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Worksheets

Midterm

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Acid mucosubstances and neutral mucosubstances can be differentiated by staining with both:

a)

mucicarmine and weigert iron hematoxylin

b)

alcian blue and PAS

c)

toluidine blue and aldehyde fuchsin

d)

sudan black B and Best carmine

2.

Which of the following fixative components can also be used in staining techniques as a dye component?

a)

HCl

b)

picric acid

c)

sudan black B

d)

chloroform

3.

Which of the following will bind to acid mucosubstances, which can then be demonstrated by the Prussian blue reaction?

a)

diastase

b)

dimedone

c)

colloidal iron

d)

hyaluronidase

4.

In order to suppress background and nonspecific staining, a congo red solution frequently contains:

a)

sodium acetate

b)

sodium chloride

c)

sodium phosphate

d)

sodium sulfate

5.

What is the micrometer thickness preferred for the technique shown:

a)

2-3

b)

4-6

c)

8-10

d)

12-15

6.

Muscle that histologically contains cytoplasmic cross-striations and has multiple nuclei located at the edge of the fibers is classified as:

a)

smooth

b)

visceral

c)

skeletal

d)

cardiac

7.

Collagen in the Gomori One Step trichome typically is stained:

a)

red

b)

green

c)

purple

d)

black

8.

A patient has pyelonephritis (kidney). Which trichrome stain would most likely be ordered?

a)

massons

b)

gomori one step green

c)

gomori aldehyde fuchsin

d)

PTAH

9.

In the wilder's reticulin stain, uranyl nitrate is used as a(n):

a)

mordant

b)

accentuator

c)

sensitizer

d)

toner

10.

You have performed a masson's trichrome stain. Upon review for quality control, you notice that the tissue has a black precipitate and the nuclei are dark black. What probably happened is:

a)

the weight's was over oxidized

b)

the slides were left in weight's too long

c)

the slides were not rinsed long enough after weigert's

d)

the phosphotungstic/phosphomolybdic acid was too strong

11.

The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) stain is useful for demonstrating:

a)

edema fluid

b)

ground substance

c)

reticulin network

d)

muscle striations

12.

A possible source of error in the bodian procedure is:

a)

washing off of sections due to alkalinity of the ammoniacal silver

b)

washing off of sections due to acidity of the the ammoniacal silver

c)

over-oxidation of sections with chromic acid

d)

failure to use hydroquinone as a reducing agent

13.

The type of silver used in the bodian technique is:

a)

pyridine silver

b)

ammoniacal silver

c)

protargol s silver proteinate

d)

diamine silver

14.

Bielschowsky's method involves double impregnation of brain sections with silver solution. The reducing agent used in this method is:

a)

sodium sulfite

b)

formaldehyde

c)

hydroquinone

d)

phenol

15.

Which of the following will not demonstrate myelin?

a)

Mallory PTAH

b)

LFB

c)

Holzer

d)

Weil

16.

A giemsa stained microscopic section shows marked lysis of RBC's, amorphous brown pigment lying on top of the section, and very pale nuclear staining. These results are most likely due to improper treatment of tissue after fixation in:

a)

formalin

b)

orth fluid

c)

zenker fluid or its substitute

d)

bouin

17.

To fix reactions and prevent further reduction of unused silver in the presence of light during silver procedures, sections should be treated with:

a)

chromic acid

b)

sodium thiosulfate

c)

uranyl nitrate

d)

gold chloride

18.

A cell type that will stain with metachromatic dyes is most likely:

a)

macrophages

b)

mast cells

c)

fibroblasts

d)

megakaryocytes

19.

A special staining technique that stains ____ purple is most likely ____.

a)

nissl/ crystal violet

b)

nissl/cresyl echt violet

c)

axons/thionin

d)

dendrites/

toluidine

20.

The crystal violet technique for amyloid is a/an:

a)

polarization technique

b)

physical reaction

c)

impregnation method

d)

polychromatic stain

21.

Which of the following fungi are well demonstrated with the colloidal iron stain?

a)

histoplasma capsulatum

b)

cryptococcus neoformans

c)

candida albicans

d)

coccidiodes inimitis

22.

A tissue control section of small intestine were stained for the recommended time with a trichrome procedure using aniline blue. A quality control check reveals pale pink muscle staining. The most likely cause of this staining could be:

a)

prolonged dehydration and clearing

b)

prolonged time in aniline blue

c)

incorrect time in phosphotungstic/phosphomolybdic acid

d)

too much time in weigert's iron hematoxylin

23.

Schiff reagent is a/an:

a)

reduced solution of basic fuchsin

b)

oxidized solution of basic fuchsin

c)

reduced solution of acid fuchsin

d)

oxidized solution of acid fuchsin

24.

