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WorksheetsMidterm
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins
Acid mucosubstances and neutral mucosubstances can be differentiated by staining with both:
mucicarmine and weigert iron hematoxylin
alcian blue and PAS
toluidine blue and aldehyde fuchsin
sudan black B and Best carmine
Which of the following fixative components can also be used in staining techniques as a dye component?
HCl
picric acid
sudan black B
chloroform
Which of the following will bind to acid mucosubstances, which can then be demonstrated by the Prussian blue reaction?
diastase
dimedone
colloidal iron
hyaluronidase
In order to suppress background and nonspecific staining, a congo red solution frequently contains:
sodium acetate
sodium chloride
sodium phosphate
sodium sulfate
What is the micrometer thickness preferred for the technique shown:
2-3
4-6
8-10
12-15
Muscle that histologically contains cytoplasmic cross-striations and has multiple nuclei located at the edge of the fibers is classified as:
smooth
visceral
skeletal
cardiac
Collagen in the Gomori One Step trichome typically is stained:
red
green
purple
black
A patient has pyelonephritis (kidney). Which trichrome stain would most likely be ordered?
massons
gomori one step green
gomori aldehyde fuchsin
PTAH
In the wilder's reticulin stain, uranyl nitrate is used as a(n):
mordant
accentuator
sensitizer
toner
You have performed a masson's trichrome stain. Upon review for quality control, you notice that the tissue has a black precipitate and the nuclei are dark black. What probably happened is:
the weight's was over oxidized
the slides were left in weight's too long
the slides were not rinsed long enough after weigert's
the phosphotungstic/phosphomolybdic acid was too strong
The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) stain is useful for demonstrating:
edema fluid
ground substance
reticulin network
muscle striations
A possible source of error in the bodian procedure is:
washing off of sections due to alkalinity of the ammoniacal silver
washing off of sections due to acidity of the the ammoniacal silver
over-oxidation of sections with chromic acid
failure to use hydroquinone as a reducing agent
The type of silver used in the bodian technique is:
pyridine silver
ammoniacal silver
protargol s silver proteinate
diamine silver
Bielschowsky's method involves double impregnation of brain sections with silver solution. The reducing agent used in this method is:
sodium sulfite
formaldehyde
hydroquinone
phenol
Which of the following will not demonstrate myelin?
Mallory PTAH
LFB
Holzer
Weil
A giemsa stained microscopic section shows marked lysis of RBC's, amorphous brown pigment lying on top of the section, and very pale nuclear staining. These results are most likely due to improper treatment of tissue after fixation in:
formalin
orth fluid
zenker fluid or its substitute
bouin
To fix reactions and prevent further reduction of unused silver in the presence of light during silver procedures, sections should be treated with:
chromic acid
sodium thiosulfate
uranyl nitrate
gold chloride
A cell type that will stain with metachromatic dyes is most likely:
macrophages
mast cells
fibroblasts
megakaryocytes
A special staining technique that stains ____ purple is most likely ____.
nissl/ crystal violet
nissl/cresyl echt violet
axons/thionin
dendrites/
toluidine
The crystal violet technique for amyloid is a/an:
polarization technique
physical reaction
impregnation method
polychromatic stain
Which of the following fungi are well demonstrated with the colloidal iron stain?
histoplasma capsulatum
cryptococcus neoformans
candida albicans
coccidiodes inimitis
A tissue control section of small intestine were stained for the recommended time with a trichrome procedure using aniline blue. A quality control check reveals pale pink muscle staining. The most likely cause of this staining could be:
prolonged dehydration and clearing
prolonged time in aniline blue
incorrect time in phosphotungstic/phosphomolybdic acid
too much time in weigert's iron hematoxylin
Schiff reagent is a/an:
reduced solution of basic fuchsin
oxidized solution of basic fuchsin
reduced solution of acid fuchsin
oxidized solution of acid fuchsin
Which of the following pigments can be stained with sudan black B?
bilirubin
hemoglobin
lipofuchsin
melanin
The density of collagen fibers in any given organ varies from loose to dense according to the:
heredity and sex of the individual
location and function
size of the organ
age of the individual
Which of the following is not a good control for collagen stains?
uterus
blood smears
aorta
small intestine
Verhoeff Van Gieson technique, iodine is added to alcoholic hematoxylin and what other chemical?
ferric ammonium sulfate
van gieson's solution
picric acid
ferric chloride
The function of bouins fluid in the trichrome stains is that of a(n):
mordant
oxidizer
sensitizer
reducer
When performing a reticulin stain, what is the name of the combination of silver nitrate and ammonia hydroxide solution?
methenamine silver
ammoniacal silver
miscible silver
saturation silver
Which of the following stains are used to demonstrate nissl substance?
basic aniline dyes
thionin
cresyl echt violet
all of the above
A silver method that uses pyridine silver nitrate for impregnating neurofibrils is:
rio hortego
bodian
holmes
weil
How should tissue slides that have been zenker's fixed be treated when performing the verhoeff van gieson?
wash in 50% alcohol, treat with iodine/hypo
treat with iodine/hypo
wash in running water
treat with 50% alcohol
Which of the following special stain techniques may be used to demonstrate glial fibers?
a) mallory PTAH
b) holzer
c) weil
both a and b
The type of gold used in the Cajal gold sublimate technique is:
brown gold chloride
saturated gold chloride
unsaturated gold chloride
red gold chloride
A special stain technique that stains glial fibers blue is:
pal weigert
holzer
holmes
LFB
A good control for stains to demonstrate collagen is:
uterus
lung
spleen
plasma cells
Diastase digestion increases specificity for:
mucin
amyloid
carbohydrates
glycogen
Hyaluronidase used to digest connective tissue mucins in which of the following stains?
