• Raveling is the progressive disintegration of the pavement surface by loss of binder or aggregates or both.

• Causes:

✓ Asphalt binder unable to hold aggregate in place

✓ dusty aggregates

✓ segregation

✓ low in-place density

✓ aged asphalt binder

✓ Stripping

Cures

✓ Seal Coat

✓ Micro-surf acing

✓ Thin Overlay

• Delamination is the loss of a discrete and large (minimum 0.01 square meter) area of the wearing course.

• Usually there is a clear delineation of the wearing course and the layer below.

• Other terms : Peeling, surface lifting, seal break, flalcing

• Causes:

✓ Aggregate not spread immediately

✓ Asphalt may have cooled to much

✓ Aggregate too dusty or too wet when spread

✓ Not rolled immediately after placing it may not become seated

✓ - Steel-wheeled roller alone was used for

✓ compaction

✓ - Open traffic too soon after application

► Cures:

- Hot coarse sand spread over affected areas

- Rolled immediately after spreading with a pneumatic-tired roller

Cause

✓ Differences 1n materials used for lane and shoulder

✓ Differential settlement

✓ Insufficient compaction of base

Cures

✓ Wedge/leveling overlay

✓ Micro-surfacing

□ Pothole 1s a bowl-shaped cavity 1n the pavement surface resulting from the loss of wearing course and binder course materials.

□ Causes:

✓ Raveling of cracks

✓ Moisture damage

✓ Insufficient strength

✓ Poor surface mixtures

✓ Weak spots in the base or subgrade

□ Cures

✓ Patch

• An area of pavement that has been replaced with new material to repair the existing pavement. A patch is considered a defect no matter how well it performs.

• Causes:

✓ Previous localized pavement deterioration that has been removed and patched

✓ Utility cuts

✓ Poor installation techniques such as inadequate compaction, inferior or improper materials

✓ Failure of the surrounding or underlying pavement

• Cures:

✓ Replace patch with deep or full-depth patch