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Ecology

Total questions: 223

Worksheet time: 6hrs 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
2.
the first organisms that appear in an ecological community
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
3.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
4.

Why do grasses appear before shrubs in ecological succession?

a)

loosen the dirt for new trees to take roots?

b)

provide food for animals returning to the area

c)

require plenty of sunlight to make their own food

d)

can grow even in areas with shallow soil

5.

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

a)

Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees

b)

Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses

c)

Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees

d)

Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

6.

Secondary Succession on land always begin when _______ is still available.

a)

Rock

b)

Dirt

c)

Water

d)

Wind

7.

Lichens is a great pioneer species because it can survive with little or no _______.

a)

Grasses

b)

Warm Weather

c)

Soil

d)

Cold Weather

8.

___ are the first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession.

a)

foundational organisms

b)

introductory organisms

c)

primary organisms

d)

pioneer species

9.

What is the term that describes a steady and stable community?

a)

peak community

b)

turf community

c)

climax community

d)

disturbed community

10.

What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?

a)

Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock

b)

Plants die from drought and decompose

c)

Land is bulldozed and soil remains

11.

Which of the following correctly matches the catastrophic event with its impact?

a)

Heavy flooding increases the number of species in an area.

b)

A tornado causes seawater to move onto the coast.

c)

A hurricane increases erosion and makes a beach smaller.

d)

A wildfire increases the number of habitats for organisms.

12.

What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?

a)

primary begins with soil formation and secondary starts with soil intact

b)

primary is the first stage and secondary is the second stage

c)

primary builds plant communities and secondary builds animal communities

d)

primary occurs after natural disasters and secondary occurs after disturbances to the ecosystem

13.
Which is not an impact to the ecosystem after a drought?
a)
Water is scarce and causes organisms to find new sources of water elsewhere.
b)
Floods will wipe out all the vegetation
c)
Herbivores will have to leave and find food elsewhere
14.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
ecological succession
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
15.

What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

a)

Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil

b)

Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage

c)

Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community.

d)

Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil

16.

What type of succession is this?

a)

Primary succession

b)

Tertiary succession

c)

Secondary succession

d)

Variable succession

17.

Succession that occurs in an area with NO SOIL

a)

Ecological succession

b)

Secondary succession

c)

Primary succession

d)

Pioneer species

18.

What is the name given to lichen or moss after a primary succession

a)

Pioneer species

b)

Volunteer species

c)

Founder species

d)

Captain species

19.

What is the most important function of pioneer species?

a)

To create rocks

b)

To look nice

c)

Food for animals

d)

To create soil and add nutrients to the environment

20.

Secondary Succession on land always begin when _______ is still available.

a)

Rock

b)

Dirt

c)

Water

d)

Wind

21.

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

a)

Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees

b)

Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses

c)

Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees

d)

Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

22.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
23.

Match the following

a)
1.

Primary succession

b)
2.

pioneer species

c)
3.

abiotic factor

d)
4.

secondary sucession

e)
5.

climax community

24.
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
a)
Bushes and Shrubs
b)
Oak trees
c)
Mossess and Lichens 
d)
A rose Bush
25.

Primary or secondary ecological succession?

a)
b)
26.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
27.
What is the correct order from oldest (happened first) to youngest (happened last) in this pond succession?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
D, C, B, A
c)
B, A, D, C
d)
C, D, A, B
28.

What is a common characteristic among pioneer species?

a)

roots that break apart rocks

b)

long thick roots

c)

exposed surface roots

d)

soak up water quickly

29.

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

a)

Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

b)

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

c)

Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

d)

Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

30.

Breaking News! A new island has formed off of Hawaii! What must occur for it to become an ecosystem?

a)

Secondary Succession

b)

Aquatic succession

c)

Primary Succession

d)

Ferns must grow

31.

Which would most likely result in primary succession?

a)

old forest growing

b)

undisturbed prairie

c)

pollution kills mountain lake species

d)

a Newly formed volcanic island

32.

Primary succession occurs in areas with:

a)

very little soil

b)

lots of soil

c)

no soil

d)

soil that has been disturbed

33.

What best describes the term succession?

a)

rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

b)

gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

c)

forest with the tallest trees

d)

the rate species produce offspring

34.
The picture shows what type of succession?
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
tertiary
d)
quadanary
35.
the process by which a new community forms where no community lived before 
a)
resource
b)
invasive (non- native) species
c)
primary succession
d)
competition
36.

