future
Talking to students about why people immigrate to other countries
Having the students talk about their families in English using puppets
An ESL proficiency test is intended by definition primarily to provide
a summary of learning after a specified unit of instruction
information about ELLs' ability to correct their own mistakes
evidence of performance on classroom tasks
a measure of a learner's overall ability in English
Which of the following statements is true about the two underlined words in the writing sample?
They are formed from the same root.
They possess derivational suffixes.
They perform the same syntactic functions.
They have the same lexical meanings.
Which of the following formulas best describes the word "friendly"?
ADJ + ly = ADV
V + ly = ADV
ADV + ly = ADJ
N + ly = ADJ
Agnieszka is a strong reader in Polish, her native language. At school in Poland, her ability to write was well beyond her grade level, but when she arrived in the United States, her writing was error-filled and confusing. Having lived in Poland for two years, the ESL teacher instantly realized that Agnieszka was applying her knowledge of Polish phonology and syntax in her English writing. Which of the following best explains the source of Agnieszka's writing problem?
Lack of pragmatic competence in L2
Interference from L1
Limited lexical awareness
Delayed cultural assimilation
When an ELL is brought before the child study team to be tested for learning disabilities, which of the following is correct according to IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Act)?
Schools must provide both English-language support and special education support if the student qualifies
Schools must provide English-language support for one year before testing the ELL for learning disabilities.
Schools may choose to off the ELL either English-language support or special education support but not both.
Schools may choose to test an ELL for learning disabilities either in English or the student's native language.
Students in a content-based ESL class are asked to write a persuasive essay. In which of the following stages of the writing process would the use of graphic organizers be most appropriate?
Writing the draft
Revising and editing
Brainstorming and prewriting
Writing the final draft
An ELL says, "I goed to school at eight o'clock this morning." The student's use of "goed" is an example of
negative washback
overgeneralization
self-correction
recasting
Although it is true that students have individual differences, generalizations can still be made about the influence of cultural background on students' learning styles. Which of the following characteristics is most likely associated with a student's being from a culture that is considered individualistic?
Preferring cooperative tasks in the classroom
Focusing on making friends
Valuing personal achievement
Demonstrating passive behavior in class
Which activity provides practice in changing registers?
Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code.
Explain how changing the stress in the sentence "What are you doing?" to "What are you doing?" also changes the meaning.
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
Which activity requires students to identify metalinguistic differences?
Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code.
Explain how changing the stress in the sentence "What are you doing?" to "What are you doing?" also changes the meaning.
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
Which activity focuses on proxemic features of communication?
Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code.
Explain how changing the stress in the sentence "What are you doing?" to "What are you doing?" also changes the meaning.
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
Zain is a ninth-grade ELL who just moved to the US from Pakistan. He had attended an English school for six years in his hometown and was confident in his ability to speak and understand English. Upon enrollment, Zain was given a placement test and was identified as an ELL at an intermediate proficiency level. Even though his conversational English is good, he struggles in his history class. Zain asks his ESL teacher for help.
Which of the following is the most appropriate first step for the ESL teacher to take?
Speaking with the history teacher about how to integrate effective practices
Requesting that the school provide additional help for Zain by hiring a bilingual aid.
Telling Zain to ask his history teacher to assign a peer in the same class who could help him with his work
Helping Zain with his history assignments during ESL class period
A mainstream language-arts teacher asks the ESL teacher for advice about a new student names Sung-hi. Sung-hi has excellent spelling and is able to recite many long English poems. She is struggling in areas such as reading comprehension and answering questions in class. Which of the following of the ESL teacher's explanations would be most useful for the language-arts teacher?
Sung-hi is probably still experiencing culture shock, and the full range of her English language proficiency has yet to be revealed.
Sung-hi's previous schooling likely focused on rote skills such as memorization. She will need time to develop more complex skills.
Sung-hi should be encouraged to answer questions in her native language, and sometime in the class should be asked to translate for her.
Sung-hi's culture does not favor academic advancement for girls. She may therefore have low expectations for her own achievement.
