an environment and its community of organisms which all depend 

upon each other

for survival

the flow of energy from simpler to more complex organisms

provide energy

make food

Sun

Producers

Consumers

Decomposers

Land

Water

Climate

Farmers

Ranchers

Fisheries

cut, cook, can, dry, and freeze food

Land

Water

Climate

cut, cook, can, dry, and freeze food

Farmers

Ranchers

Fisheries

able to be stored at

room temp for weeks 

or months in the original, 

unopened containers

seal food in airtight 

metal or glass containers

Containers are heated to destroy microorganisms that could cause spoilage or illness

the length of time food will hold its flavor and quality

foods are frozen quickly to slow the growth of harmful bacteria

able to be stored at

room temp for weeks 

or months in the original, 

unopened containers

seal food in airtight 

metal or glass containers

containers are heated to destroy microorganisms that could cause spoilage or illness

foods are frozen quickly to slow the growth of harmful bacteria

the length of time food will hold its flavor and quality

food preservation 

method using salt, 

spices, sugar, and 

sodium nitrite

foods are frozen quickly to slow the growth of harmful bacteria

seal food in airtight 

metal or glass containers

containers are heated to destroy microorganisms that could cause spoilage or illness

food preservation 

method using salt, 

spices, sugar, and 

sodium nitrite

the removal of 

moisture from food 

inhibiting the 

growth of harmful 

organisms

process that freezes

then dries food

retains more flavor, 

texture, and nutrients 

than drying alone

the removal of 

moisture from food 

inhibiting the 

growth of harmful 

organisms

foods are frozen quickly to slow the growth of harmful bacteria

food preservation 

method using salt, 

spices, sugar, and 

sodium nitrite

food preservation 

method using salt, 

spices, sugar, and 

sodium nitrite

process that freezes

then dries food

retains more flavor, 

texture, and nutrients 

than drying alone

the removal of 

moisture from food 

inhibiting the 

growth of harmful 

organisms

a substance added to food for a specific reason during processing

a substance added to food for a specific reason during processing

process that freezes

then dries food

retains more flavor, 

texture, and nutrients 

than drying alone

the removal of 

moisture from food 

inhibiting the 

growth of harmful 

organisms

Added Flavor

Improved 

Nutrition

process that freezes

then dries food

retains more flavor, 

texture, and nutrients 

than drying alone

a substance added to food for a specific reason during processing

Added Flavor

Improved 

Nutrition

Increasing shelf life

Maintaining texture

a substance added to food for a specific reason during processing

putting food in 

containers

-final step in 

processing

disburse food to 

grocery stores for

consumer purchase

Added Flavor

Improved 

Nutrition

Increasing shelf life

Maintaining texture

disburse food to 

grocery stores for

consumer purchase

sell food directly

to consumers

putting food in 

containers

final step in 

processing

country with a developed economy and a high 

standard of living

disburse food to 

grocery stores for

consumer purchase

sell food directly

to consumers

sell food directly

to consumers

walmart,IGA,B&Ts

country with a developed economy and a high 

standard of living

United States, Japan, Switzerland

country with a developed economy and a high 

standard of living

country that are not 

yet industrialized and 

face many problems 

with feeding citizens

United States, Japan, Switzerland

country that are not 

yet industrialized and 

face many problems 

with feeding citizens

severe form of food shortage

can cause death

can last for months or years

severe form of food shortage

-can last for months or years

-can cause death

raising and surviving

off of food raised on a 

small plot of land

Inefficient Methods/Lack of Storage

Natural Disasters

Conflict and Politics

raising and surviving

off of food raised on a 

small plot of land

Inefficient Methods/Lack of Storage

-Natural Disasters

Rapid Population Growth (more land for housing and less for farming)

-Fuel Shortages

Conflict and Politics

Fuel Shortages

Rapid Population Growth (more land for housing and less for farming)

Inefficient Methods/Lack of Storage

Natural Disasters

soil is fertilized with manure and compost instead of chemicals

way of farming that 

protects the environment 

and does not use pesticides 

or artificial fertilizers

Creation of pest and disease resistant plants

-Development of new irrigation systems

animals are treated more humanely and fed feed free of chemicals

way of farming that 

protects the environment 

and does not use pesticides 

or artificial fertilizers

soil is fertilized with manure and compost instead of chemicals

animals are treated more humanely and fed feed free of chemicals

ecological approach 

to pest management is 

used to avoid pesticides

raising shade-loving crops (mushrooms and cocoa) under the shelter of trees

-trees improve soil, control erosion, and preserve forest habitats

growing plants without 

soil

-plants are grown in

water or lightweight

medium

raising seafood in 

enclosed areas of water

-creates a large 

amount of food in a 

small area

growing plants without 

soil

-plants are grown in

water or lightweight

medium

raising seafood in 

enclosed areas of water

-creates a large 

amount of food in a 

small area

raising shade-loving crops (mushrooms and cocoa) under the shelter of trees

-trees improve soil, control erosion, and preserve forest habitats

-ecological approach 

to pest management is 

used to avoid pesticides

-raising shade-loving crops (mushrooms and cocoa) under the shelter of trees

-trees improve soil, control erosion, and preserve forest habitats

raising seafood in 

enclosed areas of water

-creates a large 

amount of food in a 

small area

-growing plants without 

soil

-plants are grown in

water or lightweight

medium