Crime carried out as a form of business by a group can be defined as organized crime.

The number of intergovernmental organizations is higher than the number of international non-governmental organizations.

The work of supranational bodies is based on the agreement of treaties that usually carry fewer obligations than most conventional treaties.

In 2016, 103 of the world’s 500 biggest corporations listed in the Fortune Global 500 were Chinese.

The European Economic Community was established in 1949 in Paris.

The absence of a regime does not indicate a lack of progress.

Among all networks of international organizations, the United Nations is the most senior and prominent.

International treaties are usually enforced by related international courts.

There are about 5,000 international treaties currently in force.

Globalization is not just about the strengthening of economic ties, but includes the strengthening of political, cultural, and technological ties.

The so-called great powers were characterized by their large militaries and economies, and their global interests.

The end of the Cold War brought about stability and predictability.

The international energy crisis in October 1973 caused by the war between Israel and the Arabs resulted in quadrupling of the price of oil by Arab oil producers and worsened the international monetary turbulence during this period.

Globalization has led to the dominance of Western culture throughout the world.

Hyperglobalists believe that we now live in a borderless world and that the role of national governments has been reduced at the expense of multinational corporations.

American dominance was at its peak after the end of World War II.

Argentina is one of the fastest growing economies of the Global North.

An example of American imperialism is the annexation of Hawaii in 1898, which allowed the United States to gain possession and control of all ports, buildings and public property that originally belonged to the Government of Hawaii.

The creation of the Non-Aligned Movement was an effort by many newly independent states to send a message about their desire not to side with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

The developing members of the United Nations could not be ignored as many had large or rapidly growing populations, often large labor forces, and often valuable stocks of raw materials.

The book argues that the modern world is also the Western/European world, and that the West has been unaffected by external developments.

Historians mainly date the modern era to the early 16th century and the European Renaissance.

The industrial revolution began in Europe in the 1600s.

The legal non-citizen residents of a state do not have the same rights as the citizens of a state.

The Democracy Index is maintained by Freedom House, a US-based non-profit organization.

The first wave of expansion of the state system came in the early 19th century, with the independence of Spanish and Portuguese territories in Latin America. This created 15 new states, including Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.

In contrast to a state, a nation is not defined by any legal or political borders but by the history and culture of its people.

Democracies have more open and engaged positions while authoritarian systems have closed and protective positions within the global system.

Nations coincide with states to form a diaspora.

The term nation is often seen as interchangeable with the concept of ethnicity.

Authority and legitimacy are related in the sense that the first means the right to act and the second means recognition of the right to act.

A sovereign state is one that does not come under the legal control or jurisdiction of another state.

A multinational state is defined as a state whose citizens share a common national identity.

Article 25 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights states that, “Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working 72 hours and periodic holidays with pay.”

There is now almost universal and equal internet access across and within all the countries of the world.

A person who is not willing to discuss varied opinions and does not agree to disagree will not be comfortable living in an echo chamber.

An increase in tourist activities beyond a certain level may adversely affect the local environment.

The work of social scientists makes it possible for us to understand what is happening in the world.

South Korean boyband phenomenon BTS have become the first K-Pop group to rise to the top of the US album charts. The popularity of the band is the consequence of the power of social media. The band’s global reach was made possible by the digital revolution.

Paris-based World Health Organization (WHO) classified Video Game Addiction as a disorder in 2018.

Social science is the study of the social world with the goal of establishing core truths and developing general laws.

Nigeria, which is expected to be the third most populous country in 2050 replacing the USA, has a lower life expectancy than the USA.

The term technology applies only to electronic and digital products such as computers, the internet, smart phones, etc.

Most INGOs have been created as the result of initiatives by governments rather than by ordinary people.

International law is not supported by the kinds of political, judicial, and police systems found with state law.

The existence and work of international non-governmental organizations is one of the main indications of the existence of a global civil society.

Laws are made by domestic legislatures, and treaties by the governments of states.

Among all networks of international organizations, the United Nations is the most senior and prominent.

The European Court of Human Rights is the judicial organ of the United Nations.

The Geneva Conventions on the treatment of wounded military personnel, prisoners of war, and civilians apply only during times of significant armed conflict.

The invasion of Kuwait by Saddam Hussein is an example of a territorial war.

In international relations, realism is the theory which argues that it is more realistic – in the interests of peace – to build cooperative international institutions.

Structural violence describes the maintenance of processes and conditions that trap people through discrimination, degradation, and abuse.

The Vietnam War launched by the United States was a clear example of a just war.

Terrorism includes sustained armed conflicts between states.

A guerrilla war is one in which insurgents fight governments with small arms, using a combination of sabotage and hit-and-run tactics.

The state of positive peace can be attained if active efforts are made to avoid conflict through diplomacy, justice, and human rights for all.

One theory about the cause of war is that it is the result of tensions between sovereign states in a world that is anarchic, in the sense that it lacks an institutional or legal means for regulating disputes.

A negative peace is one that is sustained only by the constant threat of violence.

The term total war describes one that is unrestricted, mobilizes all resources, has military and civilian targets, and where war is given priority over non-combatant needs.

Diplomacy is the art and practice of managing relations between states through coercion and sanctions.

One of the root causes of civil war in many African states is the heritage of colonialism.

Terrorism is a problem that was all but unknown before the 1970s.

Living sustainably implies living in a way that does not reduce the natural capital of resources and ensures their availability in future.