Listen to the student read (sorry, no audio)
Banana plants look like trees because they are so tall, but they aren't trees because they don't have woody trunks or branches.
consonant clusters
front vowels
nasal consonants
voiced stops
Ms. Peterson, a high school ESL teacher, sent several notes to Clara's home to schedule a parent-teacher conference. Clara later explained that her parents were not comfortable coming in to see the teacher since they do not have much formal education and only speak Spanish. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for Ms. Peterson to take?
Arranging for an interpreter to join Clara's parents at the conference.
Instructing Clara to interpret for her parents at the parent-teacher conference.
Requesting that a Spanish-speaking guidance counselor make an in-person visit to the home.
Asking the principal to amend the policy for student-teacher conferences.
Which of the following is an example of integrative motivation for language learning?
Trying to earn a sticker for speaking in English in class.
Wanting to make friends with English speakers
Helping your parents by translating in English
Wanting to communicate in English to get better grades
According to Cummins, which of the following would most likely be considered a "context reduced" language task?
Listening to a biology lecture
Discussing a project with a classmate
Using a graphic organizer to classify information
Reading a textbook that contains illustrations and bolded key vocabulary
The underlined segment of which of the following words is a morpheme that has the same meaning as the underlined segment of the work "illogical"?
preview
reflective
irreverent
interact
Which of the following sentences is an example of the passive voice?
Mario needed to pay $25 to enter the contest.
Mario was given $25 after he won the contest.
They gave Mario $25 after he won the contest.
Before Mario entered the contest, he had paid $25.
Of the following, which do curriculum specialists consider to be the primary advantage of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs?
Motivation to learn English increases when the language skills to be learned are embedded in context of particular interest to ELLs.
ESP textbooks are more cognitively oriented than other textbooks.
ESL teachers find it easier to plan ESP lessons than to plan lessons based on other approaches.
ELLs gain personal independence more quickly when there is an emphasis on vocational rather than on language skills.
A high school ESL teacher prepares to test to help categorize 100 new ELLs in different classes according to their performance on the test. Which off the following types of assessments did the teacher create?
task-based assessment
benchmark assessment
achievement test
placement test
Refer to the following four theorists:
A. Chomsky
B. Finocchiaro
C. Cummins
D. Krashen
With whom is the comprehensible input hypothesis associated?
A. Chomsky
B. Finocchiaro
C. Cummins
D. Krashen
Refer to the following four theorists:
A. Chomsky
B. Finocchiaro
C. Cummins
D. Krashen
To whom is the concept of transformational grammar credited?
A. Chomsky
B. Finocchiaro
C. Cummins
D. Krashen
Refer to the following four theorists:
A. Chomsky
B. Finocchiaro
C. Cummins
D. Krashen
From whose theory did the concept of cognitive academic language proficiency develop?
A. Chomsky
B. Finocchiaro
C. Cummins
D. Krashen
An elementary school ESL teacher is working on writing with her first graders. Which of the following should be the focus of the teacher's writing lessons?
Giving students time to write daily with minimal direct error correction
Having students write original sentences with their spelling words
Asking students to write commonly misspelled words multiple times
Requiring students to revise the spelling of previously written work
Students in a high school are preparing to take a state-mandated assessment. The ESOL teacher knows that many of the ELLs' parents are new to the country and are not familiar with the assessment. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step for the teacher to take to best communicate with the parents?
Having ELLs complete a series of practice questions that they can take home to show their parents
Asking school staff to make personal phone calls to an assigned list of parents to explain what the assessment is and how it will be scored
Arranging an informational session about the assessment that parents can attend and ensuring that interpreters are present
Sending a copy of a sample score report home to parents and letting them know that they can e-mail the teacher with any questions.
Which two sentences contain an idiomatic phrase?
1. Will you please put the campfire out now?
2. Will you please put my friend up for the night?
3. Will you please put the package on the table?
4. Will you please put your coat in the closet?
Sentences 1 and 2
Sentences 1 and 4
Sentences 2 and 3
Sentences 3 and 4
Listen to the students talk (sorry no audio):
We have like a custom that you must watch at the guy you are talking, like, to the face and the eyes and that way you can really see and understand what they are saying.
