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AP GOV Unit 1: Foundations

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 3600secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

What was the basis of representation under the Virginia Plan?

a)

Statehood equality

b)

Based on Population

c)

States get the same number of representatives no matter the size

d)

Based on the number of men in the state

2.

The original purpose of the constitutional convention was to___.

a)

draw up a bill of rights

b)

discuss regulations on interstate commerce

c)

revise the Articles of Confederation

d)

Build an army

3.

The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues?

a)

right of people to rebel

b)

scope of power of the central government

c)

representation of large and small states

d)

Need to establish national bank

4.

Which of the following is commonly identified as a failure of the Articles of Confederation?

a)

National govt lacked power to raise revenue

b)

executive branch had too much power over legislature

c)

judicial branch was created

d)

federal govt had too much control over interstate commerce

5.

which is the main difference between elite theories and pluralist theories of democracy?

a)

Elite democracy concentrates on the role of interest groups; pluralist emphasizes the role of the individual

b)

Elite theory emphasizes the role of the individual; pluralist emphasizes the role of the wealthy

c)

Elite theory emphasizes the role of the wealthy and educated; the pluralist emphasizes the role of the interest group

d)

none of the above

6.

What is federalism?

a)

The split between state and local powers

b)

The split of power between the 3 branches

c)

The split of power between the local govt and individuals

d)

The split of power between the state and national govt.

7.

Why is the 10th amendment important?

a)

It guarantees Freedom of Speech

b)

It grants powers to the states and the people

c)

It grants powers to the president

d)

It says the individuals have rights not listed elsewhere

8.

No branch of government performs the same functions as another. This is an example of ____.

a)

Checks and Balances

b)

Federalism

c)

Limited Government

d)

Separation of Powers

9.

In Federalist 10, James Madison argued that factions...

a)

Were bad and could be countered by a small republic

b)

were good and helped protect the rights of the people

c)

Were bad and could be countered by a big republic

d)

Were good by empowering the national government

10.

The Declaration of Independence includes all of the following except____.

a)

Natural Rights

b)

Participatory Democracy

c)

Social Contract Theory

d)

Republicanism

11.

What is popular Sovereignty?

a)

The people voting more directly on every bill/law

b)

Rights we are born with

c)

Power of the people

d)

A restricted Government

12.

A member of the Senate makes a statement to the press that she is unsure of how she is going to vote on a bill. After numerous calls from her constituents asking her to vote for the bill, she votes in support of the bill.

This is an example of which of the following democratic ideals?

a)

Social contract

b)

Republicanism

c)

Natural rights

d)

Limited government

13.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases?

a)

Comparison A

b)

Comparison B

c)

Comparison C

d)

Comparison D

14.

Based on the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), what is the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers?

a)

Implied powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government, whereas enumerated powers are not explicitly written but are necessary for carrying out implied powers

b)

Enumerated powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas implied powers are powers given to state governments

c)

Implied powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas enumerated powers are powers given to state governments

d)

Enumerated powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government, whereas implied powers are not explicitly written but are necessary for carrying out enumerated powers

15.

Which government makes treaties and deals with foreign countries

a)

Federal

b)

State

c)

Shared

16.

Who has the power to declare war?

a)

Federal

b)

State

c)

Shared

17.

Who establishes public schools?

a)

Federal

b)

State

c)

Shared

18.
Print Money
a)
Federal
b)
State
c)
Shared
19.

What level of Government has the power to collect taxes?

a)

Federal

b)

State

c)

Concurrent (Shared by Both)

20.
Collect Taxes
a)
Federal Power
b)
State Power
c)
Concurrent (Shared by Both)
21.

Who has the power to make & enforce laws?

a)

the Federal Government

b)

the State Governments

c)

both the Federal & State Government

22.

John Lock's concept of natural rights and the social contract emphasizes which pair of concepts and definitions

a)

Republicanism/

Representatives chosen by the people

b)

Civil Society/

Broad citizen involvement

c)

Limited Government/

Confiscation of private property

d)

Popular sovereignty/

Political equality among citizens

23.

the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing fundamental rights to the people of the United States.

a)

Federalist

b)

anti-Federalist

c)

Bill of Rights

d)

Constitution

24.

an early US political position that opposed a strong central government and wanted more power in the states.

a)

Bill of Rights

b)

Federalist

c)

Constitution

d)

anti-Federalist

25.

