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Worksheets

Ecology

Total questions: 237

Worksheet time: 3hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the another name for the water cycle?

a)

Hydrologic cycle

b)

Surface runoff

c)

Groundwater

d)

Condensation

e)

Percupritation

2.

Biogeochemical cycle is the

a)

All of the above

b)

Communities throughout the ecosystem

c)

Movement of carbon, oxygen nitrogen, and phosphorus through an ecosystem

d)

Population throughout the ecosystem

3.

Precipitation

Means

a)

Water, transportation

b)

Water leaving atmosphere and going to the ground

c)

Water going back up to the sky’s

d)

Water evaporation

4.

Next the water vapor returned to the atmosphere

a)

Evaporation

b)

Bodies of water

c)

Moving water

d)

Water turning to ice

5.

Water vapor comes from ground or bodies of water is called

a)

Or hot water

b)

Cold water

c)

Different type of water

d)

Transportation

6.

Water is the most

a)

Important chemical compound

b)

Important thing that we need for our bodies

c)

Most hot

d)

Most cold

7.

The amount of water can determine

a)

The plants and animals living in the area

b)

The whole world

c)

The whole community

d)

The whole population

8.

Burning fossil fuels releases

a)

Sulfur, detox, and nitrogen, gas

b)

Smoke in the air

c)

Acids in the air

d)

All of the above

9.

The movement of carbon throughout four places

a)

The ocean

b)

Rock in fossil fuel

c)

Living

d)

The atmosphere

e)

Or all of the above

10.

Carbon fixation is

a)

Converting carbon in CO2 to carbon and sugar molecules/carbohydrates

b)

Releases carbon in CO2 up in the air

c)

Turn carbon into oxygen

d)

Giving carbon to animals

11.

Conbustion

a)

The burning of fossil fuel

b)

The burning of carbon

c)

The burning of nitrogen

d)

The burning of fossil fuel/nature gas COAL to release

12.

Carbon is one of the most important atoms that make up ________ __________.

a)

energy molecules

b)

abiotic matter

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

biotic matter

13.

Carbon is a type of atom.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

14.

What are the little green spots inside the cell called?

a)

little beads

b)

energy storage molecules

c)

chloroplasts

d)

producers

15.

The difference between weather and climate is that climate is:

a)

The average, year-to-year conditions

b)

The day-to-day conditions

c)

Described in terms of months at a time

d)

B and C are both correct

16.

What is the greenhouse effect?

a)

It is a phenomenon where the sun’s rays are absorbed by clouds.

b)

It is a phenomenon that occurs when heat escapes into space.

c)

It is when heat is trapped by gases, then sent back to earth’s surface.

d)

It describes the atmosphere’s composition.

17.

In the woods, there are ducks and mice. They both compete for grasshoppers as the only source of food in that area at that time. The ducks outcompete the mice, and the mice die out in that area. This is an example of:

a)

Neutralism

b)

Commensalism

c)

The competitive exclusion principle

d)

Mutualism

18.

In the wild, some alligators gets their teeth cleaned by birds. The birds gets their food from the alligators' teeth.

What type of symbiosis is this?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Neutralism

19.
Consumer that eats plants
a)
heterotroph
b)
herbivore
c)
producer
d)
community
20.
Organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
a)
herbivore
b)
decomposer
c)
heterotroph
d)
species
21.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
22.
Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?
a)
Owl
b)
Grasshopper
c)
Lilypad
d)
Mouse
23.

Barnacles are animals that cannot move. In order to get food, they attach to whales and catch any floating plankton in the water. The whale is neither helped nor harmed in the interaction. What type of symbiosis is this?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Neutralism

24.

In an ecosystem, there are populations of moose, rabbits, grass, and pine trees. Suddenly, a fire blazes through the area, which kills all of the populations. As the months go on, new species of grass begin to take root. This attracts animals, and eventually the ecosystem is restored.


What type of ecological succession happened?

a)

Primary succession

b)

Secondary succession

c)

Tertiary succession

d)

None of the above

25.

In this photo, what is an abiotic factor?

a)

Deer

b)

Grass

c)

rain

26.

What is this picture describing?

a)

It is describing natural selection.

b)

It is describing direct competition between flamingos and ducks.

c)

It is describing abiotic factors of the tundra.

d)

It is describing the niche of each bird.

27.

What Biome is covered in permafrost (frozen subsoils)?

a)

Tropical Rain Forest

b)

Desert

c)

Tundra

d)

Tropical Savanna

28.