What do 'plants' do with the carbon they receive?

a)

They turn it into water

b)

They don't need carbon

c)

They turn it into food by photosynthesis

d)

They keep it forever

37.

How does carbon get from animals and back into the atmosphere? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Respiration (breathing)

b)

After they die, they are broken down by decomposers

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

None of these

38.

How do animals get carbon?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

They absorb it from the atmosphere

c)

The sun

d)

They eat other plants and animals

39.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
40.
How do living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?
a)
respiration and photosynthesis
b)
 decomposition and respiration
41.
Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)
volcanoes
b)
combustion of fossil fuels
c)
animal and plant respiration
d)
all of these
42.
Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?
a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
43.
The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?
a)
lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere
b)
lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere
c)
higher levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
d)
higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
44.

Which process contributes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

a)

respiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

tree farms

45.
Combustion is another word for __________.
a)
Transportation
b)
Respiration
c)
Fossil Fuels
d)
Burning
46.

The step of the nitrogen cycle that is in red is called...

a)

Denitrification

b)

Nitrification

c)

Nitrogen Fixation

d)

Ammonification

47.

The step of the nitrogen cycle that is in red is called...

a)

Denitrification

b)

Nitrification

c)

Nitrogen Fixation

d)

Ammonification

48.

The step of the nitrogen cycle that is in red is called...

a)

Denitrification

b)

Nitrification

c)

Nitrogen Fixation

d)

Ammonification

49.

Nitrogen fixation...

a)

animals eat the plants and other animals that contain nitrogen and release it through their waste

b)

Bacteria in the soil and lightning in the atmosphere “fix” the nitrogen

c)

Once in the ground, bacteria in the soil also nitrify the nitrogen

d)

plants absorb nitrogen through their roots and return it back to the atmosphere

50.

Nitrification...

a)

animals eat the plants and other animals that contain nitrogen and release it through their waste

b)

Bacteria in the soil and lightning in the atmosphere “fix” the nitrogen

c)

Once in the ground, bacteria in the soil also nitrify the nitrogen

d)

plants absorb nitrogen through their roots and return it back to the atmosphere

51.

Ammonification...

a)

animals eat the plants and other animals that contain nitrogen and release it through their waste

b)

Bacteria in the soil and lightning in the atmosphere “fix” the nitrogen

c)

Once in the ground, bacteria in the soil also nitrify the nitrogen

d)

plants absorb nitrogen through their roots and return it back to the atmosphere

52.

Denitrification...

a)

animals eat the plants and other animals that contain nitrogen and release it through their waste

b)

Bacteria in the soil and lightning in the atmosphere “fix” the nitrogen

c)

nitrogen is released back into the atmosphere from the animal’s waste or decomposers

d)

plants absorb nitrogen through their roots and return it back to the atmosphere

53.

Match the following

a)
1.

Nitrfying Bacteria

b)
2.

Plant

c)
3.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

d)
4.

atmosphere(air)

e)
5.

denitrfying bactera

54.

What is Nitrogen support with life

a)

Amino Acids and DNA

b)

Phosphates

c)

Sugars and fats

d)

Oil

55.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when bacteria convert ammonium to nitrite and then into nitrate?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

56.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes converts atmospheric nitrogen to a soil form of nitrogen that is usable by plants?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

57.
Organisms that need nitrogen to survive
a)
only plants
b)
only animals
c)
only bacteria
d)
all living organisms
58.
If the atmosphere is 78% N2, why can't we just get our nitrogen by breathing?
a)
We have no mechanism to break the triple bond of nitrogen between the atoms.
b)
Our lungs would be damaged by the N2.
c)
We need Oxygen for cellular respiration.
d)
The legumes take it up first.
59.
Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.
a)
True
b)
False
60.
After plants and animals contain nitrogen, what puts it back into atmosphere and soil?
a)
decomposition
b)
precipitation
c)
condensation
d)
bacteria
61.
Nitrification happens in the ______
a)
Air 
b)
Soil 
c)
Ground Water 
d)
Plants 
62.

Why is denitrification is important?

a)

Removes harmful nitrates from environment

b)

Uses up excess oxygen

c)

Nitrogen is better in the soil than the atmosphere

d)

Nitrates are better for the atmosphere

63.

How can Nitrogen gas (N2) be fixed into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through the action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through the action of bacteria and lightning

64.