The student makes at least one error in the use of
adverbs
modal verbs
conjunctions
prepositions
Listen to the student talk about maintaining eye contact during conversation (sorry no audio)
"We have like a custom that you must watch at the guy you are talking, like, to the face and the eyes and that way you can really see and understand what they are saying."
The student is inconsistent in his use of
indefinite articles
plurals
auxiliary verbs
tense
Although a student has met the criteria for exiting the ESL program, he prefers to stay in ESL classes because he would be the only student of his ethnic background in the mainstream class, a prospect that he is not comfortable with. How can the ESL teacher best help the student adjust to the situation?
Insist that the student be immediately placed in the mainstream class, because passing criteria definitely indicate that he is ready to handle a new class.
Allow the student a transitional time during which both teachers can confer and he can meet the new teacher, visit the class, and receive assignments to prepare him for the work.
Ignore the ESL exit criteria and let the student remain in the ESL class indefinitely because it is better for the student to remain where he is happy and can excel.
Refer the student to the school's child study team for evaluation since the student's hesitation may be indicative of emotional problems.
Claudia and Sumi are ELLs in the same school. Sumi wants to talk to Claudia and beckons her over by moving her fingers with the palm facing down. Claudia thinks Sumi is waving goodbye. Claudia waves back and walks away. This situation illustrates that
nonverbal behavior is the first stage of language learning
assimilation is dependent on nonverbal communication
speech is required for effective communication
gestures can have different meanings in different cultures
Which of the following is the most important reason that a teacher should consider addressing different styles during instruction.
It provides variety in classroom activities
It makes it easier to make up lesson plans
Not all students learn in the same way
Not all students are interested in the same things
Kenji is a newly arrived ELL in middle school in the United States. Before coming to his new school, Kenji had studies in an English-language school for two years in Japan. During his first week in his new school, he was placed into a beginning-level ESL class. Upon being informed of their son's placement, Kenji's parents contacted the school to question the decision.
What would be the most appropriate step for the ESL teacher to take?
Sending Kenji's parents a copy of the results of the placement test
Inviting Kenji's parents to school to discuss the benefits of the ESL program
Asking Kenji if he wants to receive ESL services
Permitting the counselor or principal to decide whether or not to provide Kenji with ESL services
When she first began teaching, Ms. Miller focused on listening and speaking skills with her ELLs. However, state-mandated ESL assessments that evaluate reading and writing as well as listening and speaking have motivated her to place emphasis on all four language skills.
The effect of this state-mandated assessments on teaching is called
washback
benchmarking
reliability
norming
Which of the following is a minimal pair?
scent..rent
scent..cent
rend..spent
rent..send
Which of the following best describes a two-way bilingual education program?
Language-minority students study English independently from language-majority students
English is used as the medium of instruction throughout the day
The target language is used as the medium of instruction for half the language-minority students, while the other half studies content area subjects in their home language
Language-minority and language-majority students are integrated in a class in which they receive instruction in both language
In many countries, English is the only one of the official languages and is used by nonnative speakers on a daily basis for conducting business and as the language of instruction in schools.
This type of English is best described as
jargon
register
standard dialects
nonnative varieties
I am go to the sleeping. I am go to the reading.
I am go to the shopping. I am go to the walking.
I am go to the park. It go a happy days.
Which of the following stands out as a significant grammatical weakness in the ELL's writing sample?
Use of pronouns
Use of prepositions
Verb agreement
Verb tense
A middle school science teacher is giving the class directions to set up a laboratory experiment. While giving the directions, the teacher points to each piece of equipment to help the ELLs better understand the lesson. As the students begin to set up the experiment, the teacher notices that the ELLs seem confused and are not arranging the equipment properly. Which of the following would be most likely to increase the comprehension of the ELLs?