Which of the following pigments can be stained with sudan black B?

a)

bilirubin

b)

hemoglobin

c)

lipofuchsin

d)

melanin

25.

The density of collagen fibers in any given organ varies from loose to dense according to the:

a)

heredity and sex of the individual

b)

location and function

c)

size of the organ

d)

age of the individual

26.

Which of the following is not a good control for collagen stains?

a)

uterus

b)

blood smears

c)

aorta

d)

small intestine

27.

Verhoeff Van Gieson technique, iodine is added to alcoholic hematoxylin and what other chemical?

a)

ferric ammonium sulfate

b)

van gieson's solution

c)

picric acid

d)

ferric chloride

28.

The function of bouins fluid in the trichrome stains is that of a(n):

a)

mordant

b)

oxidizer

c)

sensitizer

d)

reducer

29.

When performing a reticulin stain, what is the name of the combination of silver nitrate and ammonia hydroxide solution?

a)

methenamine silver

b)

ammoniacal silver

c)

miscible silver

d)

saturation silver

30.

Which of the following stains are used to demonstrate nissl substance?

a)

basic aniline dyes

b)

thionin

c)

cresyl echt violet

d)

all of the above

31.

A silver method that uses pyridine silver nitrate for impregnating neurofibrils is:

a)

rio hortego

b)

bodian

c)

holmes

d)

weil

32.

How should tissue slides that have been zenker's fixed be treated when performing the verhoeff van gieson?

a)

wash in 50% alcohol, treat with iodine/hypo

b)

treat with iodine/hypo

c)

wash in running water

d)

treat with 50% alcohol

33.

Which of the following special stain techniques may be used to demonstrate glial fibers?

a)

a) mallory PTAH

b)

b) holzer

c)

c) weil

d)

both a and b

34.

The type of gold used in the Cajal gold sublimate technique is:

a)

brown gold chloride

b)

saturated gold chloride

c)

unsaturated gold chloride

d)

red gold chloride

35.

A special stain technique that stains glial fibers blue is:

a)

pal weigert

b)

holzer

c)

holmes

d)

LFB

36.

A good control for stains to demonstrate collagen is:

a)

uterus

b)

lung

c)

spleen

d)

plasma cells

37.

Diastase digestion increases specificity for:

a)

mucin

b)

amyloid

c)

carbohydrates

d)

glycogen

38.

Hyaluronidase used to digest connective tissue mucins in which of the following stains?

a)

VVG

b)

PAS

c)

Aldehyde fuchsin

d)

Alcian Blue

39.

The schiff reaction may show a false positivity after which of the following fixatives?

a)

chromate based

b)

glutaraldehyde

c)

zinc formalin

d)

bouin

40.

The color results for the colloidal stain are ____ for iron and the background is ___.

a)

orange/blue

b)

blue/pink and red

c)

green/brown

d)

brown/green

41.

The elastic stain that is primarily used to stain beta cells of the pancreas is:

a)

VVG

b)

Orcinal/new fuchsin

c)

gomori's aldehyde fuchsin

d)

mallory's aniline blue

42.

Trichrome stains are useful to:

a)

differentiate nuclei from cytoplasm

b)

differentiate collagen from muscle fibers

c)

indicate increased amount of RBC's

d)

differentiate smooth muscle from striated muscle

43.

The fixative of choice that gives optimum results with the PTAH stain is:

a)

helly

b)

carnoy

c)

zenker's or dichromate

d)

bruins

44.

Verhoeff solution contains ferric chloride which acts as a/an:

a)

mordant

b)

dye

c)

dye liberator

d)

all of the above

45.

What special precautions should be followed when performing the reticulin stain:

a)

use chemically clean glassware

b)

use metal forceps

c)

use only plastic coplin jars

d)

use only freshly warmed glassware

46.

Myelin, the white fatty material for insulation and protection around nerve fibers, contain protein, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and:

a)

fatty acids

b)

phospholipids

c)

lipoprotein

d)

endoplasmic reticulum

47.

Which of the following provide a support network for the central nervous system?

a)

glial cells

b)

oligodendroglia

c)

astroglia

d)

ependymal cells

e)

all of the above

48.

Nissl substance is composed of:

a)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosomes

c)

ribonucleic acids

d)

all of the above

49.

The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are called ___ and in the CNS the cells are called ___.

a)

schwann cells; microglia

b)

satellite cells; astrocytes

c)

schwann cells; oligodendroglia

d)

astrocytes; Schwann cells

e)

oligodendroglia/schwann cells

50.

A staining method that is used to diagnose alzheimer's disease is:

a)

bielschowsky

b)

holzer

c)

alcian blue

d)

PTAH

51.

