Images are made up of _____

RGB means?

User interacts and views with a 3D world using “more natural” means

Visualizing millions to billions of data points

Comprehension of complex systems

Aesthetic Computing

Process picture information

WIMP interface

Object description that a computer understands

A point 2 or 3 dimensional space.

A rectangular array of bits mapped one-to-one with pixels

Graphical output system that is based on strokes (as opposed to pixels). Also known as: random, calligraphic, or stroke displays.

Information that defines which vertices are connected to which other vertices via edges

Uses sequential commands or mathematical statements or programs which place lines or shapes in a 2-D or 3-D environment

Raster is composed of paths.

Vector is composed of pixels

Refresh process is independent of the complexity of the image

Displays flicker when the number of primitives in the images become too large.

Graphic primitives are specified in terms of end points and must be scan converted into corresponding pixels.

Scan conversion is not required.

Can draw mathematical curves, polygons and boundaries of curved primitives only by pixel approximation

Can draw continuous and smooth lines.

Raster cost less.

Vector cost more.

Raster cost less space

Vector cost more space

First real-time graphics

Light pens. Long-lived (1958-1983!)

- First interactive graphics system.

- Interaction techniques for choosing, pointing, drawing.

-data structures for replicating components.

Can do a lot of fancy work these days. At a minimum, it contains a framebuffer to drive a display.

Electrons “boil off” the heated cathode and shoot towards the anode. Electrons striking the phosphors create light through:

o    fluorescence (fraction of usec)

o    phosphorescence (10 to 60 usec)

Also called vector displays, stroke displays, or random- scan displays. Used by:

- Sutherland’s Sketchpad

- Asteroids video game

- Oscilloscopes

Electron beam traces over screen in raster scan order.

- Each left-to-right trace is called a scan line.

- Each spot on the screen is a pixel.

- When the beam is turned off to sweep back, that is a retrace, or a blanking interval.

Cathode Ray Tubes consists of:

- electron gun

- electron focusing lens

- deflection plates/coils

- electron beam

- anode with phosphor coating

Intensity of the raster scan beam is modulated according to the contents of a framebuffer. Each element of the framebuffer is associated with a single pixel on the screen.

Resolution is used here to mean total number of bits in a

display. It should really refer to the resolvable dots per unit length.

Horizontal / vertical size

pixel width / pixel height

Many color monitors employ shadow mask technology. The variety

depicted above:

- uses triads of red, green, and blue phosphors at each pixel

- uses three electron guns, one per color

- shadow mask used to make each kind of phosphor only “visible” from

one gun

A competing technology is called Trinitron (by Sony):

- uses vertical stripes of red, green, and blue phosphors at each pixel

- uses three electron guns, one per color

- uses an aperture grille to make each kind of phosphor only

“visible” from one gun

The description of each color in framebuffer memory is known as a

(video lookup tables) allow more color versatility when you only have a few bits per pixel. You get to select a small palette from a large number of available colors.

The term ____ is sometimes used to refer to systems which the framebuffer directly stores the values of each channel.

Even full-color systems often use color tables. In this case, there is a separate color table for each 8 bit channel.

Provides a solution when you write to the framebuffer while it is being displayed on the monitor

For 2D graphics, ___ lets you specify colors of primitives and then draw them to the screen. Typical primitives include:

- Points

- Lines

- Unfilled polygons

- Filled polygons

The fastest, cheapest, and easiest way to transfer design ideas from your head to the real world is to use good old ____.

Creatives who have a dominant tech gene in their DNA will likely prefer the digital equivalent of pencil and paper for their sketching and doodling tasks.

This gadget helps us connect with peers, customers, and the world wide web. It also hosts your favorite apps — including really handy on-the-go drawing and image-editing tools.

These devices ensure that the colors you see on your screen will be exactly the same ones that come out in printed outputs such as posters, brochures, and magazines.

For digital creatives, this is the ultimate tool that performs all the heavy lifting in the profession.

Never settle for counterfeit colors. For the uninitiated, a shade of color that resembles blue might as well be blue, but for design professionals, color accuracy and rendering precision matter big time.

While cloud storage is already available, many graphic designers still opt to have backup physical storage devices close at hand.

For creatives who need to take, edit, and manage hyper-precise photos and videos, nothing but a decent DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) will do.

This is the largest and arguably most important part of a digital artist’s tool stack. Whether installed to run from a desktop computer or offered as a cloud-based service, these software applications enable graphic designers to create, edit, store, and manage their creative output: photos, images, videos, presentations, brochures, and other visual formats.

With the advance of cloud computing technology, several companies started offering web-based graphic design services that primarily target general consumers (i.e. non-professional/occasional designers).

Online libraries of images such as Shutterstock and Behance are great places to visit and get design ideas from.

That's well and good, but you still need a space in the cloud to store, synchronize, and manage your design assets, projects, and output.

Website services such as Wix, SquareSpace, and Adobe Portfolio (Behance) help designers consolidate and curate the creative efforts they are proud of, and communicate their credentials to prospective employers, clients, and peers. Heck, what better thing to do with artwork than to share it with the world.

The field of design is in constant flux as technology, aesthetic standards, and markets shift. This means designers always need to improve their knowledge of the craft and develop new skills that will enable them to produce creative outputs that will remain relevant and meaningful to their intended audiences.

Creatives are arguably the subset of professionals most in need of inspiration. Besides getting that from their immediate environment (hopefully), these professionals can visit design-focused websites that publish advice, tips, and doses of inspirational materials that can help motivate stressed out or low-energy designers.

Designers differ when it comes to how an inspiring workstation should look like. Some prefer extremely minimalist themes while others clutter their spaces with toys, nostalgic memorabilia, and other eye candies.