What Biome is also known as the grasslands?

a)

Tropical Rain Forest

b)

Desert

c)

Tundra

d)

Tropical Savanna

29.

What Biome is very dry; receives very little rainfall?

a)

Tropical Rain Forest

b)

Desert

c)

Tundra

d)

Tropical Savanna

30.

What Biome is covered in a dense canopy and an understory?

a)

Tropical Rain Forest

b)

Desert

c)

Tundra

d)

Tropical Savanna

31.

As a part of the water cycle, water from Earth's surface enters the clouds and finally falls back to the ground in the form of rain. What is the correct sequence of processes water undergoes?

a)

Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation

b)

Precipitation, Condensation, Evaporation

c)

Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation

d)

Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensation

32.

The image shows various stages in the water cycle. During which stage does water flow back towards the sea as runoff?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

33.

What is precipitation?

a)

Sweat from our bodies on hot days

b)

Warm rain but not cold snow or sleet

c)

Gas that we use in furnaces or ovens

d)

Any form of water that falls from the sky

34.

Condensation occurs when water vapor_____________.

a)

heats up and becomes liquid water

b)

cools off and becomes liquid water

c)

freezes and becomes ice

d)

rains on the land

35.

The process when plants release water vapor from their leaves is called _____________.

a)

precipitation

b)

evaporation

c)

transpiration

d)

condensation

36.
What step of the water cycle occurs when clouds become too heavy? 
a)
Condensation
b)
Runoff
c)
Precipitation
d)
Evaporation
37.
What is the process during which water cools and turns from a gas to a liquid?
a)
Condensation
b)
Runoff
c)
Precipitation
d)
Evaporation
38.

What step of the water cycle does this picture show?

a)

Condensation

b)

Runoff

c)

Precipitation

d)

Evaporation

39.

Which best explains why runoff is important?

a)

It returns water to other locations on Earth

b)

It increases the chance of flooding

c)

It makes evaporation occur faster

d)

It increases condensation

40.
The water cycle has
a)
a beginning and an end. 
b)
no beginning an no end. 
c)
only a beginning. 
d)
only an end. 
41.
What source of energy evaporates the most water from Earth’s surface?
a)
volcanoes
b)
the sun
c)
lightning
d)
wind
42.

What are formed when water vapor condenses and come together?

a)

Clouds

b)

Mountains

c)

Transpiration

d)

Valleys

43.

When clouds get too heavy and water falls back to earth in the form of rain, snow, hail or other forms.

a)

Precipitation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Percolation

d)

Transpiration

44.

Water running off the land surface

a)

Evaporation

b)

Sublimation

c)

Transpiration

d)

Run-off

45.

Turns frozen water into water vapors - skipping the melting stage

a)

Sublimation

b)

Percolation

c)

Transpiration

d)

Evaporation

46.

An underground layer of sand, gravel or rock that stores and carries water

a)

water table

b)

water cycle

c)

aquifer

d)

Infiltration

47.

In which area would the rate of evaporation be the lowest?

a)

Over the ocean

b)

Over the mountains

c)

Over the rainforest

d)

Over the desert

48.
How animals get the nitrogen they need
a)
from the air they breathe
b)
from the water they drink
c)
from the food they eat
d)
from the Sun
49.
Organisms that need nitrogen to survive
a)
only plants
b)
only animals
c)
only bacteria
d)
all living organisms
50.
Organisms that play a role in the nitrogen cycle
a)
only plants
b)
only animals
c)
only bacteria
d)
plants, animals, & bacteria
51.
Bacteria fix nitrogen on plant roots. Plant roots provide sugar to bacteria. This is an example of
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
52.
All plants have nitrogen fixing nodules on their roots.
a)
True
b)
False
53.
Nitrogen rich fertilizers and manure can cause water pollution.
a)
True
b)
False
54.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants
a)
only through action of bacteria
b)
only through lightning
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
55.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants
a)
only through action of bacteria
b)
only through lightning
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
56.
How plants get the nitrogen they need
a)
from the air
b)
from the soil or water in which they live
c)
from the Sun
d)
from broken down rocks
57.
Organism that breaks down dead plants & animals and releases nitrogen back into atmosphere
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
58.
Gas that makes up almost 80% of Earth's atmosphere
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
nitrogen
d)
hydrogen
59.
What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 
a)
They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels
b)
They are burn and release as carbon dioxide
c)
Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide
d)
They recycle energy back to the sun
60.