Marked non-specific background staining is noted on a section stained with the PAS technique. This could be the result of:

a)

over oxidation of the section

b)

prolonged washing in water

c)

fixation with glutaraldehyde

d)

fixation with zenker solution

52.

Sections of small intestine stained with a mucicarmine show orange goblet cells that are primarily obscured by the yellow background. This is most likely the result of:

a)

prolonged staining with mucicarmine

b)

overstraining in metanil yellow

c)

improper use of iron hematoxylin

d)

a poor choice of control tissue

53.

The best control for any of the reticular stains is:

a)

skin

b)

heart

c)

liver

d)

bone

54.

The van gieson counterstain consists of:

a)

basic fuchsin and orange G

b)

basic fuchsin and saturated picric acids

c)

eosin and phloxine

d)

acid fuchsin and saturated picric acid

55.

In the gordon and sweets reticulin stain, which of the following is used as an oxidizing reagents may be used to bleach melanin:

a)

HCl

b)

hydrogen peroxide

c)

peracetic acid

d)

potassium permanganate

56.

The alcian blue 1.0 has been ordered on a colon biopsy. When making this you take 1 gm of alcian blue and use a solvent of ____.

a)

3% acetic acid

b)

0.1N HCl

c)

distilled water

d)

ammonium hydroxide

57.

The reticulin stain uses ___ to tone sections.

a)

hypo

b)

gold chloride

c)

uranyl nitrate

d)

formalin

58.

The reagent used to stain the fibers black in the reticulin is most likely:

a)

ammoniacal silver

b)

weigert's iron hematoxylin

c)

verhoeff solution

d)

alum hematoxylin

59.

Techniques used to stain the fibers black when using a reticulin stain includes all of the following except:

a)

wilder

b)

snook

c)

nassar-shanklin

d)

lillie's allochrome PAS

60.

The oxidizer used in the PTAH stain is most likely:

a)

potassium permanganate

b)

sodium metabisulfite

c)

periodic acid

d)

oxalic acid

61.

The reagent used as a bleaching agent for the PTAH stain is:

a)

periodic acid

b)

oxalic acid

c)

sodium bisulfite

d)

sodium metabisulfite

62.

The sequence of reactions in the wilder and snook silver methods for reticulum fibers is:

a)

sensitization, oxidation, silver impregnation, reduction, counterstain, toning, hypo

b)

oxidation, sensitization, silver impregnation, reduction, toning, hypo, counterstain

c)

oxidation, sensitization, reduction, silver impregnation, counterstain, toning, hypo

d)

sensitization, silver impregnation, oxidation, reduction, hypo, counterstain, toning

63.

If zenker's (or it's substitute) fixed tissue is used to perform connective tissue stain for collagen, tissue must be treated with:

a)

50% - 70% alcohol

b)

saturated lithium carbonate in alcohol

c)

iodine/sodium thiosulfate

d)

picric acid/alcohol

64.

Stains to differentiate collagen from muscle are useful to the pathologists because:

a)

a) In an H&E, both collagen and muscle stain pink to red with eosin

b)

b) it allows them to determine if there are increased amounts of collagen in tissue section

c)

c) it allows them to distinguish tumors that arise from muscle cells from tumors arising from fibroblasts

d)

a and b

e)

all of the above

65.

A natural dye that has an affinity for elastic is:

a)

PTAH

b)

Orcein

c)

aldehyde fuchsin

d)

verhoeff van gieson

66.

A section of uterus was fixed in 10% NBF and stained with the masson trichrome stain. How should tissue be treated prior to staining?

a)

wash in running water overnight

b)

mordant in potassium dichromate

c)

mordant in bouin's prior to staining

d)

no treatment is required

67.

What is a good control for nissl stains?

a)

peripheral nerve

b)

kidney

c)

liver

d)

spinal cord

68.

what are the differentiating solution used in the LFB technique?

a)

aniline oil/chloroform

b)

70% alcohol/lithium carbonate

c)

ferric ammonium/ potassium ferracyanide

d)

none of the above

69.

Chromotrope 2R is most likely used in the:

a)

masson trichrome

b)

gomori one step

c)

azan

d)

mallory's aniline blue

70.

A combination method for demonstrating fat and myelin in frozen sections of brain is:

a)

luxol fast blue/ PAS

b)

H&E

c)

Holzer's

d)

Luxol fast blue/ oil red o

71.

A combination method for demonstrating myelin and nerve fibers is:

a)

LFB - PTAH

b)

LFB - Oil red O

c)

LFB - Holmes

d)

LFB - Holzer

72.

The differentiating solution in holzer's method is:

a)

borax ferricyanide

b)

alcohol - acetone

c)

aniline oil - chloroform

d)

alcohol - dioxane

73.