True or False- Animals can get the Nitrogen they need directly from the soil bacteria just like plants do.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

A correct path that Nitrogen could take would be...

a)

Air--> Animals--> Plants--> Bacteria

b)

Air--> Bacteria--> Plants--> Animals

66.

Aquatic succession to a wetland

a)

10% of the energy moving up to the next trophic level

b)

Is a community transitioned to another in a natural order

c)

is a terrestial ecosystem turning to an aquatic ecosystem

d)

an ecosystem adapting to a natural disaster

67.

True or False: Bacteria fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form plants can use

a)

True

b)

False

68.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
69.
In the carbon cycle, producers take in the gas __
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon monoxide
70.
What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 
a)
They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels
b)
They are burn and release as carbon dioxide
c)
Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide
d)
They recycle energy back to the sun
71.
Which nutrient is not cycled through the atmosphere?
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
water
72.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
73.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
74.

This is NOT a part of the phosphorus cycle.

a)

Phosphate is incorporated into sedimentary rocks

b)

Phosphate bound to soil

c)

Atmospheric phosphate

d)

Phosphate is absorbed from the soil by plants

75.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
76.
_____ brings phosphorous into our waterways. .
a)
precipitation
b)
runoff
c)
transpiration
d)
condensation
77.

Select all the correct answers from menu.


What happens during nitrification?


During nitrification, bacteria convert ammonia into _______________

and ________________.

a)

nitrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

nitrite

d)

phosphorous

e)

nitrate

78.

why do organisms need nitrogen?

a)

Humans need nitrogen

b)

To manufacture proteins

c)

To store electricity

d)

Nitrogen is present in organic and inorganic forms

79.

What drives the water cycle?

a)

rain

b)

temperature

c)

the Sun

d)

rotation

80.

The diagram shows the process of evaporation over the ocean. What is the most likely effect of this process on the land areas nearby?

a)

Increased drought conditions

b)

Decreased erosion of the shoreline

c)

Increased precipitation

d)

Decreased solar energy

81.

This photograph shows a beach on a partly sunny day. Which of the following is an interaction between the sun and the ocean that results in clouds forming near the beach?

a)

Energy from the sun causes precipitation over the ocean.

b)

Energy from the sun causes water to evaporate from the ocean.

c)

Light from the sun reflects off the surface of the ocean.

d)

Light from the sun decreases the amount of water vapor in the air over the ocean.

82.

Jack noticed that a puddle was gone that was there on his walk to school. What happened to the puddle?

a)

It evaporated

b)

It melted

c)

It condensed

83.

Match the following

a)

occurs when the sun heats water up and it becomes vapor in the air.

1.

Evaporation

b)

the opposite of evaporation; it occurs when air cools and the vapor collects into liquid form.

2.

Condensation

c)

condensation falling onto land in the form of rain, sleet, hail, snow, and mist. Only 10% of water evaporated falls as precipitation.

3.

Precipitation

d)

the downward movement of water from the land surface into the soil or porous rock. Ground water begins as precipitation. Once water infiltrates the soil it can move vertically and horizontally through the soil.

4.

Infiltration

e)

is the water that exists for long periods below the Earth’s surface.

5.

Groundwater storage

84.

Earth's freshwater is located in 

a)

Lakes

b)

Rivers

c)

Oceans

d)

Soil

e)

Glaciers

85.
Question Image

Match the following

a)

Evaporation

1.

A

b)

Condensation

2.

B

c)

Precipitation

3.

C

d)

Transpiration

4.

D

e)

Groundwater

5.

E

86.

The image shows various stages in the water cycle. During which stage does water flow back towards the sea as runoff?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

87.

Which best explains why runoff is important?

a)

It returns water to other locations on Earth

b)

It increases the chance of flooding

c)

It makes evaporation occur faster

d)

It increases condensation

88.
Which of the following is the best answer based on this statement: This zone is the largest zone in the ocean.
a)
Neritic 
b)
Intertidal
c)
Oceanic
d)
Sunlight
89.
What are the two zones that distinguish between photosynthesis and chemo-synthesis? 
a)
aphotic and photic
b)
neritic and oceanic
c)
abyssal and midnight
d)
sunlight and twilight 
90.
This is the zone where the water is constantly changing. 
a)
Neritic 
b)
Intertidal
c)
Oceanic
d)
Abyssal
91.

