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Worksheets

Unit 6 Test Review

Total questions: 188

Worksheet time: 16hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

2.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

3.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Adenine -

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

4.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Cytosine-

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Adenine

5.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

6.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

7.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

8.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the replication fork in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

9.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

10.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

11.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

12.

The directionality of DNA is said to be ___________, because it is side by side by goes in opposite directions.

a)

Anti-directional

b)

Parallel

c)

Anti-parallel

d)

Anti-uniform

13.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
14.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
15.

DNA replication results in

a)

2 completely new DNA molecules

b)

2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original

c)

1 new DNA molecule and 1 old

d)

1 new molecule of DNA

16.

Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds (unzips)

a)

Ligase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Primase

d)

Helicase

17.

Site where replication begins

a)

Polymerase action site

b)

Replication fork

c)

Replication Origin

d)

In the front

18.

#1 in the picture above (builder)

a)

Helicase

b)

Primase

c)

Polymerase

d)

Ligase

19.

#4 in the picture

a)

Polymerase

b)

Primase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

20.

This enzyme helps helicase unzip DNA by relieving supercoiling

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

Exonuclease

c)

DNA Primase

d)

DNA Polymerase

21.

This enzyme synthesizes short RNA sequences to guide DNA Polymerase

a)

Primers

b)

DNA Primase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Topoisomerase

22.

In what direction does the Leading strand run?

a)

3' ----> 5'

b)

5' -----> 3'

c)

It doesn't matter

d)

Both directions

23.

Okazaki fragments are found on the _______________ strand

a)

Leading

b)

Lagging

24.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
25.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
26.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
27.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
28.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
29.
What strand is copied faster?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
30.
What strand is copied backwards?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
31.
The two strands of DNA are held together by:
a)
Hydrogen Bonds
b)
Phosphodiester Bonds
c)
Glycolsyl Bonds
d)
Glycosidic Linkages
32.
DNA is a polymer made of:
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Purines
d)
Pyrimidines
33.
Polymerase is able to replicate the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.
a)
continuously
b)
only in short fragments
c)
very slowly
d)
prokaryotically
34.

What enzyme is A?

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

DNA ligase

c)

RNA primase

d)

Helicase

35.

This structure is an Okazaki fragment.

a)

A

b)

D

c)

F

d)

C

36.

Replication is occurring AWAY FROM the replication fork on strand

a)

I, the leading strand

b)

I, the lagging strand

c)

H, the leading strand

d)

H, the lagging strand

37.

Structure C is

a)

helicase

b)

primase

c)

DNA polymerase III

d)

gyrase

38.
Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?
a)
DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand
b)
DNA is unwound
c)
Hydrogen bonds form between bases
d)
chromosomes condense
39.

This enzyme synthesizes short RNA sequences to guide DNA Polymerase

a)

Primers

b)

DNA Primase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Topoisomerase

40.
Which enzyme is responsible for laying down DNA nucleotides from 5' to 3' direction?
a)
DNA Polymerase III
b)
DNA Polymerase I
c)
DNA Polymerase II
d)
DNA Ligase
41.
This enzyme will replace the spaces the RNA Primers 'had been' to DNA nucleotides.
a)
DNA Polymerase III
b)
DNA Polymerase I
c)
DNA Polymerase II
d)
RNA Primase
42.
These will keep the replication fork from 'collapsing'.
a)
RNA Primase
b)
Single Stranded Binding Proteins
c)
Topoisomerase
d)
Helicase
43.
This short segment of nucleotides will act as a 'start' or attachment site for DNA Polymerase III.
a)
RNA Primer
b)
DNA Primer
c)
Okazaki Segment
d)
Kosak Sequence
44.
On the 'lagging strand' of DNA replication DNA is build in short segments (100-200 bases long) known as...
a)
RNA Primer
b)
DNA Primer
c)
Okazaki Segments
d)
Kosak Sequence
45.
New Nucleotides are added to the ____ end of an existing DNA strand.
a)
3'
b)
5'
c)
1'
d)
4'
46.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of DNA packaging?

a)

all of a cell's DNA can fit into the nucleus

b)

DNA is protected from damage

c)

genes can be accessed as-needed

d)

chromosomes can be reshuffled frequently

47.

