The Sun is ___% helium by mass.

The entire Sun is what state of matter?

The visible surface of the Sun is called the

Sunspots and prominences are ____ than the gas around them.

A dark, cool region on the Sun's surface caused by intense magnetic fields blocking normal convection under the surface

What feature of the Sun is responsible for sunspots, prominences, and solar flares?

Tiny, neutral particle with little or no mass that penetrates all matter and is a byproduct of nuclear fusion.

Process by which four hydrogens are fused to form one helium.

The _____ force holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus

____ is converted to helium in the Sun's core.

The Sun is in hydrostatic equilibrium, meaning that which two forces are in balance?

The region inside a star where its energy is carried outward by photons

The region just below the Sun’s visible surface in which its heat is carried by convection

The lower part of the Sun’s outer atmosphere that lies directly above the Sun’s photosphere, contains spicules

The outer, hottest part of the Sun’s atmosphere, non-uniform in shape and size

A cloud of gas in the Sun’s outer atmosphere, often shaped like an arch or loop, supported by the Sun’s magnetic field

A smaller, sudden increase in brightness of a small region on the Sun, caused by a magnetic disturbance

Enormous bubbles of hot gas and trapped magnetic fields that burst into space

The outflow of low-density, hot gas from the Sun’s upper atmosphere, partially responsible for comets' tails and auroras

The chromosphere is ___, the same color that is emitted by hydrogen.

The texture in the Sun's photosphere created by clumps of hot gas rising to the surface is called

What happens during nuclear fusion?

When two hydrogen atoms fuse

together, some _____ of hydrogen

atoms is converted into energy.

What process powers all the stars?

Period of time when very few sunspots were observed from 1645-1715.

Which is NOT evidence that the solar cycle and climate patterns on Earth are linked?

_____ form when the “kinks” in the magnetic field rise to the surface and break through the photosphere

The cyclic change in solar activity, such as sunspots and solar flares, rising and declining periodically.

How long is the solar cycle?

The Sun spins differentially, which means gas near its equator circles the Sun _____ than gas near its poles