The Constitution gives a specific list of powers to the states.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

The Constitution gives a specific list of powers to the federal government.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Laws at a lower level of government are always superior to laws at a higher level.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

In the early part of the twenty-first century, public opinion polls showed that a majority of Americans believed it should be illegal to burn the American flag. As a result, many members of Congress introduced amendments to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American flag. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful. Which of the following statements best explains why these efforts have been unsuccessful?

a)

Congress and the states have agreed to add this amendment; however, recent presidents have refused to sign it.

b)

The framers made the amendment process difficult in order to protect individual rights.

c)

The Supreme Court has stated such an amendment is unconstitutional, thus blocking its ratification.

29.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of concurrent powers?

a)

The president negotiates a treaty regarding climate change with foreign governments, but for the treaty to take effect, it requires approval by the Senate.

b)

As commander-in-chief of the military, the president orders troops to a foreign nation to address a potential threat to national security.

c)

A Senate committee holds a hearing to discuss potential misuse of funds by the Department of Veterans Affairs.

d)

The federal government provides about 25% of the total funding for highways and transit in the United States, while the other 75% of the funding comes from states.

30.

One example of constitutional checks and balances is

a)

the president declares war, but Congress appropriates military funds

b)

the president nominates cabinet members, and the House holds confirmation hearings

c)

the House can impeach federal judges and the president, and the Senate holds the impeachment trial

31.

Which of the following was a direct outcome of the Three-Fifths Compromise?

a)

The number of senators increased in slaveholding states.

b)

Slavery quickly declined, especially in larger cities in the South.

c)

The number of representatives in the House of Representatives from slaveholding states increased

32.

Before the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution granted women the right to vote nationwide, 13 states allowed women the right to vote in their state elections.

This is an example of which of the following aspects of federalism in the United States?

a)

States frequently choose to ignore federal laws in favor of state laws

b)

State and local governments have more power than the federal government

c)

Amendments to the US Constitution can easily be made in order to meet the needs of society

d)

State and local governments can become proving grounds for new ideas

33.

Which of the following aspects of the US Constitution best illustrates the concept of elite democracy?

a)

The apportionment of representatives in the House according to state population

b)

The ban on "corruption of the blood" in cases of treason

c)

The original wording of the Constitution regarding the selection of US senators

d)

The process of adding amendments to the Constitution

34.

Members of the National Organization for Women (NOW) protest a congressional bill that eliminates protections for pregnant workers. After the bill passes, they form a letter-writing campaign hoping to influence the president to veto the bill.

This is an example of which of the following principles of American government?

a)

Multiple access points for stakeholders to influence policymaking

b)

The shift in political power from the legislative branch to the executive branch

c)

Government-mandated healthcare coverage

d)

The central role of lobbying organizations in passing legislation

35.

Why did the Framers decide to include Article V of the Constitution, detailing an amendment process?

a)

Concerns about protecting self-government

b)

Concerns over the executive branch becoming too powerful

c)

Concerns about the central government becoming too powerful

d)

Concerns about tyranny of the majority

36.

Based on the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), what is the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers?

a)

Implied powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government, whereas enumerated powers are not explicitly written but are necessary for carrying out implied powers

b)

Enumerated powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas implied powers are powers given to state governments

c)

Implied powers are powers given to the federal government, whereas enumerated powers are powers given to state governments

d)

Enumerated powers are powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government, whereas implied powers are not explicitly written but are necessary for carrying out enumerated powers

37.

An informal group advocating for a $15 minimum wage collects 590,000 signatures from registered voters in their state. In the next election, this initiative appears on the ballot for voters to decide whether it becomes a state constitutional amendment.

This is an example of which of the following models of democracy?

a)

Pluralist democracy

b)

Elite democracy

c)

Representative democracy

d)

Participatory democracy

38.

Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

a)

Society would be better if there were no governments

b)

A government is only just if citizens have a voice in it

c)

Citizens should rebel against governments they disagree with

d)

There is no such thing as a just government

39.

The American Revolution was based upon the ideas of

a)

enslaved philosophers

b)

intellectual frontiersmen

c)

European political thinkers

d)

George Washington

40.

The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about:

a)

The right of the people to rebel

b)

The existence of slavery

c)

The need to establish a standard currency

d)

The scope of power of national government

41.

The ideas of John Locke and the Declaration of Independence are similar in that both

a)

recognize the right of monarch to determine their own form of government

b)

support concept of natural rights and gov't built on consent of governed

c)

seek common ideals in gov't through creation of constitutional monarchy

d)

value the preservation of private property

42.

The _________, offered at the Constitutional Convention, called for each state to be equally represented in Congress.

a)

New Jersey Plan

b)

Virginia Plan

c)

three-fifths compromise

d)

Connecticut Compromise

43.