While giving directions, the teacher will write key terms on the board so that the ELLs see the names of the equipment
While giving directions, the teacher will demonstrate physically how to use the equipment so that the ELLs can see and hear what to do
The teacher will set up the ELLs' experiments before the class begins
The teacher will pair native English speakers with ELLs so that the English speakers can explain how to set up the experiment
A teacher seeking to design activities to help develop students' intrinsic motivation should be most concerned with whether the
students receive some sort of positive reinforcement, such as a reward or token, for completing the activities
instructions for the activities are given in the students' native language
activities establish a solid foundation for more complex lessons on the topic
activities encourage the students to discover for themselves certain principles or rules
An ESOL teacher plans to review students' portfolio assessments during parent-teacher conferences. Which of the following pieces of information would be most useful for the teacher to know when deciding how to present the assessment data to the parents?
Whether the parents speak English
Whether the parents have seen a portfolio assessment before
Whether the parents have lived in the United States for more than one year
Whether the parents come from an individual or collectivist culture
The student's difficulty with the underlined words is primarily in the pronunciation of the
suffixes
long vowels
stressed syllables
stop consonants
Which of the following scenarios is an example of an ELL's interlanguage?
Student 1: (Student points to a pencil).
Student 2: "Do you want a pencil?"
Student 1: "It's hot. Open the ventana."
Teacher: "Ok. I'll open the window."
Student: "I bathroom go?"
Teacher: "Yes, you may go to the bathroom.:
Student 1: "You wanna come to my house after school?"
Student 2: "No, I can't."
According to the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA), which of the following is an example of a cognitive learning strategy?
group work
error correction
making inferences
scaffolding
Now if I'm want to learn I must work but is very hard because I end work in 6 o'clock and school started at 7 p.m. I have only 1 hauer to my. My highest problem is speach. I have problem with this, but evry me friend's told my "It this only time, and you learn." I hope so. In future I want end college in United States, and I hope so I find good job. Lesson in ESL give me very much.
Which of the following stands out as a systematic error that the teacher should address in this piece of writing?
The confusion between prepositions of time and place
The confusion between first and third person subject pronouns
The confusion between plural and possessive suffixes
The confusion between possessive and object forms of personal pronouns
Test questions involving knowledge of United States holidays, customs, and entertainment can disadvantage test taker who lack sufficient
access to the internet
code-switching capability
acculturation to United States society
second language acquisition
Which activity focuses exclusively on the paralinguistic features of communication?
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Working with a partner, take turns acting out these two situations. 1. Complain to your best friend about your mathematics grade. 2. Complain to your mathematics teacher about your mathematics grade.
Observe the Americans on the video, with the sound turned off. What do you think their relationship is to each other? What do you think they are talking about? What clues help you guess?
Read the following statements aloud. Without changing the order of the words, read the statements again as if they were questions.
Which activity focuses on life-skills exercises?
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Working with a partner, take turns acting out these two situations. 1. Complain to your best friend about your mathematics grade. 2. Complain to your mathematics teacher about your mathematics grade.
Observe the Americans on the video, with the sound turned off. What do you think their relationship is to each other? What do you think they are talking about? What clues help you guess?
Read the following statements aloud. Without changing the order of the words, read the statements again as if they were questions.
Which activity encourages students to develop strategies for analyzing grammar on their own?
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Working with a partner, take turns acting out these two situations. 1. Complain to your best friend about your mathematics grade. 2. Complain to your mathematics teacher about your mathematics grade.
Observe the Americans on the video, with the sound turned off. What do you think their relationship is to each other? What do you think they are talking about? What clues help you guess?
Read the following statements aloud. Without changing the order of the words, read the statements again as if they were questions.
Which activity provides practice in contrasting stress and intonation patterns?
Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Working with a partner, take turns acting out these two situations. 1. Complain to your best friend about your mathematics grade. 2. Complain to your mathematics teacher about your mathematics grade.
Observe the Americans on the video, with the sound turned off. What do you think their relationship is to each other? What do you think they are talking about? What clues help you guess?
Read the following statements aloud. Without changing the order of the words, read the statements again as if they were questions.
