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WorksheetsCosmological knowledge review
Total questions: 23
Worksheet time: 16mins
Christians say that God is the the one who caused everything to start.
True
False
Atheists and Humanists say...
The universe has always existed so there was not need to start it.
There is no God.
Perhaps it was another being that caused the universe, not God.
If everything is caused, then something have caused God.
Catholics say that...
God is transcendent and that is why there was no need for Him to be caused.
God was caused.
Everything has a starting point, even the universe, God is the starting point of everything.
Atheists are unable to prove that God did not start everything.
Thesists say God is the first mover.
True
False
Aquinas suggest that God is the first efficient cause.
True
False
The Cosmological argument has been presented by...
St Thomas Aquinas
St Anselm of Canterbury
Aristotle
St Augustine of Hippo
How many 'ways' does Aquinas present as proofs of God?
5
3
2
6
The cosmological argument inductively argues that...
The universe is unique
Moss is a deity
God exists
How many of Aquinas' ways are cosmological arguments?
3
2
1
5
What type of argument is Aquinas' third way? (select multiple options then press submit at the bottom)
a priori
a posteriori
inductive
deductive
In logic, a (a) statement is one in which the predicate asserts something that is not contained either explicitly or implicitly in the subject. An example is the statement 'all bachelors live alone'.
(a) statements are ones in which the predicate asserts something that is true by definition alone (if we understand the words involved) — we don't have to check in the world to know the statement is true. An example is the statement 'all bachelors are unmarried'.
What type of statements does the cosmological argument use?
synthetic
analytic
The cosmological argument is written in Aquinas' book...
Summa Theologica
Proslogion
Fear and Trembling
The Republic
Match the following
P1. Everything that moves is moved by something else;
P2. That mover must also be moved by something else;
P3. you cannot have an infinite chain of movers (infinite regress)
C1. Therefore, there must be an unmoved mover providing movement, without itself being moved;
C2. This unmoved mover is what people understand to be God.
Aquinas' first Way - the argument from motion/change
P1. Everything has a cause;
P2. Every cause has its own cause;
P3. You cannot have an infinite number of causes;
C1. Therefore there must be an uncaused cause, which causes everything, without itself being caused.
C2. Such an uncaused cause is what people understand to be God.
Aquinas' second way - the argument from causation
P1. Ordinary things are finite: they start existing and stop existing (contingent)
C1. therefore, at some time no contingent things were were in existence.
P2. something only comes into existence by being caused by something that already exists.
C2. Therefore, there must be a being whose existence is necessary and not limited by time. C3. This being is what people understand by God.
Aquinas' third way - the argument from contingency/ necessity
Leibniz argued that...
we require full explanations for why things exist
God must have created the world
the Big Bang explains how the universe started
the reason for the universe's existence is within the universe itself
Leibniz called this need for full explanations as the:
"Principle of sufficient reason"
"Rejection of infinite regress"
"Product of perfect explanation"
"Need for proper reasons"
For Swinburne, the most surprising thing about the existence of the universe is...
that it exists
how complex it seems
how it follows regular laws of nature
that God created it
Bertrand Russell argued that the universe...
is just 'there' and doesn't need an explanation
doesn't have enough evidence in it to prove God
needs an explanation but God is not it
was caused by scientific processes
Russell says that, if the universe as a whole has one explanation...
then humans would have one overall mother
then people would disagree with it
then there could be other universes with explanations
then it would be a scientific explanation
Hume criticises the fact that Aquinas has gone from a necessary being to God. He calls this...
an inductive leap
an a posteriori argument
a knowledge gap
a premise error
Hume also argues that ___________________ could be necessary.
the universe
humans
parents
planet earth
I am feeling (a) about the three ways of the cosmological argument.