What is the defining difference between the marine, freshwater, and estuary biomes?

a)

Salinity (dissolved salt)

b)

Sunlight

c)

Oxygen

d)

Amount of Water

92.

Which aquatic biome is characterized by where rivers meet oceans?

a)

Marine

b)

Freshwater

c)

Coral Reef

d)

Estuary

93.
When salt and fresh water mix, what is the new water substance called?
a)
Brackish Acid
b)
Fresh Water
c)
Salt Water
d)
Brackish Water
94.

Why does the water level in an estuary rise and fall?

a)

ocean tides bring water in and out of the shore, causing flooding in the estuary

b)

rivers add new water off and on through the day

c)

people all flush their toilets at the same time and it fills the estuary

d)

lots of rain makes the flooding

95.

Why is it important that plants like cattails and mangroves live only in the region of the estuary that is brackish water and stays partly flooded during the day?

a)

they have adaptations for living in freshwater and saltwater and need the waters to flood their roots each day.

b)

because if they lived close to the ocean, the turtles would eat them all

c)

because the water is too cold farther up by the river

96.

Why does it matter how much salt is in the water for organisms?

a)

the wrong amount of salt causes organisms to become ill or die

b)

they don't like the way it tastes

c)

salt makes it easier to swim

97.

Why is it important that plants and animals only live in a certain part of the estuary, like near the river, in the brackish water, or by the ocean?

a)

They can only have adaptations for one type of environment.

b)

Predators prevent them from living anywhere else.

c)

The soil is specific for each part of the estuary.

98.
A natural system linked by living (plants, animals) and nonliving (soil, air, water) things?
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Riverbasin
c)
Watershed
d)
Estuary
99.

What photos are the Mangroves tree?

a)
b)
c)
d)
100.

Which of the following is not part of the harsh environments mangroves endure

a)

High salt

b)

Hard ground

c)

Low oxygen

d)

Varying Tides

101.
Mangroves protect coastlines from erosion by acting as a natural barrier and flood defence. True or false?
a)
True
b)
False
102.

These are trees that grows along the coast located near large bodies of water like lakes and rivers.

a)

Coral Reefs

b)

Rainforest

c)

Mangroves

d)

Plants

103.

Mangrove swamps serve as important natural buffers, protecting upland areas from

a)

erosion and storm damage.

b)

saltwater intrusion.

c)

raw sewage spills.

d)

alien invasions.

104.

Which is true of swamps?

a)

there isn't a lot of water or rainfall there

b)

the ground floor of a swamp doesn't receive a lot of sunlight because of the tall plants

c)

the animals and plants that live there are very colorful

105.

What is a biome?

a)

the surroundings of where organisms (animals and plants) live

b)

an area that protects animals from being harmed by humans

c)

a glass arena where animals live to avoid predtators

106.

Which plant would you most likely find in a swamp?

a)

b)

c)

d)

107.

Which of the following is a saltwater ecosystem?

a)

Oceans

b)

River

c)

Ponds

d)

Lakes

108.

The forest ecosystem is a great source of oxygen and a filter of carbon dioxide.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

109.

Hunting animals for their parts is a threat to the forest ecosystem.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

110.

Coral reefs protect coastal villages.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

111.

Which terrestrial ecosystem is characterized by almost no rainfall, very hot days, and very cold nights?

a)

Tundra

b)

Temperate Forest

c)

Desert

d)

Grassland

112.

Which of the following ecosystems is characterized by flat land, little rainfall, and low growing plants such as grass and wildflowers?

a)

Grassland

b)

Taiga

c)

Tundra

d)

Tropical Rainforest

113.

Swamps, marshes, and rivers are all examples of ____________ ecosystems.

a)

Saltwater

b)

Oceans

c)

Freshwater

d)

Tropical Rainforest

114.

Which of the following ecosystem has a high salinity factor?

a)

River

b)

Ocean

c)

Pond

d)

Lake

115.

What does "terrestrial" mean?

a)

Water

b)

Land

c)

Animals

d)

Plants

116.

How are aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems different?

a)

Aquatic has animals

b)

Aquatic is water, terrestrial is land

c)

Terrestrial has trees

d)

Terrestrial is water, aquatic is land

117.
Which of these is NOT a freshwater biome?
a)
coral reef
b)
flowing water
c)
wetlands
d)
ponds and lakes
118.

What aquatic biome is characterized by flowing fresh water?

a)

Lakes/Ponds

b)

Mangroves Swamps

c)

Rivers/Streams

d)

Coral Reefs

119.