According to the states of language acquisition, which of the following negations in English would probably be the earliest produced by a nonnative speaker learning the language?
"He not is hungry."
"No he hungry."
"He isn't hungry."
"He don't hungry."
A student who has just arrived from overseas has been placed into an ESL classroom. He seems nervous and extremely shy. Which of the following strategies is most likely to reduce the student's anxiety?
Asking the student to complete the same challenging assignment as the rest of the class, to show confidence in the student.
Giving the student a nonspeaking role in a cooperative group activity, to encourage participation without putting pressure on the student
Asking the student to propose a list of topics that he would feel comfortable discussing in class
Having other students in the class introduce themselves and ask him questions about his country, to raise consciousness among students
Which of the following is the best example of an activity that can also be used as a performance-based assessment in the ESOL classroom?
Students give an oral presentation using visual prompts.
Students identify the verb in a series of sentences on a work sheet.
Students write as the teacher dictates a short passage in English.
Students watch as the teacher models the writing process.
Lines 2 and 3 contain examples of which of the following?
self-correction
first-language interference
code-switching
change of register
In line 6, which verb tense of "practice" should replace "practicing"?
past perfect
present perfect progression
simple past
infinitive
In the case of Lau vs. Nichols (1974), the Supreme Court determined that
all children living in the United States have the right to a free public education regardless of their own or their parents' immigration status
schools must revise testing procedures to accurately assess the achievement of students for whom English is a second language
schools must provide opportunities for English language instruction to students who are not proficient in English
schools are forbidden to release any information about a student's immigration status to any government agency
Which of the following words contains a consonant digraph?
books
chine
try
nerve
Susie and her family moved to the United States five years ago from South Korea. Many of the Korean ELLs in her class have kept their original names, but Susie recently decided to change her name and chooses to speak only English during the school day. Susie's parents are happy that she has chosen to adopt American culture practices but are worried she will lose her Korean identity and language. Based on the description, Susie is most likely experiencing
positive transfer
interlanguage
acculturaion
assimilation
TEFL refers to teaching English to
native English speakers studying a foreign language
nonnative speakers of English in a non-English speaking country
nonnative speakers of English in an English speaking country
native English speakers in a non-English speaking country
Ms. Biava, a first-grade teacher, is concerned about one of her ESL students, Eliza. Eliza spoke very little English when she arrived one year ago at the beginning of the school term. Since then she has made very little progress learning English. Ms. Biava is concerned that there may be learning disabilities present. Which of the following would be the best first step for Ms. Biava to take?
Talking to the child study team about testing the student for learning disabilities
Interviewing the parents to get their input and opinion about the student's abilities
Trying academic interventions suggested by the ESL teacher and recording the results
Waiting another year to observe Eliza's progress when she is in second grade
James said that we understand the directions for the test.
"We understand the directions for the test," James said.
Which of the following best states the difference between the first and second sentences above?
informal versus formal structure
upward versus downward convergence
interrogative versus imperative styles
indirect versus direct discourse
Mr. August expects his ELLs to be sensitive to and understanding of the beliefs, attitudes, and values of others. He encourages them to keep a journal to reflect on the challenges of adapting to a new culture. Periodically, they share their thoughts and opinions with one another in small groups.
Mr. August's teaching philosophy best reflects which of the following?
universal grammar
natural order hypothesis
cross-cultural awareness
positive language transfer
Mr. August expects his ELLs to be sensitive to and understanding of the beliefs, attitudes, and values of others. He encourages them to keep a journal to reflect on the challenges of adapting to a new culture. Periodically, they share their thoughts and opinions with one another in small groups.
What is the main advantage of Mr. August's approach?
Students can practice using academic language
Students have a safe place to express themselves
Students will complete their classwork in less time
Students will see quick improvements in their grammar
Which of the following theories supports teaching methods that foster learning through apprenticeship and scaffolding?
sociocultural theory
behaviorist theory
cognitive theory
information-processing theory
The writing sample above shows evidence that the writer has not mastered the use of which of the following?
subject-verb agreement
expletives
comparative adjectives
prepositions
