Area of policy making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies.

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The U.S. policy of avoiding entangling alliances with foreign pow- ers.

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When President George Washington left office, he wrote a letter, addressed to the people of the United States, warning them of the dangers to avoid in order to preserve the republic.

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President James Monroe's 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose attempts by European states to reestablish their political control in the Western Hemisphere.

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Taxes on imported goods.

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Theory that the United States was divinely supported to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.

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Concept developed by President Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the United States to ensure stability in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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A global military conflict from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories, into which the United States militarily intervened in 1917-1918.

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A multilateral diplomatic organization that existed from 1920-1946 that sought, unsuccessfully, to prevent future wars; the United States never joined.

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The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries.

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A global military conflict from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region, in which the United States was engaged from 1941-1945.

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A multilateral diplomatic organization founded in 1945 and continuing today that is intended to promote peaceful resolution of international disputes and advance human development world-wide; the United States is a founding member.

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A principal part of the United Nations, charged with authorizing peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and military action in order to maintain global peace and security.

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A term used during the Cold War to describe the divide between the capitalist West and communist East.

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International financial system devised shortly before the end of WWII that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

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International governmental organization designed to stabilize international currency transactions.

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International governmental organization created to provide loans for large economic development projects.

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Post-World War II econom- ic development treaty designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade.

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An international organization that replaced GATT in 1995 to supervise an expand international trade.

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The period of superpower rivalry and confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from the end of WWII to 1991.

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U.S. policy of opposing Soviet expansion and communist revo- lutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance, and political influence.

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The military strategy of employing enormous force, including nuclear weapons, in order to prevent the outbreak or escalation of armed conflicts.

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U.S. anti-communist policy initiated in 1947 that became the basis of the U.S. foreign policy throughout the Cold War.

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European collective recovery program, named after the Secre- tary of State George C. Marshall, that provided extensive American aid to Western Europe after WWII.

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The first peacetime military treaty joined by the United States; NATO is a collective security pact that includes the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe.

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A barrier built by East Germany in 1961 to cut off democratic West Berlin from communist East Berlin.

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The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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A civil war from 1950-1953 in which the Untied States supported the South Korean regime against communist forces in North Korea.

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A civil war in which the United States supported the South Vietnamese regime against Communist forces in North Vietnam, which escalated through the 1960s before ending in 1975.

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The improvement in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the 70s.

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The protection of people's basic freedoms and needs.

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The Reagan administration's commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups.

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A military conflict from 1990-1991 in which a U.S.-led international coalition reversed the occupation of Kuwait by the armed forces of Iraq.

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The Islamic terrorist organization responsible for the 9/11 terrorist attacks and numerous other actions against the U.S. overseas interests.

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A terrorist plot carried out on September 11, 2001 that used hijacked civilian aircraft to attack the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon near Washington D.C.

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An international action, initiated by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world.

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A military conflict begun in 2002 in which a U.S.-led interna- tional coalition invaded Afghanistan in order to depose the government and deny safe haven to terrorists.

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A military conflict from 2003-2011 in which a U.S.-led international coalition invaded Iraq and deposed its regime but proved unable to establish a stable new government.

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A terrorist organization that calls itself an Islamic State, controls parts of Syria and Iraq and uses that as a base to direct and inspire terrorist attacks abroad.

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The agency within the White House, led by the national security advisor, which brings together key foreign policy actors to advise the president.

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Chief executive branch department responsible for for- mulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.

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Chief executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. defense and military policy.

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Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the Air Force chief of Staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant.

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Cabinet department created after the 9/11 terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts.

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A U.S. government agency dedicated to intelli- gence gathering and covert operations.

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Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.

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The network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the U.S. armed forces, and Congress.

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A perspective contending that the behavior of coun- tries in the international arena is mainly intended to protect their economic and security interests.

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A perspective contending that the behavior of coun- tries in the international arena is mainly intended to advance their values and principles.

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A trade policy wherein a country takes steps to limit the import of foreign goods through tariffs and subsidies to domestic firms.

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A trade policy wherein governments identify key indus- tries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support their development and success.

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A system of international trade that limits government interference on the sale of goods and services among countries.

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Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

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A proposed agreement between the U.S. and eleven other nations on the Pacific Rim intended to substantially lower tariffs and protect intellectual property.

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An organization with political institutions that join 28 coun- tries in Europe into a union that promotes free trade, a central bank, flow of labor and capital, and a common currency among most members.

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