VVG
PAS
Aldehyde fuchsin
Alcian Blue
The schiff reaction may show a false positivity after which of the following fixatives?
chromate based
glutaraldehyde
zinc formalin
bouin
The color results for the colloidal stain are ____ for iron and the background is ___.
orange/blue
blue/pink and red
green/brown
brown/green
The elastic stain that is primarily used to stain beta cells of the pancreas is:
VVG
Orcinal/new fuchsin
gomori's aldehyde fuchsin
mallory's aniline blue
Trichrome stains are useful to:
differentiate nuclei from cytoplasm
differentiate collagen from muscle fibers
indicate increased amount of RBC's
differentiate smooth muscle from striated muscle
The fixative of choice that gives optimum results with the PTAH stain is:
helly
carnoy
zenker's or dichromate
bruins
Verhoeff solution contains ferric chloride which acts as a/an:
mordant
dye
dye liberator
all of the above
What special precautions should be followed when performing the reticulin stain:
use chemically clean glassware
use metal forceps
use only plastic coplin jars
use only freshly warmed glassware
Myelin, the white fatty material for insulation and protection around nerve fibers, contain protein, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and:
fatty acids
phospholipids
lipoprotein
endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following provide a support network for the central nervous system?
glial cells
oligodendroglia
astroglia
ependymal cells
all of the above
Nissl substance is composed of:
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
ribonucleic acids
all of the above
The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are called ___ and in the CNS the cells are called ___.
schwann cells; microglia
satellite cells; astrocytes
schwann cells; oligodendroglia
astrocytes; Schwann cells
oligodendroglia/schwann cells
A staining method that is used to diagnose alzheimer's disease is:
bielschowsky
holzer
alcian blue
PTAH
Marked non-specific background staining is noted on a section stained with the PAS technique. This could be the result of:
over oxidation of the section
prolonged washing in water
fixation with glutaraldehyde
fixation with zenker solution
Sections of small intestine stained with a mucicarmine show orange goblet cells that are primarily obscured by the yellow background. This is most likely the result of:
prolonged staining with mucicarmine
overstraining in metanil yellow
improper use of iron hematoxylin
a poor choice of control tissue
The best control for any of the reticular stains is:
skin
heart
liver
bone
The van gieson counterstain consists of:
basic fuchsin and orange G
basic fuchsin and saturated picric acids
eosin and phloxine
acid fuchsin and saturated picric acid
In the gordon and sweets reticulin stain, which of the following is used as an oxidizing reagents may be used to bleach melanin:
HCl
hydrogen peroxide
peracetic acid
potassium permanganate
The alcian blue 1.0 has been ordered on a colon biopsy. When making this you take 1 gm of alcian blue and use a solvent of ____.
3% acetic acid
0.1N HCl
distilled water
ammonium hydroxide
The reticulin stain uses ___ to tone sections.
hypo
gold chloride
uranyl nitrate
formalin
The reagent used to stain the fibers black in the reticulin is most likely:
ammoniacal silver
weigert's iron hematoxylin
verhoeff solution
alum hematoxylin
Techniques used to stain the fibers black when using a reticulin stain includes all of the following except:
wilder
snook
nassar-shanklin
lillie's allochrome PAS
The oxidizer used in the PTAH stain is most likely:
potassium permanganate
sodium metabisulfite
periodic acid
oxalic acid
The reagent used as a bleaching agent for the PTAH stain is:
periodic acid
oxalic acid
sodium bisulfite
sodium metabisulfite
The sequence of reactions in the wilder and snook silver methods for reticulum fibers is:
sensitization, oxidation, silver impregnation, reduction, counterstain, toning, hypo
oxidation, sensitization, silver impregnation, reduction, toning, hypo, counterstain
oxidation, sensitization, reduction, silver impregnation, counterstain, toning, hypo
sensitization, silver impregnation, oxidation, reduction, hypo, counterstain, toning
If zenker's (or it's substitute) fixed tissue is used to perform connective tissue stain for collagen, tissue must be treated with:
50% - 70% alcohol
saturated lithium carbonate in alcohol
iodine/sodium thiosulfate
picric acid/alcohol
Stains to differentiate collagen from muscle are useful to the pathologists because:
a) In an H&E, both collagen and muscle stain pink to red with eosin
b) it allows them to determine if there are increased amounts of collagen in tissue section
c) it allows them to distinguish tumors that arise from muscle cells from tumors arising from fibroblasts
a and b
all of the above
A natural dye that has an affinity for elastic is:
PTAH
Orcein
aldehyde fuchsin
verhoeff van gieson
A section of uterus was fixed in 10% NBF and stained with the masson trichrome stain. How should tissue be treated prior to staining?
