Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Contact comfort refers to the_____.

To find out whether it really is “the thought that counts” when giving a gift, Gino and Flynn (2011) asked gift recipients to rate how much they would appreciate getting a gift they requested as opposed to one chosen by the gift giver. According to the empirical evidence gathered, these researchers found that the _____.

Larry is eleven years old.  He can use concepts of time, space, volume, and number, but in ways that remain simplified and not abstract.  In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages is Larry?

Most people are vulnerable to Barnum effect, which is the tendency to believe claims because they seem true.

In order to understand cause and effect relationships, a psychology experiment creates two groups: the experimental and the control groups.

According to your textbook, reflective listeners avoid distractions and skillfully gather ideas.

An African-American social worker is working with a client from Argentina. She should be aware of how _____ affect behavior.

While taking notes in class, Carmela tries to anticipate what the teacher will say and looks for the core of ideas that will make up this lecture. She listens for signal words that will tell her what direction her instructor is taking, and she sits where she can get involved and ask questions. Lastly, Carmen is selective in writing down only the key points of the lecture, so she can focus on what the professor is saying. Carmen is engaged in the _____.

Which contemporary view of psychology sees behavior as being shaped and controlled by one’s environment?

Responding to a substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, as if it were the real drug is referred to as _____.

According to Erik Erikson, during adolescence, the key dilemma is trust vs. mistrust.

Psychologists who specializes in treating emotional difficulties is called a psychiatrist.

Which contemporary view of psychology sees behavior as being shaped and controlled by one’s environment?

A child and her mother are walking. Upon seeing a butterfly, she says, "Birdie!" and her mother replies, "No, that's a butterfly; see how small it is." The next time the child sees a butterfly she says, “Butterfly!” This example of the child changing her schemas to fit new information demonstrates_____ .

Shortly after birth, basic emotions such as distress, contentment, interest, and _____ are all displayed by the infant.

Sam is a young adult who is good at bouncing back after bad experiences and has the strength, self-control, and positive coping skills to thrive even in difficult circumstances.  Sam’s parents were most likely _____parents.

The anthropomorphic fallacy involves attributing human feelings and motives to animals.

The development of trauma in an infant corresponds to the formation of an attachment to parents.

Correlation typically demonstrates _____.

A z-score of +2.5 tells us that a score fell _____.

The small town of Corn Cob, IA wants to know what the community thinks about building a high-tech IMAX movie theatre in their community arts center. Increased taxes will be used to pay for the new theatre. Therefore, elected officials are mailing out questionnaires to determine public opinion about the theatre and the use of increased taxes to pay for it. Which type of research method are they using ?

Most inherited characteristics can be described as monogenic.

As Mr. Kim is being interviewed for a job, he actively and carefully listens to the interviewer’s questions and puts serious effort into thinking through the implications of answering each question in different ways before he responds. He is both focused and controlled throughout the interview. Mr. Kim is exhibiting __________ listening.

Micah is an early maturing girl. Compared to the late maturing girls, we can expect Micah to _____ .

The understanding that others have mental states (see the "Sally - Anne Task" that assess this ability below) that can be different from one’s own is called interactional view.

Mean, median, and mode are the three measures of central tendency.

By the end of the _____ stage, a majority of children start to reliably pass the task pictured below.

Psychologists who advocate the evolutionary view explain behavior through _____.

In the following array of numbers – 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7 – the mode is _____.

Environmental factors begin to influence a child’s development beginning at _____ .

In order to study the effects of alcohol consumption on physical coordination skills, Dr. Lawson assigned twenty-one-year-old men to drink 12 ounces, 4 ounces, or 0 ounces of an alcoholic beverage in the laboratory.  In this study, what was the independent variable?

Austyn feeds and takes care of her baby's physical needs when the baby cries to indicate his needs. If Austyn continues caring for the baby in this way, the baby is most likely to develop_____ .

Videotapes of babies confirm that they imitate adult facial gestures while they can see them. Biopsychologists would explain that this imitation is due to the action of the_____ .  

Which step in the LISAN method involves actively listening for words that tells the direction of a lecture is going.

In which parental style do parents enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority?

The graph shown depicts a __________ correlation.