This is NOT a part of the phosphorus cycle.

a)

Phosphate is incorporated into sedimentary rocks

b)

Phosphate bound to soil

c)

Atmospheric phosphate

d)

Phosphate is absorbed from the soil by plants

61.
Phosphorous is passed from plants to ____ who eat them
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
scavengers
62.
_____ brings phosphorous into our waterways. .
a)
precipitation
b)
runoff
c)
transpiration
d)
condensation
63.
Which of the following statements is true of the phosphorus cycle?
a)
Phosphorus enters the atmosphere as phosphates.
b)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes the processes of erosion, and weathering.
c)
Phosphates are used in carbohydrate and glucose storage.
d)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes bacteria to breakdown phosphates and make them available for plants.
64.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
65.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
66.

Too much phosphorus in waterways (rivers, lakes) can lead to___________.

a)

eutrophication

b)

Nothing

c)

Death

d)

diseases

67.

An algal bloom is the rapid growth of a population of

a)

fungi

b)

protozoans

c)

algae

68.

Organisms that break down dead plants & animals and release nitrogen back into atmosphere...

a)

bacteria

b)

plants

c)

animals

d)

producers

69.

All living organisms are mainly composed of what elements?

a)

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

b)

Carbon, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Oxygen

c)

Sodium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

d)

Calcium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Oxygen

70.

Which of the following is NOT true of phosphorus and the phosphorus cycle?

a)

Phosphorus is mined from phosphorus rich rock, which is processed and then added to commercial inorganic fertilizers as well as detergents.

b)

Phosphorus tends to be more localized compared with other biogeochemical cycles that can move more freely in the global system.

c)

Phosphorus is generally found in rocks, sediments, and soil.

d)

Phosphorus does not exist in the atmosphere as a gas.

e)

Living organisms do not need phosphorus.

71.

Phosphorus is mainly found (stored) in the atmosphere.

a)

True

b)

False

72.
Which of the following statements is true of the phosphorus cycle?
a)
Phosphorus enters the atmosphere as phosphates.
b)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes the processes of erosion, and weathering.
c)
Phosphates are used in carbohydrate and glucose storage.
d)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes bacteria to breakdown phosphates and make them available for plants.
73.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
74.

What does the root "bio" mean...

a)

living

b)

nonliving

c)

toxic

d)

variety

75.

What does the root "diversity" mean...

a)

living

b)

nonliving

c)

toxic

d)

variety

76.

(a)   is the variety of living things in the world.

77.

How do biodiversity and stability work together?

a)

The lower the biodiversity the greater the stability of an ecosystem.

b)

The higher the biodiversity, the less stable the ecosystem

c)

The higher the biodiversity, the greater the stability of the ecosystem.

d)

Biodiversity has nothing to do with ecosystem stability.

78.
Why is a shark a carnivore.
a)
because it eats seaweed
b)
because it eats dead animals
c)
because it eats sand 
d)
because it eats other animals
79.

The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?

a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten.

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

c)

They show the direction the energy is flowing between organisms.

d)

They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

80.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
81.
A wolf eats a rabbit, that just ate some berries.  What would you call the rabbit?
a)
Producer
b)
Omnivore
c)
Primary Consumer
d)
2nd order Heterotrph
82.
What is indicated by the diagram?
a)
Food web
b)
Food chain
c)
Food map
d)
Food menu
83.
Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food. Which do scientist classify as autotrophs?
a)
Chordates
b)
Fungi
c)
Plants
d)
Molds
84.
An organism that gets energy from breaking down dead organisms, non-living material or waste is a(an) ___________.
a)
producer
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
autotroph
85.
Eat primary consumers (can be carnivores and omnivores)
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Quaternary Consumers 
d)
Top Predators 
86.
An organism that obtains energy by consuming plants and animals.
a)
Omnivores
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Humans 
87.

Consumers that eat only plants

a)

Carnivores

b)

Omnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Scavengers

88.

Consumers, such as vultures, that feed on the bodies of dead organisms

a)

Carnivores

b)

Omnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Scavengers

89.

A food _______ is a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.

a)

chain

b)

web

c)

pyramid

d)

plate

90.

In the food web above, what organism is a tertiary consumer?

a)

Fox

b)

Frog

c)

Vole

d)

Grass

91.

Which of the following has the correct order of the trophic levels for a food web or chain.

a)

herbivores-decomposer-autotrophs-carnivores-

b)

decomposer-carnivores-autotrophs-herbivores

c)

producer-tertiary consumer-secondary consumer-primary consumer

d)

producer-primary consumer-secondary consumer-tertiary consumer-decomposer

92.