Which of the following substances will NOT produce an irreversible reaction?

a)

ammoniacal silver

b)

methenamine silver

c)

schiff reagent

d)

alcian blue

74.

The PAS reaction depends upon the presence of:

a)

ketones

b)

aldehydes

c)

sulfated compounds

d)

carboxylated compounds

75.

What is the recommended control(s) for the VVG technique?

a)

kidney

b)

fetal liver

c)

muscular artery

d)

skin

76.

What is the preferred fixative to be used for the aldehyde fuchsin stain?

a)

chromate fixatives

b)

bouins

c)

zinc formalin

d)

10% NBF

77.

In a section of umbilical cord stained with alcian blue, the blue staining is due to:

a)

epithelial mucin

b)

connective tissue mucin

c)

glycogen

d)

nonspecific staining

78.

What is the principle of staining neurofibrils in nerve tissue?

a)

argyrophil

b)

argentaffin

c)

gold impregnation

d)

no options correct

79.

An argyrophil stain that can also be used to demonstrate granules of some carcinoid tumors is the method of:

a)

cajal

b)

holmes

c)

sevier munger

d)

weil

80.

An acetic acid rinse is used in trichrome technique to make colors more transparent. The acetic acid acts as a/an:

a)

accentuator

b)

accelerator

c)

mordant

d)

oxidizer

81.

The basic component of the central nervous system is the:

a)

axon

b)

neuron

c)

dendrite

d)

ganglion

82.

The nerve process carrying nerve impulses toward the cell body is called:

a)

dendrite

b)

axon

c)

neuron

d)

ganglion

83.

A component of nerve tissue that can be demonstrated by gold and silver impregnation technique is:

a)

neurofibrils

b)

nissl substance

c)

dendrites

d)

myelin

84.

Which of the following do not stain dendrites or axons?

a)

bodian

b)

holmes

c)

bielschowsky

d)

cajal

85.

This stain will show wallerian degeneration within a tract of axons such as in syphilis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:

a)

weil

b)

bodian

c)

holzer

d)

cajal

86.

For the churukian schenk method for ____ you have to pretreat the slides with ____ before placing the slides in the silver nitrate.

a)

argentaffin granules/ acetic acidified water

b)

argyrophil granules/ acetic acidified water

c)

argentaffin granules/ citric acidified water

d)

argyrophil granules/ citric acidified water

87.

The color result for the congo red method is ___ for amyloid and the background is ___.

a)

olive drab green/ bright green

b)

blue-brown/ orange

c)

blue/ pink-red

d)

green birefringence and black background

88.

The addition of acid to the crystal violet staining solution can:

a)

reduce background staining

b)

increase background staining

c)

develop the amyloid birefringence

d)

dilute the solution

89.

The term "squamous", "cuboidal", and "columnar" describe cells that have their origin in which tissue?

a)

connective

b)

muscle

c)

epithelial

d)

bone

90.

Hemoglobin is best demonstrated by ____ dyes.

a)

cationic

b)

ionic

c)

hypertonic

d)

anionic

91.

A 4 micron section of cerebral cortex was stained with bodian technique. Microscopic examination of the sections show light staining of the fibers as well as light staining of NFR, with very little morphology. The most likely cause of this staining is:

a)

section too thin

b)

tissue is autolyzed

c)

silver too old

d)

NFR is too old

92.

The sevier munger special stain is most likely staining for:

a)

nissl

b)

neurofibrillary tangles

c)

reticulum fibers

d)

elastic

93.

Chromatolysis during injury to a neuron refers to loss of:

a)

myelin

b)

oligodendrocytes

c)

schwann cells

d)

nissl substance

94.

A connective tissue stain that is useful in the diagnosis of Rhabomyosarcoma is:

a)

fontana masson

b)

VVG

c)

PTAH

d)

mallory aniline blue

95.

When cresyl echt violet at pH 2.5 is used to stain tigroid bodies, the staining is:

a)

regressive

b)

progressive

c)

polychromatic

d)

induced

96.

What is used in the bodian technique to increase the differentiation between neural and connective tissue?

a)

copper shot

b)

chloroform

c)

ammoniacal silver

d)

aqua regia

97.

A good control for the mayer mucicarmine is:

a)

kidney

b)

appendix or GI

c)

spleen

d)

liver

98.

The reliability of schiff reagent may be checked by adding which of the following to a small aliquot of the schiff solution?

a)

sodium iodate

b)

formaldehyde

c)

potassium metabisulfite

d)

diastase

99.

What is the largest part of the brain?

a)

cerebellum

b)

thalamus

c)

cerebrum

d)

hypothalamus

100.

The type of differentiation used in the verhoeff van gieson is:

a)

acid base medium

b)

excess mordant

c)

buffers

d)

weak acid alcohol