The cognitive unconscious is _____.

Hakeem is a quiet and obedient boy. He accepts authority, rules, and values and in his daily interactions, his choices reflect a desire to please others in his family and community.  Hakeem is exhibiting moral reasoning at which level of development?

Dr. Jackson performs an experiment to learn whether room temperature changes affect the level of aggression shown by high school students who are under psychological duress. In this experiment, the independent variable of her study is _____.

Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior?

In order to carefully control conditions and confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the causes of behavior, one must _____ .

Fatima is 16 months old, and her mother has spent almost every waking moment of the last three weeks trying to toilet-train Fatima. However, she has shown no improvement. Fatima's mother should be told that toilet training as well as other milestones in development are governed by the_____ .

This is an artistic rendering of the _____.

hineas Gage underwent dramatic personality changes after he experienced serious damage to the __________ lobe as seen in the computer animation below.

According to the _____ theory, higher and lower tones excite different areas of the cochlea (see pictured below).

What is the yellow region in the picture of the neuron below called?

Jennifer has blurred vision for nearby objects and when she reads, she often would need to take off her glasses. This is due to the fact that her eyeballs are too short. Jennifer has the condition called _____, or commonly called “farsightedness”

If you were just driving 80 mph in a 60-mph zone and out of the corner of your eye, you sensed some flashing lights. You say underneath your breath, “Oh dang, got caught! Oh man, how much is this going to cost!?” Actually, you later see the lights were just the flashing lights of an oversized vehicle, warning those cars around it. You breathe a sigh of relief and continue on your merry ways. This erroneous assumption is an example of the influence of _____ .

Eyewitness reports of a traumatic event (e.g., being robbed at gunpoint) may be distorted because perceptions are affected by _____ .

Which receptor cells (see image below) produce color sensations and fine details, work best in bright light, and lie mainly at the center of the eye?

The tendency to believe that stimuli that are close to each other (see below – side (a) is 1 group of 36 dots vs. side (b) are 3 groups of 12 dots) tend to be grouped together is called _____ .

The frontal lobes (see pictured here) are responsible for _____.

Electroencephalogram (EEG, see below) is one way to measure brain activity. What does it do exactly?

The tendency to believe that stimuli that are close to each other (see below – side (a) is 1 group of 36 dots vs. side (b) are 3 groups of 12 dots) tend to be grouped together is called _____ .

Take a look at the image below. What do the animations of the "moving light" represent?

During soccer practice, Amit experiences symptoms commonly associated with having a stroke. The coaches rush him to the hospital so that the doctors can view the structure of this player’s brain using a specialized X-ray technique known as a(n) _____ (pictured below) .

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

Do you know that the fabric of the clothes you’re wearing have been rubbing up against your skin this entire time in class. Do you feel that? The fact that most of you probably was not aware of that fact until just now is an example of our conscious ability to influence what sensations we will receive. This ability is called

The brain separates images into “either-or” messages of red-green, blue-yellow, or black-white according to which theory of color vision? You might have remembered this exercise in the textbook?

In humans, the right side of the brain mainly controls which part of the body?

Damage to Broca's area (see red region below) causes great difficulty in _____ .

The central and peripheral are the two main divisions of the ______system (see below).

Many techniques have been developed to help identify specific brain structures and the functions they control. These research techniques are part of the basic research strategy known as _____ .

See the two images below. The one on the left is that of a MRI image. The one on the right is that of a fMRI image. What is the major difference between the two imaging techniques?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by the _____ .

According to the ______theory, as the pitch of a sound rises, auditory impulses of corresponding frequencies enter into the auditory nerve.

In class, Terry showed a video in which a guy changed the volume of Star Wars’ “Imperial March” on his car stereo. The volume at which we could hear the song is an example of _____ .

The tendency to group together objects that are the same size, shape, color, or form (see example below) is known as _____ .

Most college kids seem quite comfortable in their own dorm rooms, even if it is quite smelly. For example, some parents nearly suffocate when they visit their child’s dorm room. This phenomenon illustrates the college students’ _____ the smell of their pungent dorm rooms.

In situations in which true danger exists, such as in military combat, the rapid response of which part of the limbic system may aid the survival of this ancient marauding warrior?