A worm is a/an

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

93.

What would happen to the bird if the green fish died out?

a)

the bird population would grow

b)

the bird population would die out

c)

the smaller fish will die out

94.

What is the bottom layer of the an energy pyramid?

a)

producer

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

Secondary consumer

d)

primary consumer

95.

All tertiary consumers are scavengers

a)

true

b)

false

96.

What would happen if their were no producers?

a)

Every population would grow larger

b)

Everything would die out

c)

The animals would make their own food

97.
an animal that eats both plants and animals
a)
carnivore
b)
herbivore
c)
omnivore
d)
consumer
98.
an organism that makes its own food
a)
producer
b)
consumer
c)
herbivore
d)
scavenger
99.
In an energy pyramid, energy_______ as you move up the pyramid.
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
c)
Stays the same
d)
Changes up and down
100.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in the producers gets passed to the herbivores?
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
90%
101.
A food pyramid represent the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
102.
A third-level consumer has to be which type?
a)
Carnivore.
b)
Decomposer.
c)
Producer.
d)
Herbivore.
103.
A secondary consumer 
a)
eats primary consumers
b)
eats producers
c)
eats plants
104.
True or False. In this Food Web Pyramid Which type of consumer gets only 10% of the energy stored in plants?
a)
Herbivore
b)
Carnivore
c)
Omnivore
d)
Secondary Consumer
105.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
106.
If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available?
a)
coyote
b)
insect
c)
lizard
d)
shrub
107.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
108.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
109.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
110.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
111.
This diagram shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
a)
Energy Pyramid
b)
Food Web
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Food Chain
112.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in the producers gets passed to the herbivores?
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
90%
113.
If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available?
a)
coyote
b)
insect
c)
lizard
d)
shrub
114.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
115.
Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?
a)
Owl
b)
Grasshopper
c)
Lilypad
d)
Mouse
116.
Which level will contain plants?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
117.
The largest group of organisms found in a food web would be:
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
118.

What is the name of the group 1?

a)

milk, yogurt, cheese and cream

b)

junk food, oils and candies

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits and vegetables

119.

What is the name of the group 2?

a)

milk, yogurt, cheese and cream

b)

junk food, oils and candies

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits and vegetables

120.

What is the name of the group 1?

a)

milk, yogurt, cheese and cream

b)

junk food, oils and candies

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits and vegetables

121.

What is the name of the group 2?

a)

milk, yogurt, cheese and cream

b)

junk food, oils and candies

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits and vegetables

122.

What is the name of the group 3?

a)

milk, yogurt, cheese and cream

b)

junk food, oils and candies

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits and vegetables

123.

What is the name of the group 4?

a)

milk, yogurt cheese and cream

b)

vegetables

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits

124.

What is the name of the group 5?

a)

milk, yogurt, cheese and cream

b)

vegetables

c)

meat, fish, chicken and eggs

d)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

e)

fruits

125.

What is the name of the group 6?

a)

milk, cheese and cream

b)

junk food, oils and candies

c)

meat and fish

d)

fruits

e)

bread, cereals, pasta and rice

126.

Look at the picture. What are vegetables? Choose more than 1 option.

a)

carrots

b)

watermelon

c)

tomatoes

d)

bananas

e)

cabbage

127.

Look at the picture. What are fatty foods? Choose more than 1 option

a)

carrots

b)

tacos

c)

tomatoes

d)

chocolate cake

e)

soda

128.

Look at the picture. What are animal foods? Choose more than 1 option

a)

fish

b)

sushi

c)

meat

d)

chocolate cake

e)

chicken

129.

Pizza and tacos are healthy food. True or false?

a)

true

b)

false

130.

Vegetables help to your growth, True or false?

a)

true

b)

false

131.

Which food gives natural sugars?

a)

fruits

b)

vegetables

c)

beans

132.

The chicken is a vegetal food. True or false?

a)

true

b)

false

133.

The chocolate cake is delicious, but it....

a)

is good for you. (healthy)

b)

is bad for you. (unhealthy)

134.

Bread, cereals, pasta and rice have a lot of:

a)

vitamins

b)

proteins

c)

fiber

135.

Look at the picture. What are fruits? Choose more than 1 option

a)

meat

b)

apples

c)

beans

d)

bananas

e)

bread

136.

water in very important for

a)

plants, animals and rocks

b)

people, plants and rocks

c)

insects, plants and animals

d)

plants, animals and people

137.

