It is the change in volume of a fine-grained soil caused by the expulsion of water from the voids and the transfer of load from the excess porewater pressure to the soil particles.

It is the change in volume of a fine-grained soil caused by the adjustment of the soil fabric (internal structure) after primary consolidation has been completed. O Primary consolidation ends when Δuo = 0.

It is the porewater pressure in excess of the current equilibrium porewater

pressure.

the excess porewater pressure is Δu = u1 – uo.

It is the longest vertical path that a water particle will take to reach the drainage surface.

It is the maximum vertical effective stress that a soil was subjected to in the past.

It is one that has never experienced vertical effective stress greater than its current vertical effective stress (σ’ zo = σ’ zc ).

is one that has experienced vertical effective stress greater than its current vertical effective stress (σ’ zo < σ’ zc ).

is the ratio by which the current vertical effective stress in the soil was exceeded in the past ( OCR = σ’ zc / σ’ zo ).

The soil is normally consolidated soil if the OCR is equal to ___?

It is the slope of the normal consolidation line in a plot of the logarithm of vertical effective stress versus void ratio.

It is the average slope of the unloading/reloading curves in a plot of the logarithm of vertical effective stress versus void ratio.

It is the slope of the curve between two stress points in a plot of vertical effective stress versus vertical strain.

The increase in stress caused by foundation and other loads compresses a soil layer.

Compression is caused by?

The deformation due to increase of stress depends on the ____?

As Civil Engineers we need to provide answers for___?

What are the three components settlement?

This settlement occurs immediately after the load is applied. This is due to distortion (change in shape) at constant volume.

It occurs due to expulsion of pore water from the voids of a saturated soil. In case of saturated fine grained soils, the deformation is due to squeezing of water from the pores leading to rearrangement of soil particles.

“It is the change in volume of a fine grained soil due to rearrangement of soil particles (fabric) at constant effective stress”. The rate of secondary consolidation is very slow when compared with primary consolidation.

The four most important soil properties found by a consolidation test are?

This is the maximum stress that the soil has “felt” in the past.

It is which indicates the compressibility of a normally consolidated soil.

It is which indicates the compressibility of an over consolidated soil.

It is which indicates the rate of compression under a load increment.

It is the ratio of change in volume of a soil per unit initial volume due to unit increase in effective stress and is given by.