A nucleosome is best described as

a)

nucleosomes coiled around each other

b)

a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins

c)

one fully-packaged DNA molecule

d)

one strand of DNA double-helix

48.

Chromatin is best described as

a)

nucleosomes super-coiled around each other

b)

a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins

c)

one fully-packaged DNA molecule

d)

one strand of DNA double-helix

49.

Chromosomes are made of... (Choose all that apply.)

a)

DNA

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

lipids

50.

All the genes in both a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are expressed at the same time.

a)

True

b)

False

51.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
52.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
53.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
54.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
55.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
56.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
57.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
58.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
59.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
60.

A small organelle in the cell on which proteins are assembled, It is a type of protein.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Ribosome

c)

Nucleus

d)

Lysosome

61.
Which statement is describing the process of protein synthesis?
a)
DNA is copied into mRNA which is translated into protein
b)
DNA is copied into DNA
c)
DNA is copied into lysosome
62.
DNA sequence ACCTG produces which mRNA strand? 
a)
UGGAC
b)
TGGAC
c)
GTCCA
63.
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
64.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

65.

The monomers units of DNA and RNA are

a)

amino acids

b)

monosaccharides

c)

nucleotides

d)

fatty acids

66.

The signal that marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop is

a)

polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

a terminator

d)

methionine

67.

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linkage together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?

a)

polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

ribozyme

d)

reverse transcriptase

68.

The RNA codon AUG means

a)

add amino acid methionine

b)

start the protein here

c)

add the amino acid tyrosine

d)

end the polypeptide chain here

69.

Which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

a)

RNA-DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

b)

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

c)

PROTEIN-RNA-DNA

d)

DNA-AMINO ACID-RNA-PROTEIN

70.

Translation consists of which of the following?

a)

conversion of genetic info from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

b)

conversion of genetic info from DNA to RNA

c)

addition of nucleotides to a DNA template

d)

DNA replication

71.

Which of the following is required for translation to occur?

a)

energy

b)

ribosomes

c)

tRNA

d)

all of these

72.

The info carried by DNA is in

a)

an amino acid sequence

b)

the sugars and phosphates that form the backbone

c)

the order of bases in the molecule

d)

the total number of nucleotides

73.

A gene is

a)

the same as a chromosome

b)

the info for making a polypeptide

c)

made of RNA

d)

made of protein

74.

During the process of translation, ____ matches a nucleic acid codon with the proper amino acid.

a)

a ribosome

b)

ATP

c)

polymerase

d)

mRNA

75.

tRNA plays a role in which of the following ?

a)

picking up the amino acid specified by the anticodon

b)

recognizing the appropriate codons in mRNA

c)

translating codons into amino acids

d)

all of these are correct

76.
Translation takes place in the 
a)
ribosome
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
77.
What would be the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon CAG?
a)
GTC
b)
GUC
c)
CUG
d)
CAG
78.
What type of bonds are forming during translation?
a)
Peptide bonds
b)
Hydrogen bonds
c)
Acid bonds
79.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
80.

In RNA splicing in eukaryotes, _________ are removed and __________ are connected and remain as part of the mRNA molecule.

a)

Introns; exons

b)

Caps; tails

c)

cytosines; guanines

d)

Okazaki fragments; ligases

81.

Transcription occurs in the _______ of prokaryotes, and in the _________ of eukaryotes.

a)

Cytoplasm ; cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus ; ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm ; nucleus

d)

Nucleus ; cytoplasm

82.

What is the central dogma?

a)

DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> rRNA

b)

Template strand --> coding strand --> mRNA

c)

Nucleus --> cytoplasm --> ribosome

d)

DNA --> mRNA --> protein

83.

Which of the following components is involved in the initiation of transcription?

a)

Start codon

b)

Origin

c)

Promoter

d)

Primer

84.

Which of the following types of RNA codes for a protein?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

dsRNA

d)

tRNA

85.

What is made during transcription?

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

Proteins

d)

rRNA

86.

Is this a nucleotide strand of DNA or RNA?

TACGGACTA

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Impossible to tell

87.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
88.
Which of the following describes RNA?
a)
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine
b)
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil
c)
RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information
d)
RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions
89.