What is it?

a)

EGYPTIAN PYRAMID

b)

FOOD PYRAMID

c)

PYRAMID

d)

FOOD

138.

PASTA, BREAD, CEREALS AND RICE ARE...

a)

CARBOHYDRATES

b)

VITAMINS

c)

FATS

d)

MILK AND MEAT

139.

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF...

a)

CARBOHYDRATES

b)

FOOD FOR CHICKENS

c)

FATS

d)

PROTEINS

140.

YOU CAN FIND PROTEINS IN...

a)

MEAT, MILK, FISH, EGGS, APPLES

b)

MEAT, MILK, FISH, EGGS, CEREALS

c)

MEAT, MILK, FISH, EGGS, SWEETS

d)

MEAT, MILK, FISH, EGGS

141.

Which food group?

a)

PROTEINS

b)

GRAINS

c)

DAIRY

d)

VEGETABLES

142.

What food group is this?

a)

fruit

b)

vegetables

c)

oil

d)

water

143.

What food group is this?

a)

fruit

b)

vegetable

c)

dairy

d)

meat and beans

144.

What is this?

a)

dairy

b)

beans

c)

poultry

d)

eggs

145.

What food group is this?

a)

vegetable

b)

fruit

c)

grain

d)

meats and beans

146.
cookies
candy
butter
oil
belong to which food group?
a)
Dairy Group
b)
Vegetable Group
c)
Meat, Poultry, Fish, Beans, Eggs, and Nuts Group
d)
Fats, Oils and Sweets Group
147.
Wastes produced by agriculture, households, industry, mining, and other human activities can end up in ______________.
a)
groundwater
b)
streams and rivers
c)
oceans
d)
All of these choices
148.
About 97% of the water on Earth is ___________________.
a)
fresh water
b)
groundwater
c)
salt water
d)
ice
149.
Increase in which gas is primarily responsible for increased global warming?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Water vapor
c)
Methane
d)
Nitric oxides
150.
When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae in a process called eutrophication. How can this process affect other organisms in the water?
a)
Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms.
b)
The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms.
c)
The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations.
d)
The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.
151.
Which of the following historical events most likely triggered the largest increase in the human population? 
a)
the Black Death plague, which occurred in the mid-1300s
b)
the domestication of wheat crops, which began around 8000 B.C
c)
the fall of the Roman Empire, which occurred around A.D. 800
d)
the Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 1700s
152.
largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support  
a)
carrying capacity
b)
primary succession 
c)
denitrification
d)
mutualism
153.
What is the most dramatic result of deforestation?
a)
land is no longer green and full of life
b)
pictures from space show deforestation
c)
loss of habitat for approximately 70% of the worlds species
d)
people can't explore rainforests
154.
Which has the least negative impact on wildlife habitat?
a)
agriculture
b)
development
c)
deforestation
d)
recreation
155.
Less rainfall in an area and higher temperatures could lead to ____________.
a)
urbanization
b)
deforestation
c)
desertification
d)
higher pollution
156.
What are some reasons deforestation occurs?
a)
clearing land for agriculture, ranching, and mining
b)
just wanting to destroy things
c)
Population moving from rural areas to cities
d)
to make room for infrastructure
157.
The natural resources used by society are limited by various factors. Why is coal considered a nonrenewable resource?
a)
Once coal is used up, it can never be replaced.
b)
Coal is a nonrenewable resource, because it comes from the impact of meteors with the Earth
c)
Coal was a renewable resource, until it was mismanaged by humans
d)
Coal is considered a nonrenewable resource, because it takes millions of years to form
158.
Fossil fuels are an important natural resource used by society. Which of the following best describes fossil fuels?
a)
They are any liquid fuel derived from once-living matter.
b)
They are organic fuels derived from ancient plants and animals.
c)
They are fuels in which dinosaur fossils are commonly found.
d)
They are naturally occurring inorganic fuels like coal and petroleum.
159.
Carbon is released into the atmosphere through all of the following ways except:
a)
respiration
b)
cow flatulence
c)
photosynthesis
d)
all of the above
160.
Wind is a __________ energy resource.
a)
Renewable
b)
Nonrenewable
161.
In the U.S., laws enacted from the 1780's to the late 1800's reflected the perception that
a)
the amount of land and natural resources in the west was endless.
b)
the natural resources of the west could be used up and required legal protection.
c)
Americans were living amid dirtier air, dirtier water, and more waste and toxic chemicals.
d)
a sustainable future should be a primary goal.
162.