wash in running water overnight
mordant in potassium dichromate
mordant in bouin's prior to staining
no treatment is required
What is a good control for nissl stains?
peripheral nerve
kidney
liver
spinal cord
what are the differentiating solution used in the LFB technique?
aniline oil/chloroform
70% alcohol/lithium carbonate
ferric ammonium/ potassium ferracyanide
none of the above
Chromotrope 2R is most likely used in the:
masson trichrome
gomori one step
azan
mallory's aniline blue
A combination method for demonstrating fat and myelin in frozen sections of brain is:
luxol fast blue/ PAS
H&E
Holzer's
Luxol fast blue/ oil red o
A combination method for demonstrating myelin and nerve fibers is:
LFB - PTAH
LFB - Oil red O
LFB - Holmes
LFB - Holzer
The differentiating solution in holzer's method is:
borax ferricyanide
alcohol - acetone
aniline oil - chloroform
alcohol - dioxane
Which of the following substances will NOT produce an irreversible reaction?
ammoniacal silver
methenamine silver
schiff reagent
alcian blue
The PAS reaction depends upon the presence of:
ketones
aldehydes
sulfated compounds
carboxylated compounds
What is the recommended control(s) for the VVG technique?
kidney
fetal liver
muscular artery
skin
What is the preferred fixative to be used for the aldehyde fuchsin stain?
chromate fixatives
bouins
zinc formalin
10% NBF
In a section of umbilical cord stained with alcian blue, the blue staining is due to:
epithelial mucin
connective tissue mucin
glycogen
nonspecific staining
What is the principle of staining neurofibrils in nerve tissue?
argyrophil
argentaffin
gold impregnation
no options correct
An argyrophil stain that can also be used to demonstrate granules of some carcinoid tumors is the method of:
cajal
holmes
sevier munger
weil
An acetic acid rinse is used in trichrome technique to make colors more transparent. The acetic acid acts as a/an:
accentuator
accelerator
mordant
oxidizer
The basic component of the central nervous system is the:
axon
neuron
dendrite
ganglion
The nerve process carrying nerve impulses toward the cell body is called:
dendrite
axon
neuron
ganglion
A component of nerve tissue that can be demonstrated by gold and silver impregnation technique is:
neurofibrils
nissl substance
dendrites
myelin
Which of the following do not stain dendrites or axons?
bodian
holmes
bielschowsky
cajal
This stain will show wallerian degeneration within a tract of axons such as in syphilis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
weil
bodian
holzer
cajal
For the churukian schenk method for ____ you have to pretreat the slides with ____ before placing the slides in the silver nitrate.
argentaffin granules/ acetic acidified water
argyrophil granules/ acetic acidified water
argentaffin granules/ citric acidified water
argyrophil granules/ citric acidified water
The color result for the congo red method is ___ for amyloid and the background is ___.
olive drab green/ bright green
blue-brown/ orange
blue/ pink-red
green birefringence and black background
The addition of acid to the crystal violet staining solution can:
reduce background staining
increase background staining
develop the amyloid birefringence
dilute the solution
The term "squamous", "cuboidal", and "columnar" describe cells that have their origin in which tissue?
connective
muscle
epithelial
bone
Hemoglobin is best demonstrated by ____ dyes.
cationic
ionic
hypertonic
anionic
A 4 micron section of cerebral cortex was stained with bodian technique. Microscopic examination of the sections show light staining of the fibers as well as light staining of NFR, with very little morphology. The most likely cause of this staining is:
section too thin
tissue is autolyzed
silver too old
NFR is too old
The sevier munger special stain is most likely staining for:
nissl
neurofibrillary tangles
reticulum fibers
elastic
Chromatolysis during injury to a neuron refers to loss of:
myelin
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells
nissl substance
A connective tissue stain that is useful in the diagnosis of Rhabomyosarcoma is:
fontana masson
VVG
PTAH
mallory aniline blue
When cresyl echt violet at pH 2.5 is used to stain tigroid bodies, the staining is:
regressive
progressive
polychromatic
induced
What is used in the bodian technique to increase the differentiation between neural and connective tissue?
copper shot
chloroform
ammoniacal silver
aqua regia
A good control for the mayer mucicarmine is:
kidney
appendix or GI
spleen
liver
The reliability of schiff reagent may be checked by adding which of the following to a small aliquot of the schiff solution?
sodium iodate
formaldehyde
potassium metabisulfite
diastase
What is the largest part of the brain?
cerebellum
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
The type of differentiation used in the verhoeff van gieson is:
acid base medium
excess mordant
buffers
weak acid alcohol