What is the name of the enzyme that will transcribe DNA into RNA?

a)

RNA Polymerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

TAP Polymerase

d)

rDNA Polymerase

90.

On which end of the RNA molecule (5' or 3') can additional bases be added to?

a)

5'

b)

3'

c)

new bases can be added on both the 5' and the 3' ends

d)

it depends on the gene

91.
Which of the following is the sugar found in RNA?
a)
Ribose
b)
Maltose
c)
Deoxyribose
d)
Amylose
92.

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: 3' TACGT 5'

a)

5' AUGCA 3'

b)

3' AUGCA 5'

c)

5' ATGCA 3'

d)

5' TACGT 3'

93.
Which of the following best describes how DNA and RNA are similar?
a)
they both contain A and T
b)
They both have a double helix
c)
They are both composed of 5 different nucleotides
d)
they both have C and G
94.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
95.

What signals where transcription will begin?

a)

replication fork

b)

primase

c)

promoter sequence

d)

origin of replication

96.

What signals where transcription will stop?

a)

stop codon

b)

terminator sequence

c)

where the lagging strand is

d)

red light

97.

RNA polymerase moves along the template strand of DNA, reading it in the

a)

5' to 3' direction

b)

3' to 5' direction

c)

leading strand direction

d)

promoter direction

98.

To begin transcription, RNA polymerase binds to

a)

the promoter sequence of the template strand of DNA

b)

the promoter sequence of the lagging strand of DNA

c)

the start codon

d)

Okazaki fragments

99.

RNA nucleotides are added onto which end of the growing RNA strand?

a)

5' end

b)

3' end

c)

the end that is nearest the replication fork

d)

RNA nucleotides can be added onto either end

100.

Spliceosomes are not found in cells of

a)

Plants

b)

Fungi

c)

Animals

d)

Bacteria

101.

Poly A tail is present in

a)

mRNA of bacteria

b)

tRNA of eukaryotes

c)

Promotor of bacteria

d)

mRNA of eukaryotes

102.

Splicing is one of the steps of post-transcriptional modifications which occurs in

a)

nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

ER

d)

Ribosomes

103.

Assertion: Eukaryotic mRNA requires post-transcription processing for formation of functional mRNA.

Reason: Eukaryotic transcripts possess extra nonfunctional segments called introns.

a)

Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

b)

Both Assertion and Reason are true but the C Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

c)

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

d)

Both Assertion and Reason are false

104.

In eukaryotes, the capping and tailing in hnRNA occurs at

a)

3’ and 5’ end respectively

b)

5’ and 3’ end respectively

c)

At any end

d)

Both occurs at 3’ end always

105.

Which process is used to make mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus?

a)

Replication

b)

Translation

c)

Transcription

d)

Duplication

106.

Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?

a)

TACGAA

b)

AUGCUU

c)

ATGCTT

d)

AAGCAT

107.

Enzyme required for transcription is

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

RNA polymerase

108.

Which molecule contains the genetic code?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

109.

Transcription occurs along a ____ template forming an mRNA in the ____ direction.

a)

5' to 3'; 5' to 3'

b)

5' to 3'; 3' to 5'

c)

3' to 5'; 5' to 3'

d)

3' to 5'; 3' to 5'

110.

Transfer RNA's bind during translation by the

a)

Codon

b)

Anti codon

c)

template

111.

Of the ____ different possible codons and ____ signal stop.

a)

46, 1

b)

20, 3

c)

20,3

d)

64, 3

112.

During translation, the ____ site within the ribosome hold the growing amino acid chain while the ____ site holds the next amino acid to be added to the chain.

a)

P, A

b)

A, P

c)

E, A

d)

E, P

113.

Where in the cell would rRNA be found?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

ribosome

d)

chloroplast

114.

An mRNA codon has the following sequence: ACU. What is the corresponding tRNA sequence called, and what would the sequence be?

a)

TGA

b)

UGA

c)

ACU

115.

What is added to the 3'-end of many eukaryotic mRNAs after transcription?

a)

intron

b)

exon

c)

poly tail A

d)

capping

116.