Which is a disadvantage of wind farms?

a)

a wind farm produces more noise pollution than a single wind turbine produces

b)

a wind farm produces less electricity than a single wind turbine produces

163.

Which is a disadvantage of wind farms?

a)

a wind farm produces more noise pollution than a single wind turbine produces

b)

a wind farm produces less electricity than a single wind turbine produces

164.

Which of the following is an advantage of building wind farms instead of a single wind turbine?

a)

a wind farm can be built close to towns that need electricity

b)

a wind farm can easily be built in locations away from birds

c)

a wind farm produces enough sound to keep birds away

d)

a wind farm produces a greater amount of electricity than a single wind turbine produces

165.

Why is nuclear energy considered nonrenewable?

a)

some people do not support the use of nuclear energy as a resources

b)

fuels such as uranium ore, are not replaced in nature as quickly as they are used

c)

nuclear power plants produce waste that must be stored for long periods of time

166.

Which is a disadvantage of geothermal energy?

a)

little or no pollution

b)

difficult to transport

c)

it provides clean energy because no other fuel source is needed

167.

Which is a disadvantage of biomass?

a)

requires use of pesticides

b)

less pollution than nonrenewable energy resources

c)

easily stored

168.

Which is a disadvantage of biomass?

a)

uses land that could have been used for growing food

b)

less pollution than nonrenewable energy resources

c)

easily stored

169.

Which is a disadvantage of solar energy?

a)

simple technology with little maintenance

b)

panels must be at the optimal angle facing the sun to work effectively

c)

sunlight is free

170.

Which is a disadvantage of solar energy?

a)

simple technology with little maintenance

b)

cloud coverage reduces sunlight absorption

c)

sunlight is free

171.

Wind power is renewable.

a)

true

b)

false

172.

Which of the following does not produce carbon dioxide?

a)

coal

b)

oil

c)

natural gas

d)

uranium

173.

Which of the following does not produce carbon dioxide?

a)

coal

b)

oil

c)

biomass

d)

hydropower

174.

Where is geothermal energy least likely to be found?

a)

volcanoes

b)

hot springs

c)

mountains

d)

geysers

175.

The use of pesticides by farmers can result in

a)

ecological succession

b)

material recycling

c)

environmental pollution

d)

selective breeding

176.

Which piece of evidence supports this claim. Claim: We should not continue to use biomass to reduce our dependence on non renewables.

a)

Biomass is less expensive than fossil fuels.

b)

Biomass is renewable.

c)

Biofuels create carbon gasses that attribute to greenhouse gasses.

177.

Which of the following evidence does not support this proposal. Proposal: Fertilizers should be replaced with compost.

a)

compost has many nutrients

b)

fertilizers help plants grow faster and taller

c)

fertilizer can add missing nutrients to the soil

d)

Compost takes time to be made.

178.

Which explanation supports the proposal? Proposal: We should start replacing goods made out of plastic with biodegradable materials.

a)

This will reduce the amount of trash put in landfills each year.

b)

This will increase the amount of trash placed in landfills each year.

c)

This will decrease the amount of non biodegradable products that are harmful to earth.

179.

Which statement DOES NOT support the proposal? Proposal: Small pieces of land should be slowly harvested (cut down) over time.

a)

clear cut forest cannot be regrown because the climate of the area changes due to loss of trees

b)

clear cutting forests produces a large amount of timber and a large amount of money

c)

animals lose their home and have nowhere to go if a forest is clear cut

180.

Populations consist of

a)

a single species

b)

multiple species

c)

the biotic and abiotic factors of an environment

d)

a grouping of ecosystems

181.

What decreases the size of a population

a)

immigration

b)

emigration

182.
a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

183.

This would lead to

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

184.

This would lead to

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

185.

Faster

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

186.

An ecosystem is classified into a biome by its

a)

climate

b)

environment

c)

climax community

d)

geriatric population

187.

Symbiosis of benefit to both symbiotes

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

ismismism

188.

Earn biological fitness with your

a)

niche

b)

bench press

c)

protein shake

d)

yoga pants

189.

Disease is an example of

a)

density dependent limiting factors

b)

density independent limiting factors

190.

A massive tornado

a)

density dependent limiting factor

b)

density independent limiting factor

191.
a)

exponential growth curve

b)

logistic growth curve

192.

b

a)

exponential growth

b)

growth slows

c)

growth stops

d)

growth begins

193.
a)

logistic growth curve

b)

exponential growth curve

194.