Termites are tiny insects that can cause severe damage to homes and other structures that consist of wood. Termites are an example of what type of factor.

a)

Biotic

b)

Abiotic

120.

John takes the subway to work every morning. He enjoys drinking his coffee and talking to people that sit near him. The other people on the subway are an example of what type of factor?

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

121.
What are the biotic factors in this image?
a)
sunlight, elephants, and grasses
b)
sunlight, water,  and air
c)
elephants, plants, trees 
122.

A palm tree is an example of a(n):

a)

Abiotic factor

b)

Biotic factor

123.

Temperature is an example of a(n):

a)

Abiotic factor

b)

Biotic factor

124.

Fungus is an example of a(n):

a)

Abiotic factor

b)

Biotic factor

125.

The largest number of individuals that an environment can support long term is...

a)

carrying capacity

b)

emigration

c)

immigration

d)

population density

126.

What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?

a)

The population keeps growing

b)

The population starts to die off

c)

The entire species will go extinct

d)

The carrying capacity just increases

127.

Something that regulates the size of a population is called...

a)

a limiting measure

b)

a limiting factor

c)

carrying capacity

d)

biodiversity

128.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

1000

b)

8000

c)

800

d)

600

129.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

around 500

b)

more than 800

c)

less than 300

d)

around 700

130.

What is the carrying capacity of the graph?

a)

around 500

b)

more than 800

c)

less than 300

d)

around 700

131.
Which of the following would INCREASE the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
a)
increase in predators
b)
disease
c)
increase in available food
d)
drought
132.

The system that contains all living things on Earth.

a)

Biosphere

b)

Atmoshpere

c)

Hydrosphere

d)

Geosphere

133.

A habitat is the natural surroundings or home of an organism.

a)

True

b)

False

134.

Animal that gets its energy and nutrition from eating plants.

a)

Parasite

b)

Herbivore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Ominvore

135.

All energy in an ecosystem comes from the sun. This energy is passed through the ecosystem as organisms eat other organsims.

a)

Ominvores

b)

Herbivores

c)

Detritivores

d)

Flow of energy

136.

Animal that gets its energy and nutrition from eating meat.

a)

Detritivore

b)

Ominvore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Herbivore

137.

Organisms that produce their own food mostly through photosynthesis (producers). Examples are plants and algae.

a)

Ominvore

b)

Detritivore

c)

Heterotroph

d)

Autotroph

138.

Organisms that get their energy and nutrition from other organisms (consumers).

a)

Heterotroph

b)

Autotroph

c)

Decomposer

d)

Detritivore

139.

The level in an Ecological pyramid that includes all the organisms that share the same place in a food chain.

a)

Trophic Levels

b)

Toxic Levels

c)

KeKe Levels

d)

Environmental Systems

140.

Only 10% of the energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next. 90% is lost as heat due to cellular respiration or waste.

a)

Tertiary Consumer

b)

Biotic Factor

c)

Abiotic Factor

d)

10% Rule

141.

The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to plants, to animals to the soil and back into the atmosphere.

a)

Bi-Cycle

b)

Nitrogen Cycle

c)

Carbon Cycle

d)

Abiotic Cycle

142.

The flow of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to plants, to animals and then back to the soil or back into the atmosphere.

a)

Nitrogen Cycle

b)

Carbon Cycle

c)

Trophic Cycle

d)

Abiotic Cycle

143.

Parts of an ecosystem that are not living. Examples: water, soil, sunlight, temperature, altitude.

a)

Detritivores

b)

Herbivores

c)

Biotic Factors

d)

Abiotic Factors

144.

Parts of an ecosystem that are living or deal with the living. Examples include producers, consumers, decomposers, predation, disease, competition, parasitism, and symbiosis.

a)

Abiotic Factors

b)

Biotic Factors

c)

Community

d)

Population

145.
This organism draws its nutrients from dead organisms as it releases enzymes to cause the organisms to break down and break apart. Is it a...
a)
Producer
b)
Consumer
c)
Decomposer
146.
Which term refers to the study of organisms and their interactions within the environment?
a)
biosphere
b)
niche
c)
ecology
d)
habitat
147.
Which term refers to the place where an organism obtains everything they need to survive?
a)
biosphere
b)
habitat
c)
niche
d)
ecology
148.

