November 1945, the Allies agreed that the Soviet Union would focus on freeing Eastern Europe, while Britain and the United States would concentrate on Western Europe.

(a)  

By February 15,1945  the Allies knew that Germany was near defeat, but they disagreed about what should happen after Germany’s surrender.

(a)  

The final meeting among leaders of the Big Three,began on July 15 in Germany. Harry Truman, who had become president after Roosevelt died on April 12, represented the United States. Churchill started the conference but lost his position as prime minister in mid-July and was replaced by Clement Atlee.

(a)  

the United States and the Soviet Union, Potsdam and the earlier conferences failed to settle important issues between the world’s major powers. As a result, the stage was set for a cold war between countries still devastated by a hot war.

(a)  

A   conflict that does not involve direct military confrontation between two or more rival states, but the superpowers turned to  propaganda campaigns, secret operations, and an arms race.

(a)  

A bomb that was  much more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on Japan at the end of World War II.

(a)  

The informal alliance between the government and the large defense contractors, to gain too much power.

(a)  

the idea that each country should choose its own form of government and leaders,

(a)  

Established in 1945, a new organization to promote peace and prosperity to replace the League of Nations.

(a)  

Winston Churchill’s March 16 speech symbolized the Cold War. Churchill said that “an iron curtain has descended across the continent” of Europe. The metaphor described the split between Eastern and Western Europe.

(a)  

Small states that are economically or politically dependent on a larger, more powerful state

(a)  

Communist belief that organized workers would overthrow capitalism in all countries.

(a)  

A Policy of not letting communism spread farther into other countries.

(a)  

Enacted on June 1, was designed to offer 12 billion in aid to all nations of Europe, including Germany. This money would be used to modernize industry, reduce trade barriers, and rebuild Europe’s damaged infrastructure.

(a)  

A  20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability

(a)  

A  major power helps bring about a conflict between other nations but does not always fight directly. These conflicts underlined the political and philosophical divide between the superpowers.

(a)  

Through this operation, the Allies few supplies into Western zones between February 18 and May 1949, when the Soviets lifted the blockade.

(a)  

Was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR)

(a)  

The treaty pledged mutual support and cooperation within the alliance against conflicts and wars.

(a)  

The Soviet Union’s response to NATO was the Warsaw Pact, created in 1955. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union were the original members. Warsaw Pact nations combined their armed forces and based their army leaders in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union.

(a)  

The group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America under the influence of the Soviet Union that existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

(a)  

The idea that if one country in the region became communist, other countries would soon follow.

(a)  

Social movement opposed to the production of nuclear weapons

(a)  

A purposive change in the way in which agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of cultivation that are employed, or the relation of agriculture to the rest of the economy. Reforms such as these may be proclaimed by a government, by interested groups, or by revolution.

(a)  

A Marxist theorist, revolutionary, and, from 1949 to 1959, the first chairman of the People's Republic of China.

(a)  

large agricultural communities where the state held the land, not private owners.

(a)  

In Communist China groups of revolutionary students, to seize government officials, teachers, and others and send them

to the countryside for reeducation.

(a)  

A form of government in which religion is the supreme authority.

(a)  

Political group that led the movement calling for a separate Muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of British India (1947)

(a)  

1958, French President who had a new mandate for expanded presidential power under the constitution of the new Fifth Republic.

(a)  

South Vietnamese who supported the Communists, known as Viet Cong, fought a guerrilla war against U.S. troops.

(a)  

The communist leader of North Vietnam. He appealed to nationalist feelings to unite the country under

a single communist government.

(a)  

Overthrew the king and established the Republic of Egypt.

(a)  

International crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests.

(a)  

Quiet Revolution, period of rapid social and political change experienced in Québec during the 1960s.

(a)  

Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews

(a)  

1967, Israel fought on three fronts at once. Israel gained the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.

(a)  

Israel repelled a surprise invasion by Egypt and Syria.

(a)  

A peace agreement between Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt.

(a)  

Wanted the return of occupied lands and the creation of an independent nation of Palestine.

(a)  

A communist guerrilla organization  under the leadership of Pol Pot, overthrew the right-wing government of Cambodia. Once in power, Pol Pot  imposed a ruthless form of communism,

(a)  

A border region in the mountainous north. At the time of partition, most people in Kashmir were Muslims, but its leader was a Hindu.

(a)  

The world’s first female prime minister.  She won that position in 160 in Ceylon later Sri Lanka

.

(a)  

A large city of a former colonial ruler.

(a)  

The most prominent of African American civil rights leaders in the United States in the 1950's and 1960’s was a Baptist minister,

(a)  

A South African  socialist lawyer who led  the black resistance to apartheid.

(a)  

Was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August 1968, when the Soviet Union and most of Warsaw Pact members invaded the country to suppress the reforms.

(a)  

Foreign policy put forth by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev in 1968, calling on the Soviet Union to intervene—including militarily—in countries where socialist rule was under threat.

(a)  

Ohio National Guard killed four unarmed students during an anti war demonstration

(a)  

The Catholic-Protestant conflict in Northern Ireland became more violent in the 1960’s, with Catholics fighting as part of this group

(a)  

Conflict in Northern Ireland became more violent in the 1960s,  Protestants

(a)  

Founder of the militant Islamist organization al-Qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks against the United States and other Western powers, including the 2000 suicide bombing of the U.S. warship Cole in the Yemeni port of Aden and the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon near Washington, D.C.

(a)  

Terrorists killed themselves and more than 3,000 people when they hijacked and crashed planes in New York City, near Washington, D.C., and in rural Pennsylvania.

(a)