You are probably seeing a soccer ball in the image below even though there are no lines that connect the black and white shapes. This is due to the Gestalt phenomenon of _____ .

The rhythmic movement of air molecules produces_____.

Pamela enviously watches her tennis rival Sarah practice. She admires Sarah’s control of the racket and finely coordinated movement. Having just covered the section on the brain in her psychology class, Pamela knows that Sarah must have a highly developed _____ .

In bright light, vision depends mainly on the rods. 

The somatic and autonomic systems are part of the peripheral nervous system. 

Absolute threshold refers to the minimum amount of stimulus (e.g., sound) that can be detected 50% of the time. 

Neurotransmitters link brain structures to brain functions. 

The fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres (pictured here) are called corpus callosum. 

In dim light, vision depends mainly on the cones. 

All things being equal, things that are similar (see example of this answer below) tend to be seen as belonging to the same group.

When a person is prepared to perceive events / the environment in a particular way, it is said that a perceptual set / expectancy exists (see below for an visual example).

Intense stimuli (e.g., a screaming coach) are more effective at getting our attention. 

The cerebral cortex system (in green below) is related to emotion and memory. 

Look at the photo below. Which of the following is a graphic representation of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

_____ is the overall capacity to think rationally, to act purposefully, and to adapt to one's surroundings.

Among the following choices, which have the highest positive correlation between their IQs?

Howard Gardner of Harvard University believe intellectual abilities exist in multiple forms.  In the following slide, which intellectual ability is missing here?

There are 4 reasons we forget things.  In this slide below, what is the missing reason?

For some researchers, intelligence consists of a “general mental ability” referred to as _____ .

In Pavlov’s experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the _____ .

Omar tells his new joke to three different people, and each one of them laughs. Because telling the joke led to laughter, which Omar enjoys, he will be more likely to tell this joke to other people. This situation illustrates _____ ,

Which type of reinforcers gain their reinforcing qualities because they are associated with primary reinforcers or can be exchanged for primary reinforcers?

When Dr. Jackson was first learning golf, she would hit three or four very great shots in an entire round with these great shots being somewhat random and unpredictable. Nonetheless, these successful shots kept her going with the practice rounds. Dr. Jackson was being reinforced on what kind of partial reinforcement schedule?

The process through which a complex response (e.g., how to swing a baseball bat properly) is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is called _____.

Every time Andrew gets his anxiety attacks, he would take a hot steamy bath and just soak in the tub, with soft music playing in the background. This routine relaxes him and he is usually fine after that. Because the bath removes his anxiety, he does it every time her anxiety attacks occur. This is an example of _____?

One night, Susie's taekwondo tournament was split into 2 sessions. She had matches from 10 am to 12 pm, then a 2-hour break from 12-2 pm.  During her break, she had some food, while watching TV. When she returned to taekwondo at 2 pm, she realized that she forgot a lot of what her coach told her about her earlier matches. Possibly, her TV-watching during her break affected her performance via the process of _____ .

Take a look at the photo of a slide that I showed in class.  Focus on the two light blue boxes with "???" in them.  In the context of this model of our memory processes, what are the two types of memory shown in the light blue boxes? 

How is this sea snail (aplysia, see below) related to memory research?

Vivid recollections of emotionally significant events, such as the September 11 attacks are known as _____ .

Looking at the forgetting curve below, which of the following advice about studying would logically flow from

See the photo below of a slide I showed in class.  Look at the yellow box on the lower right corner.  At the end of the classically conditioned process, what is this called?

It is most effective to punish/reward a behavior _____.

On day 1 of soccer practice, the coach spent 15 minutes showing the young players the fundamentals of soccer playing like dribbling, kicking, head-butting, and passing. In order for the team to learn anything from these observations, they had to have been _____, remember what was shown, and be able to reproduce the movements.

Borte first learned how to swim when he was 5 years old in the US. For the next 10 years, he moved to the Mongolian desert and forgot how to swim completely. However, based on the concept of _____, if he was to learn swimming again at age 16, his acquisition of swimming should take less time than someone else’s first attempt at learning how to swim.