All the alligators in the same area are an example of a(n) _______________.

a)

organism

b)

community

c)

population

d)

group

149.
Which of the following is an example of a community?
a)

All the tiger sharks in the ocean.

b)

All the oak trees in a forest.

c)

All the cows on a farm. 

d)

The plants and animals in the same area.

150.

Reorder the following from least to greatest (from left to right).

a)

organism

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

e)

biome

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
151.

What is significant about the first three (3) levels of organization in the environment?

a)

The first three (3) levels have only abiotic factors.

b)

The first three (3) levels have only ionic factors.

c)

The first three (3) levels have only biotic factors.

d)

The first three (3) levels have abiotic and biotic factors.

152.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
153.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
154.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
155.
If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available?
a)
coyote
b)
insect
c)
lizard
d)
shrub
156.
Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?
a)
Owl
b)
Grasshopper
c)
Lilypad
d)
Mouse
157.
The largest group of organisms found in a food web would be:
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
158.
A third-level consumer has to be which type?
a)
Carnivore.
b)
Decomposer.
c)
Producer.
d)
Herbivore.
159.
A secondary consumer 
a)
eats primary consumers
b)
eats producers
c)
eats plants
160.
Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?
a)
Ticks feeding on a dog
b)
Bees transporting pollen from flowers
c)
Pilotfish swimming under sharks
d)
Birds eating the insects fromo the back of hippo
161.
Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?
a)
Ticks feeding on a dog
b)
Bees transporting pollen from flowers
c)
Pilotfish swimming under sharks
d)
Birds eating the insects fromo the back of hippo
162.
A close long term association between 2 or more species
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Symbiosis
d)
Parasitism
163.
Relationship where both organism benefit
a)
Competition
b)
Commensalism
c)
Mutualism
d)
Parasitism
164.
Relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
a)
Commensalism
b)
Parasitism
c)
Mutualism
d)
Competition
165.

A relationship where one organism benefits and another is harmed

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Competition

166.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
167.

Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not. This is an example of parasitism.

a)

true

b)

false

168.

What is a population?

a)

One individual member of a species

b)

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

c)

a community of different species and their environment

169.

Which is an example of an ecosystem?

a)

An area of cold climate and communities of different species

b)

one elk

c)

a group of elks living together in the same area

d)

elks, snow rabbits, and owls living in the same area

170.

Which definition best fits the term BIOTIC?

a)

The study of the interactions between animals and their environment

b)

Factors in the environment that are considered not alive

c)

Factors in the environment that are considered living or the remains of living things

171.

One species benefits, the other is unaffected

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

172.

Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then, the honey guide birds eat as well.

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

173.

Tapeworms reside in human intestine and take nutrients from the human

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

174.

Vines grow on a tree. The vines get light but the tree is not affected. What kind of relationship is this?

a)

Competition

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Parasitism

175.
An organism that helps to recycle nutrients within an ecosystem by eating dead or decaying organisms is a:
a)

Predator

b)

Autotroph

c)

Producer

d)

Decomposer

176.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

177.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten.

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

c)

They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 

d)

They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

178.
The fox in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Tertiary Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
179.

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

a)

Grasses and ants

b)

Ants and grasshoppers

c)

Grasshoppers and Texas Cottonmouths

d)

Texas cottonmouths and red shouldered hawks

180.
What are plants called in a food chain?
a)

Producers /Autotrophs

b)

Consumers /Heterotrophs

c)

Decomposers

d)

Scavengers

181.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
182.

Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming FROM them in a food web?

a)

More than one organism may eat them.

b)

They may eat more than one other organism.

c)

This organism gets its energy from multiple sources.

183.
What is missing from this food chain?
Grass > Grasshopper > Bird > Snake
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
184.

Match the following

a)

Decomposer

1.

This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.

b)

Predator

2.

This is an animal that lives by preying on other animals.

c)

Producer

3.

This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.

d)

Consumer

4.

This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; heterotroph

e)

Parasite

5.

This is an organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, a larger organism

185.

What happens to the amount of available energy in the pyramid as it moves up through the different levels?

a)

it increases

b)

it decreases

c)

it remains the same

186.