Which of the following is an example of checks and balances as established by the Constitution?

a)

Elect prez by electoral coll. rather than direct election

b)

The Supreme Court’s ability to overturn lower court decision

c)

requires that prez appointees to SCOTUS be approved by Senate

d)

Media criticism of public officials during campaign periods

44.

The importance of Shay’s rebellion to the development of the US Constitution was that it

a)

reinforced idea that slavery be outlawed in new constitution

b)

convinced leaders that a strong national gov. needed to protect property, maintain order

c)

convinced delegates at Constitutional Convention to accept Connecticut Plan

d)

revealed need to add Bill of Rights to Const & creating checks and balances

45.

The enumerated (or expressed) powers of Congress and the national government are those

a)

specifically spelled out in the Constitution

b)

not specifically spelled out in the Constitution, but acknowledged

c)

involving taxes, spending, and fiscal policy

d)

set out in the first ten amendments

46.

Congress has the right to ʺmake all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" its powers is called

a)

elastic clause

b)

enumerated powers

c)

heart of fiscal federalism

d)

hyperpluralism

47.

Which of the following explains one of the effects of the elastic clause?

a)

allow the nat'l gov't to extend its powers beyond those enumerated in Constitution

b)

powers not delegated by the Constitution to the U.S. are reserved to states

c)

make the legislature the most powerful branch of the national government

d)

allow state governments to nullify federal laws within their borders

48.

______ is an exclusive power of the federal govt, and ____ is a concurrent power shared with the states.

a)

Declaring war, levying taxes

b)

Creating banks, controlling the postal system

c)

Making laws, conducting elections

d)

Regulating commerce, establishing local governments

49.

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of

a)

a federal mandate

b)

horizontal federalism

c)

dual federalism

d)

state supremacy

50.

Giving state governments greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of

a)

an unfunded mandate

b)

implied powers

c)

dual federalism

d)

devolution

51.

Cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements?

a)

Government must have cooperation from the people in order to make legislative decisions.

b)

Different levels of government are involved in common policy areas.

c)

The federal government must make regulations that can be applied across every state in the same way.

d)

Business and government can work together to more effectively accomplish shared goals.

52.

Of the following, which has been used most to expand the power of the national government?

a)

The First Amendment

b)

The Fifth Amendment

c)

The habeas corpus clause of the Constitution

d)

The commerce clause of the Constitution

53.

The outcome of a conflict between the Constitution and the states is determined by

a)

the Great Compromise

b)

the supremacy clause

c)

Federalist #10

d)

judicial review

54.

Which of the following was stipulated in Article III of the Constitution?

a)

creation of the Supreme Court

b)

executive powers

c)

powers of Congress

d)

full faith and credit clause

55.

Which of the following would least likely be favored by state governments?

a)

unfunded mandates

b)

categorical grants

c)

block grants

d)

revenue sharing

56.

Which of the following is an example of checks and balances, as established by the Constitution?

a)

A requirement that states lower their legal drinking age to eighteen so they can receive federal highway grants

b)

Media criticism of public officials during an election campaign period

c)

The requirement that presidential appointments to the Supreme Court be approved by the Senate

d)

The election of the President by the Electoral College rather than by direct election

57.

States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from

a)

categorical grants

b)

matching grants

c)

block grants

d)

project grants

58.

The Constitution grants Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads. This is an example of

a)

enumerated powers

b)

implied powers

c)

reserved powers

d)

concurrent powers

59.

“Dual Federalism” refers to the fact that

a)

the Constitution provides two layers of government in the nation—the national and the state

b)

There are two major forms of aid from the national government to the states—categorical and block grants

c)

both the national and state governments can levy taxes on citizens

d)

there is a distinct line between policies surrounding public education and private education in the states.

60.

Both the national and states’ governments can establish court systems. This is an example of

a)

reserved powers

b)

a mandate

c)

concurrent powers

d)

full faith and credit clause

61.

“In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free government and an arbitrary one. The former are ruled by the will of the whole, expressed in any manner they may agree upon; the latter by the will of one, or a few. If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few. Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldy, as to be subject in great measure to the inconveniency of a democratic government….” --Brutus 1

a)

Average citizens cannot be trusted to vote because of low levels of education.

b)

The federal government should have greater authority than state legislatures.

c)

Nations with extended territory cannot fairly represent their citizens in a republican form of government.

d)

A small federal legislature is the best way to represent the will of the people in a large country.

62.