What is occurring in this picture?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Translocation

d)

Transcription

117.
What is an exon?
a)
section of mRNA that codes for protein
b)
section of mRNA that does not code for protein
c)
section of tRNA that codes for protein
d)
section of rRNA that codes for protein
118.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
119.
Which of the following describes RNA?
a)
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine
b)
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil
c)
RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information
d)
RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions
120.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
121.
The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?
a)
New DNA
b)
Polypeptide
c)
Messenger RNA
d)
Carbohydrate
122.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
123.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
124.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
125.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
126.
What type of bonds are forming during translation?
a)
Peptide bonds
b)
Hydrogen bonds
c)
Acid bonds
127.
How many bases are in one codon?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
128.
What is this a picture of?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
pRNA
129.

What is letter B in the picture?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

ribosome

d)

nucleus

130.
Which molecule can we find the promoter and terminator in?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
polypeptide chain
131.
The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the _________.
a)
promoter
b)
repressor
c)
operator
d)
gene
132.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
133.
What is the name of the binding site of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?
a)
operator
b)
operon
c)
inducer
d)
promoter
134.
What does the repressor protein do?
a)
Allows RNA polymerase to read the gene
b)
Prevents RNA polymerase from reading the gene
c)
Reads the gene
d)
Translates the gene
135.
Which type of operon is shown in the image?
a)
inducible operon
b)
repressible operon
c)
positive control operon
d)
can't determine this from the image
136.
Operons are found in the cells of which of the following types of organisms?
a)
prokaryotes (bacteria)
b)
eukaryotes (plant and animals)
c)
animals only
d)
viruses
137.
What is an operon?
a)
a part of the promoter region of a gene
b)
a part of RNA polymerase
c)
a unit made up of linked genes that code for proteins needed to do a specific task
d)
A protein needed for DNA replication
138.
What does a promoter do?
a)
it allows a gene to be transcribed
b)
it creates a DNA segment
c)
it is another word for ribosomes
d)
it is another word for RNA
139.
In the lac operon, the genes within the operon will be expressed if:
a)
lactose is absent in the cell
b)
galactose is present in the cell
c)
lactose is present in the cell
d)
glucose is absent in the cell
140.
What type of operon is the lac (lactose) operon?
a)
inducible
b)
repressible
c)
positive control
d)
promoible
141.
What type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?
a)
inducible
b)
repressible
c)
positive control
d)
promoible
142.
What is a Gene?
a)
A segment of RNA that codes for a protein
b)
A chromosome
c)
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
d)
Your genome
143.
What type of operon is shown in the image?
a)
inducible operon
b)
repressible operon
c)
positive control operon
d)
can't determine this from the image
144.
T1 - What is the name given to part of a DNA molecule that contains plans (codes) for a protein?
a)
Glucose
b)
Chromosome
c)
Gene
d)
Phosphate
145.

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.

a)

Epigenome

b)

DNA

c)

genome

d)

genetic markers

146.

The study of the inherited changes in gene expression that occur without a change in gene sequence and influence how an organism's genes express themselves. Mechanisms are influenced by food and environment. They play an important role in the fetal basis of adult disease susceptibility.

a)

bionomics

b)

genomics

c)

genetics

d)

epigenetics

147.

Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

a)

histones

b)

casein

c)

nucleosome

d)

chromosome

148.

A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed.

a)

activators

b)

methylation

c)

acetylation

d)

proteins

149.

Epigenetics refers to changes in:

a)

DNA sequence

b)

Gene structure

c)

Gene expression

d)

DNA frequency

150.

Every cell has a copy of every gene

a)

True

b)

False

151.

All genes are expressed in every cell

a)

True

b)

False

152.

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

a)

Diet

b)

Exercise

c)

Stress

d)

Aging

153.

True or False: Epigenetic changes are permanent.

a)

True

b)

False

154.

True or False: Epigenetic changes can be passed on to future generations.

a)

True

b)

False

155.

Acetylation _____________ access to the DNA, while methylation of lysine 9 & 27______________ access to the DNA.

a)

allows, blocks

b)

blocks, allows

c)

does not change, inactivates

d)

inactivates, does not change

156.