In any food web, the organisms that are responsible for converting raw energy into usable chemical energy are collectively called ________ while organisms that recycle the nutrients trapped in dead organisms are collectively called ________.

a)

producers;consumers

b)

producers; decomposers

c)

consumers; decomposers

187.
An area where an organism finds food, shelter and water in a specific arrangement
a)
niche
b)
biosphere
c)
biome
d)
habitat
188.
Maria and her classmates are observing animals at the pond. They notice that wood storks and ibisies both feed on fish. Which of these describes the relationship between these two birds.
a)
Parasitism
b)
Competition
c)
Predator and prey
d)
Producer and consumer
189.

What is a population?

a)

One individual member of a species

b)

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

c)

a community of different species and their environment

190.

Which is an example of an ecosystem?

a)

An area of cold climate and communities of different species

b)

one elk

c)

a group of elks living together in the same area

d)

elks, snow rabbits, and owls living in the same area

191.

Which definition best fits the term BIOTIC?

a)

The study of the interactions between animals and their environment

b)

Factors in the environment that are considered not alive

c)

Factors in the environment that are considered living or the remains of living things

192.

One species benefits, the other is unaffected

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

193.

Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then, the honey guide birds eat as well.

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

194.

Tapeworms reside in human intestine and take nutrients from the human

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

195.

Vines grow on a tree. The vines get light but the tree is not affected. What kind of relationship is this?

a)

Competition

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Parasitism

196.
An organism that helps to recycle nutrients within an ecosystem by eating dead or decaying organisms is a:
a)

Predator

b)

Autotroph

c)

Producer

d)

Decomposer

197.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

198.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten.

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

c)

They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 

d)

They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

199.
The fox in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Tertiary Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
200.

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

a)

Grasses and ants

b)

Ants and grasshoppers

c)

Grasshoppers and Texas Cottonmouths

d)

Texas cottonmouths and red shouldered hawks

201.
What are plants called in a food chain?
a)

Producers /Autotrophs

b)

Consumers /Heterotrophs

c)

Decomposers

d)

Scavengers

202.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
203.

Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming FROM them in a food web?

a)

More than one organism may eat them.

b)

They may eat more than one other organism.

c)

This organism gets its energy from multiple sources.

204.
What is missing from this food chain?
Grass > Grasshopper > Bird > Snake
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
205.

Match the following

a)

Decomposer

1.

This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.

b)

Predator

2.

This is an animal that lives by preying on other animals.

c)

Producer

3.

This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.

d)

Consumer

4.

This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; heterotroph

e)

Parasite

5.

This is an organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, a larger organism

206.

What happens to the amount of available energy in the pyramid as it moves up through the different levels?

a)

it increases

b)

it decreases

c)

it remains the same

207.

In any food web, the organisms that are responsible for converting raw energy into usable chemical energy are collectively called ________ while organisms that recycle the nutrients trapped in dead organisms are collectively called ________.

a)

producers;consumers

b)

producers; decomposers

c)

consumers; decomposers

208.
An area where an organism finds food, shelter and water in a specific arrangement
a)
niche
b)
biosphere
c)
biome
d)
habitat
209.
Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. This neither harms nor benefits the whales.
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
210.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the spruce tree to the tree's detriment.
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitisim
c)
mutualism
211.

Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit.

a)

commensalism

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

212.
Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails. This neither harms nor benefits the snails.
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
213.
As buffalos walk through grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by cowbirds. This neither harms nor benefits the buffalo.
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
214.

A flea feeds on a mouse's blood to the mouse's harm.

a)

commensalism

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

215.

Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass's body. Both species benefit.

a)

commensalism

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

216.
Ticks feed on deer blood to the deer's detriment.
a)
commensalism
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
217.
Honey guide birds alerts and directs badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then the honey guide bird eats. Both species benefit.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitim
218.
Types of orchids grow high on the branches of the tall kapok trees of the jungle. This adaptation allows the orchid to get to the light. The tree is not harmed.
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
219.
The otters help the kelp by eating the sea urchins which consume the kelp endangering it. The kelp provides an anchor for the otter to wrap around themselves while they sleep.
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
220.

Cattle egrets are birds that forage in fields among cattle. The egrets get easy access to food and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

221.

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

222.

Silverfish live and hunt with army ants. They share the prey. They neither help nor harm the ants.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

223.

Clown fish live among anemones, acting as a lure for the sea anemone's prey. The clown fish gets protection and shelter from the anemone.

This is an example of which type of symbiosis?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Mutualism

c)

Parasitism

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