Civil rights are the rights to which humans are entitled simply by virtue of being human.

The Banjul charter recommends the elimination of all forms of foreign exploitation, particularly that practised by international monopolies.

Universalists believe that all humans possess an equal set of rights, regardless of who they are.

Like migration, there is not much of a global regime on human rights. We have made particularly little progress in developing international treaties with human rights as their focus.

Today, slavery is found in forms such as bonded labour, forced migrant labour, child labour, and sex slavery.

Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who spent many years under house arrest, was a prisoner of conscience.

Prior to Magna Carta, monarchs were considered to derive their authority from God and were not subject to the laws of the land.

Civil liberties are regarded as universal and inalienable.

According to the thinkers like Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke, natural rights were not dependent upon states to declare them or on documents to legitimize them.

GDP is a measure of the relative size of the world economies.

The US dollar has been the world’s most credible and stable currency since the 1950s.

About 82 per cent of the wealth generated globally in 2017 was controlled by one per cent of the world’s population.

Special Drawing Right, an artificial currency created by IMF, is no longer used as a reserve currency.

Relative poverty is based on setting a threshold and defining all those who live below that threshold as poor.

Microfinance is a form of lending and investing directed at small businesses in rich and poor countries alike.

China recently overtook the United States to become the biggest economy in the world.

Neoliberalism is an economic philosophy based on economic liberalization that has been adopted by many Northern countries since the 1980s.

Development can be defined as the improvement of the economic and social well-being of peoples, communities, or states.

Almost every wealthy country has met the UN target of giving two per cent of its GNI to poor countries in the form of development aid.

Economic freedom is a measure of the level of government intervention in an economy.

The global financial regime consists of institutions and agreements focused exclusively on matters relating to investments.

A country is said to suffer from a resource curse when it has a single profitable resource that creates economic problems.

Policies such as progressive taxes and state-run health care are part of socialist economic systems.

Fordism describes the mass production of standardized goods on an assembly line, using specialized and semi-skilled labour.

Sanctions are financial aid to businesses, agriculture, or particular industries, designed to help them survive.

The term intellectual property refers to copyrights, but not to trademarks, patents, or designs.

Mercantilism was popular in parts of western Europe during the 19th century.

The buying or selling of goods and services online is called e-commerce.

Dumping happens when a country exports a product and sells it in large volumes and at a lower price than the price charged at home.

Preferential trade agreements are in line with WTO policies on free trade.

An economic union is a single market among participating countries, with free movement of people, capital, goods, and services, and a common external trade policy.

The WTO was created in 1948 as part of the Bretton Woods system.

The Silk Road was a trade route established in 3rd century BC between China and the West for the transport of silk, slaves, and spices.

The European Union has a common EU immigration policy.

When we talk about migration, we are only concerned with the movement of people across international borders.

People who are forced to move from home as a result of local political, economic, social, or environmental disruption are called asylum-seekers.

The proportion of legal immigrants in the United States has never been higher than 15%, even during the height of immigration from Europe in 1880−1920.

The European Union uses a point system for expectant immigrants, issuing greater points to those with a strong work experience, a good education, and a strong financial foundation

Several Middle Eastern countries, such as Saudi Arabia, have been a major target of immigration because of political instability in neighbouring states.

Emigrants can play an important role in the economic development of their source countries by sending back ideas, business opportunities, and remittances.

When people migrate, it is almost always to seek better economic opportunities or greater political freedom and never for reasons as simple as better weather or a more comfortable social environment.

There are around 2 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States.

The European Union and the United States are the two parts of the world with the greatest number of immigrants.

Nativism is the view that the interests of the immigrants and of the natives in a state should be given equal priority.

Australia and Europe are the biggest sources of immigration to the United States.

In 2015, around ten per cent of the total population of the European Union was foreign born.

Founded in Geneva in 1863, the International Committee of the Red Cross is the oldest humanitarian organization.

Although the absolute number of migrants has increased to all-time highs in recent decades, the number of migrants as a percentage of the world’s population has remained about the same for the last century.

What is the current global human population?

Which of the following population-related problems does the South face in contrast to the North?

What is a common pool resource?

Food wastage takes place in which of the following stages of food production and supply?

The country predicted to overtake China within the next few years as the most populous country is:

“India is projected to overtake China in the next few years, reaching almost two billion before its numbers start to decline after 2050.” According to the demographic transition model, in which of the following four stages does India fall?

Which of the following is not a basis of ocean power generation?

Which of these rates is high in Africa, nearly zero in most European countries, and negative in Japan and Russia?

What percentage of the world’s population now lives in a town or city?

Globally speaking, what percentage of adults are now considered obese?

Which of the following policy statements does not align with the design principles laid out by Elinor Ostrom?

What are the features of a global city?

What was the green revolution?

Which of the following is the correct descending order of the global sources of primary energy supplies?

The Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature in 2002.

The tension between countries taking contrasting positions on environmental policy is referred to as leader-laggard dynamic.

The term environment refers to our physical surroundings, excluding the built entities like offices and homes.

Thanks to the weakness of states and intergovernmental organizations in addressing environmental problems, international non-governmental organizations are becoming more influential.

The most recent agreement under the climate change convention was signed in Geneva in December 2010.

Tourism promotes the conservation of the natural habitats of wild animals and birds.

UNEP is a full-fledged UN agency with the same status as FAO, WHO, and the IMF.