An ecosystems limit of growth

a)

carrying capacity

b)

limiting factors

c)

growth cap

195.

No two species can occupy the same niche in the same ecosystem

a)

niche divergence

b)

competitive exclusion

c)

competitive inclusion

d)

participation trophy

196.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
197.

In the 1800s rabbits were introduced for the first time into Australia. Here they had no natural predators and a plentiful food supply. What happened several years after the rabbit was introduced into Australia?

a)

The rabbits began to overpopulate greatly.

b)

Populations of animals competing with rabbits grew.

c)

The rabbit population declined sharply.

d)

New rabbit predators evolved.

198.

A toxin that breaks down slowly is introduced into the environment through the spraying of insecticides. The toxin is very lethal when an organism receives high levels of it. Which organism in the food web is in the most danger?

a)

Grass

b)

Rabbit

c)

Fox

d)

Fish

199.

A glacier in Alaska sweeps through leaving bare rock in its path. Which of the following will most likely be the pioneer species?

a)

grass

b)

lichen

c)

insects

d)

birds

200.

The design of air conditioners and aerosol cans has been changed in the last few years in an attempt to reverse which ecological problem?

a)

deforestation

b)

freshwater pollution

c)

hole in the ozone layer

d)

acid rain

201.

Primary succession in a region can take place after which of the following?

a)

A farmer loses control of a fire in a field.

b)

An animal herd wipes out a grassland.

c)

A glacier slides over a large tract of land.

d)

A tsunami washes away a shoreline ecosystem.

202.

Poisons such as DDT build up in lakes and streams due to runoff. Then they enter the food chain. Once in living organisms, the poisons are not broken down and their concentrations increase as they are passed along the food chain.

Which term best describes this ecological phenomenon?

a)

global warming

b)

loss of biodiversity

c)

biological magnification

d)

loss of genetic diversity

203.

Succession is the natural replacement of species that takes place in an area over time.


What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?

a)

Primary succession happens much faster than secondary succession.

b)

Primary succession begins on bare rock, while secondary starts on soil.

c)

Primary succession occurs after a minor disturbance, while secondary occurs after a major disturbance.

d)

Primary succession is the new growth of grasses, and secondary succession is the new growth of trees.

204.

Which of the following events would start the process of secondary succession?

a)

A volcano erupts, spewing out lava.

b)

A glacier slides across the land.

c)

Lightning starts a large forest fire.

d)

A new island forms in the ocean.

205.

Which of the following best describes the term biological magnification?

a)

The buildup of non-biodegradable chemicals in consumers as they are passed up the food chain

b)

When members of a crowded population are at odds for food, water, space, and other resources

c)

Using the earth's resources more carefully, and preserving and restoring natural habitats

d)

When food, water, and space are limited, causing carrying capacity to be reached

206.

The final stable community in an ecosystem at the end of succession is called the _____________.

a)

pioneer species

b)

climax community

c)

primary population

d)

carrying capacity

207.

Natural disturbances, such as fires or hurricanes, can result in

a)

A.parasitism.

b)

B.competition.

c)

C.commensalism.

d)

D.succession.

208.

The end result of ecological succession is usually a(n)

a)

A.land biome.

b)

B.aquatic biome.

c)

C.unstable community.

d)

D.climax community.

209.

Which of the following is not a possible cause of ecological succession?

a)

A. fire

b)

B. flood

c)

C. earthquake

d)

D. change of season

210.

. Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

a)

A.lichens growing on rocks following a volcanic eruption

b)

B.grasses growing after a forest fire

c)

C.oak trees replacing pine trees in a forest

d)

D. non-native species introduced into a climax community

211.

Which of these organisms would you most expect to find on a small island that formed as a result of a volcanic two years prior?

a)

A.climbing vines

b)

B.hardwood tree

c)

C.monkey

d)

D.lichen

212.

Which of the following describes how an abiotic factor can impact the population dynamics in an ecosystem?

a)

A. A parasite that invades a host can reproduce and cause a decline in the host species population.

b)

B. Organisms that compete for the same resources will keep each other from overpopulating.

c)

C. Predators will prevent herbivores from depleting the plants and other resources in an ecosystem.

d)

D. Seasonal variations in temperature can cause some of the individuals in a population to die.

213.

How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

a)

Primary succession starts with soil.

b)

Secondary succession start with bare rock.

c)

Primary succession starts with bare rock, with lichens and moss.

d)

Fire is an example of primary succession.

214.