Which of the following is an accurate summary of James Madison's argument in The Federalist 10?

a)

A large republic makes it possible to abolish factions and concentrate all power at the national level.

b)

A large republic allows the federal government to dominate the state governments through the necessary and proper clause.

c)

A large republic is a direct democracy where the people have a direct vote in policy matters, which controls factions.

d)

A large republic presents more opportunities for groups to participate, compete, and limit each other.

63.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the infographic above?

a)

Once a proposed amendment passes the first round of approval, there are four ways it can be ratified.

b)

Amendment proposals are more easily passed by Congress than by states.

c)

Only a few amendments have been ratified by special conventions in at least three-fourths or 34 of the states.

d)

Amending the Constitution is a relatively easy process.

64.

The cartoon expresses which of the following viewpoints?

a)

It's hard to define "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness."

b)

Politicians tend to be more focused on public opinion than policy.

c)

The members of the Continental Congress were old and feeble.

d)

Sometimes even wealthy and educated individuals don't know the best course of action.

65.

According to the cartoon, the founding fathers wrote the Constitution to achieve what goal?

a)

establish republican government

b)

prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful

c)

balance liberty with the protection of social order

d)

prevent the elite from holding too much power

66.

Which inference is most clearly drawn from the graph?

a)

More federal grant money goes to "Other" than to all specifically identified categories combined.

b)

During the period 2000-2010, "Transportation" funding grew by a greater percentage than "Income security" funding.

c)

The category receiving the largest federal funding has shifted over time from "Education, training, employment, and social services" in 1975 to "Health" in 2011.

d)

The same amount of funding has been allocated to "community and regional development" each year since 1978.

67.

In United States v. Morrison, the Supreme Court struck down the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, stating: "Gender-motivated crimes of violence are not, in any sense of the phrase, economic activity. While we need not adopt a categorical rule against aggregating the effects of any non economical activity in order to decide these cases, thus far in our Nation's history out cases have upheld Commerce Clause regulation of intrastate activity only where that activity is economic in nature."


Which of the following cases best serves as precedent for the decision in United States v. Morrison?

a)

U.S. v. Lopez

b)

Marbury v. Madison

c)

McCulloch v. Maryland

d)

None of these cases could serve as precedent.

68.

The federal government gives Maine money for COVID-19 vaccine distribution.

a)

Catergorial grant

b)

Block grant

c)

Mandate

d)

Devolution

69.

Which of the following was NOT part of the Great Compromise?

a)

Electoral College used to elect president

b)

Equal representation in the Senate

c)

Revenue bills start in the House

d)

Bicameral legislature

70.

Which of the following could get you in trouble in spite of First Amendment protections?

a)

Kneeling during the national anthem

b)

A newspaper editorial criticizing the president

c)

Protesting a decision of the Supreme Court

d)

Threatening someone online

71.

Allows Congress to establish the FBI

a)

Necessary and Proper Clause

b)

Supremacy Clause

c)

Commerce Clause

d)

9th Amendment

72.

Which of the following is a negative aspect of federalism?

a)

Political power is spread out

b)

Laws are standardized nationwide

c)

Conflicts of authority may arise

d)

Keeps government closer to the people

73.

Different levels of government have overlapping authority and involvement in the same policy areas.

a)

Cooperative federalism

b)

Dual federalism

c)

Participatory democracy

d)

Pluralist democracy

74.

Which of the following is an example of checks and balances?

a)

A senator loses reelection due to accusations of corruption

b)

Congress overrides a veto

c)

Only states have the power to conduct elections

d)

The president orders a military strike

75.

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of

a)

a federal mandate

b)

horizontal federalism

c)

dual federalism

d)

state supremacy

76.
How does the Constitution get amended?
a)
A majority of Congress followed by signature of the President
b)
A 2/3rds majority of Congress followed by signature of the President
c)
A 2/3rds majority of Congress followed by ratification from 3/4s of the states
d)
A 3/4ths majority of Congress followed by ratification from 2/3rds of the states
77.
Who names new Supreme Court Justices?
a)
The President
b)
The Electoral College
c)
Congress
78.
As originally written, who could citizens directly vote for according to the constitution? 
a)
Members of the House only
b)
Senators only
c)
both senators and members of the house
d)
Members of the house and the president
79.
When Thomas Jefferson copied John Locke's ideas about the social contract, what did he say the people had the right to do to a government who was not protecting the people's rights?
a)
Write a letter
b)
Suggest how it could be better
c)
Wait until they started to respect the people's rights
d)
Abolish it
80.
States not discriminating against residents from other states refers to which constitutional clause?
a)
Commerce Clause
b)
Supremacy Clause
c)
Privileges and Immunities Clause
d)
Full Faith and Credit Clause