A signal sequence on the polypeptide chain targets all but which proteins to the rough ER surface?

a)

Golgi proteins

b)

plasma membrane proteins

c)

lysosomal

d)

mitochondrial

157.
How can mutations affect proteins?
a)
A change in the DNA sequence will affect the amino acids that make up the protein
b)
A chance in the amino acid sequence will affect the DNA sequence
c)
Mutations do not usually affect proteins
d)
By stopping all protein production in a cell
158.

Deletion

a)

a different base or pair takes the place of what should have there

b)

a base or segment is added to the strand

c)

a base or segment has been deleted

159.

The picture above represents

a)

insertion

b)

deletion

c)

substitution

160.

The picture above represents

a)

insertion

b)

deletion

c)

substitution

161.

The picture above represents

a)

insertion

b)

deletion

c)

substitution

162.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
163.
If you are missing or have an extra base  at the end of your mutated DNA . What type of mutation occurred?
a)
Substitution
b)
Frameshift
c)
Duplication 
d)
Insertion
164.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
165.
A frameshift mutation can occur with either _________ or __________ mutations.
a)
Addition, division
b)
Deletion, substitution
c)
Addition, substitution
d)
Addition, deletion
166.

Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

a)

Frameshift

b)

Silent

c)

Point

167.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
168.
The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the
a)
promoter
b)
repressor
c)
operator
d)
gene
169.
Operons are found in the cells of which of the following types of organisms?
a)
prokaryotes (bacteria)
b)
eukaryotes (plant and animals)
c)
animals only
d)
viruses
170.

What is 1 in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

171.

What is 4 in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

172.

What is 5 in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

173.

In the top picture the operon is

a)

on

b)

off

174.

In the bottom picture the operon is

a)

on

b)

off

175.

All the genes in both a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are expressed at the same time.

a)

True

b)

False

176.

Prokaryotes regulate gene expression primarily

a)

in order to maintain homeostasis

b)

in response to changing environmental conditions

c)

during development as cells specialize

d)

Prokaryotes do not regulate gene expression. All genes are always on.

177.

One way to regulate the expression of a gene is to control the formation of mRNA. This is called ___ control.

a)

transcriptional

b)

translational

c)

post-transcriptional

d)

post-translational

178.

In order for a gene to be expressed, ___ must bind to the gene's ___, a specific sequence of nucleotides at one end of the gene, thus initiating transcription.

a)

DNA polymerase, promotor

b)

DNA polymerase, operator

c)

RNA polymerase, promotor

d)

RNA polymerase, operator

179.

Which of the following is/are similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

a)

both use proteins to interact with the DNA to control gene expression

b)

both have histones complexed with their DNA

c)

both separate the processes of transcription and translation spatially

d)

all of the above

180.

___ are DNA sequences which are often located far from the genes they regulate in eukaryotes where transcription activators can bind.

a)

histones

b)

promotors

c)

enhancers

181.

Which of the following are types of post-transcriptional control of genes in eukaryotes?

a)

alternative RNA splicing or processing

b)

gene silencing through RNA interference

c)

destruction of ubiquitin tagged proteins

d)

all of the above

182.
In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.
a)
transcription factors
b)
topoisomerase
c)
regulatory genes
d)
activators
183.

A mutation within the promoter region has occurred. What would potentially happen to transcription rate?

a)

Mutated promoters decrease the rate of transcription.

b)

Mutated promoters increase the rate of transcription.

c)

Mutated promoters can increase or decrease the rate of transcription.

d)

Mutated promoters cease transcription of the adjacent gene.

184.

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

a)

express different genes.

b)

contain different genes.

c)

use different genetic codes.

d)

have unique ribosomes

185.

Operons are found in which of the following organisms?

a)

Bacteria(prokaryotes)

b)

plants and animals(eukaryotes)

c)

only animals

d)

virsuses

186.

What type of gene control is shown in this image?

a)

processing control

b)

transcriptional control

c)

post translational control

d)

mRNA stability control

187.

In eukaryotes, an activator is a protein that...

a)

bind the operon

b)

binds the promoter

c)

binds the enhancer

d)

post-transcriptionally process RNA

188.

Negative control of gene expression is mediated by __ and results in a(n) __ in the frequency of transcription.

a)

activators, increase

b)

activators, decrease

c)

repressors, increase

d)

repressors, decrease

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