Examples of Abiotic Factors include:

a)

Weather, birds, plants, and animals

b)

Rocks, reptiles, shrubs, trees, and grasses

c)

Weather, wind, rain, sunlight, and rocks

d)

Birds, plants, animals, reptiles, shrubs, trees, and grasses

215.

Several years after a building had been torn down and the ground cleared, grasses began to grow in that area. After 10 years, small bushes replaced the grasses. This pattern of plant growth is known as:

a)

Biological

control

b)

Cover cropping

c)

Ecological

succession

d)

Land-use

management

216.

A volcano in a mountainous, wooded region erupts, spewing tons of ash and destroying the forested area around the volcano. If the volcano remains dormant during

the next 1000 years, what will probably happen?

a)

The area will be repopulated by trees, eventually becoming a

forest again.

b)

The mountains will erode and remain without life.

c)

The area will remain unchanged, covered by volcanic ash.

d)

The area will turn into a completely different habitat, such as

desert of plains.

217.

How has the invasion of pythons effected the everglades ecosystem in terms of species numbers?

a)

The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.

b)

The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.

c)

The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native populations to decline.

d)

The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.

218.

Scientists found, that over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities?

a)

A.The original species became extinct.

b)

A.Species in the older community died from old age.

c)

A.The abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed.

d)

A.Diseases that killed the older organisms disappeared.

219.

Which is a natural cause of

ecosystem change?

a)

A. Farming

b)

B. Building fences

c)

C. Pollution

d)

D. Hurricane

220.

Which of the following best

describes biodiversity

a)

A. a diverse Biology class

b)

B. variety of all life on earth

c)

C. a variety of plants

d)

D. a variety of animals

221.

Abandoned railroad tracks are overgrown with weeds. Ten years later there are small aspen trees growing in the middle of the tracks. This change is an example of:

a)

Primary succession

b)

Biological evolution

c)

Secondary succession

d)

Heterotrophic nutrition

222.

Which of the following is not a result of climate change partially caused by burning fossil fuels?

a)

Leaves changing color in the fall months.

b)

Caribou not being able to receive food for their young because of an earlier spring season.

c)

Ice melting in the polar regions, causing polar bears to drown.

d)

Acid rain falling on homes and buildings.

223.
If the number of births in a population is the same as the number of deaths in a population, what will happen to the growth of the population?
a)
It will increase.
b)
It will decrease.
c)
It will stay the same.
d)
It will fluctuate.
224.
If the number of births in a population is the same as the number of deaths in a population, what will happen to the growth of the population?
a)
It will increase.
b)
It will decrease.
c)
It will stay the same.
d)
It will fluctuate.
225.
If the number of births is greater than the number of deaths in a population, what will happen to the growth of the population?
a)
It will increase.
b)
It will decrease.
c)
It will stay the same.
d)
It will fluctuate.
226.
Largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support...  
a)
carrying capacity
b)
population crash
c)
lag phase
d)
mutualism
227.
What is the carrying capacity for this sheep population?
a)
1.8 million
b)
1.25 million
c)
1.6 million
d)
1.o million
228.
When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
a)
Continues to grow
b)
The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity
c)
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
d)
The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity
229.
Food, water, sunlight, shelter, and space are resources that are often __________.
a)
limiting factors
b)
wet
c)
messy
d)
found in rocks
230.
If there is more food than usual in an ecosystem, then the population will mostly likely...
a)
stay the same
b)
decrease
c)
increase
231.
In a forest ecosystem, which of the following is the best example of a limiting factor for a rabbit population?
a)
Squirrel Population
b)
Sunlight
c)
Grass available
232.
number of organisms per certain area
a)
carrying capacity
b)
limiting factor
c)
total population
d)
population density
233.
When organisms move out of the population, this is known as
a)
emigration
b)
abandonment
c)
immigration
d)
succession
234.
What is happening in a population as it decreases?
a)
more emigration occurs 
b)
more immigration occurs
c)
the birth rate and death rate remain the same
235.
What happened to the wolf population between 1980 and 1982?
a)
it increased rapidly
b)
it decreased rapidly
236.
which statement sounds accurate based on the graph data. 
a)
The zebra and lions do not affect each other
b)
when lions population increases, so does the zebra population
c)
When the zebra population increases, it causes the lion population to also increase
d)
when zebra populations go down, the zebra population goes up. 
237.

______________ means moving into a population.

a)

Immigration

b)

Emmigration

c)

Plantation

d)

Repopulation

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