In classical conditioning, extinction (see diagram below) occurs when _____.

Conditioned emotional response (CER) to a previously _____ has been proposed as one factor in people with phobias.

All learning is defined as _____.

List B easier to remember than List A because of _____ in short-term memory?

In general, recognition memory is _____ recall memory, especially with photos and pictures, such as this photo of what happened when the first person landed on the moon in 1969.

According to Figure 34.6 shown below, compared to people who slept for 8 hours, people who did not sleep performed _____ on a memory test.

Which of the following occurs whenever a person or animal forms a simple connection among various stimuli and/or responses?

When 10-year-old Addy hears her father at the door, she runs to the front door to greet him and receives a warm and enjoyable bear hug from her father. This hug is considered a positive consequence that will _____ Addy’s likelihood of running to the door to greet her father in the future

The famous study below with children and adult models established the strength of _____.

Look at the photo below. It is the slide I showed in class that displayed the 4 types of consequences after our action. Use the top row to help you "think out loud". Focus on Row B.  Is the statement below true about Row B?

Row B represents "negative punishment", because following your action, something negative was removed from you (sad face) and the probability of that behavior recurring in the future increases.

Using the traditional formula to calculate IQ, a 8-year-old girl with an IQ of 200 would have a mental age of 25 years of age.

The first stage of memory is sensory memory when you receive sensory input.

Compared to biological parents, adoptive parents contribute only environmental influences in their adoptive children's intellectual abilities.

Tests such as the Block Design subtest of the WAIS-IV is considered bias free because performance on this test is not influenced by verbal skills, cultural background, and educational background.

In Unit 3, we covered different types of learning. The missing part in the photo is "observational learning".

People will always imitate the behaviors learned by observation.

There is a concern about media violence (e.g., violent video games) because it is believed that violence in media can lead to oversensitization to violent actions.

Witness memory can be influenced by the words used to describe a past event. 

Talking and texting in class may influence your memory of the lecture due to encoding failures.

Look at the image below. Which of the following choices summarizes the Freudian / psychodynamic view of personality?

In order for a test to be considered a “good test,” the test must be _____ .

Which of the following IS NOT one of the types of prejudice discussed in the textbook?

According to Carl Rogers, if the discrepancy between ideal self, self-image, and true self is large, the person will more likely experience _____ .

In bystander intervention phenomenon, which of the following is the most crucial step in the decision to give help?

The parts in red (see below) receives sensory information very directly and quickly, bypassing the cortex and allowing persons to respond to potential danger before they really know what's happening?

Joanna approached a man on the bus and asked him what time it was. The man told her it was 5:15 pm.  Next, Joanna asked him if she could borrow $5.  The phenomenon that predicts the man would have a higher likelihood to agree to the second request because he agreed to the first smaller request is called

These 4 characteristics - lacking remorse, cynicism, callousness, and lack of concern for morality - describe the Dark Triad trait of _____.

In the follow-up to his original set of obedience experiments, Milgram showed that under less prestigious surroundings (shabby office building instead of Yale University), obedience _____.

_____ are, "stable characteristic that is shown in most situations".

The dimensions of the “Big Five” factor model of personality are _____ .

If the roles a person occupies (parent vs. employer) require behaviors that are inconsistent with one another (loving a child vs. firing a bad employee), there is _____ .

Regarding facial expressions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Biological predispositions, which is a hereditary readiness (see DNA below) to behave in a certain way is the definition of personality _____.

Volunteering at an orphanage and donating money to overseas missionaries by elderly retiree would be an example of fulfilling the _____ in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

The image below would be similar to test stimuli in the _____ .

Regarding physical attractiveness, which of the following statements is FALSE ?

On Monday, Rocky dropped a pile of books in the local library, making a loud noise that frightened an elderly library staff.  He blamed that the books were too heavy.  On Friday, when he visited the library again, he saw a woman drop a very big and heavy book, also making a loud noise in the process. Rocky thought to himself, “What a clumsy and rude girl!” In this example, Rocky committed the _____ .

Emotions can be influenced by how you think about the event.  If a vehicle "cuts you off" on the highway, depending on your thoughts about it, you could become angry or just brush it off. This process is called _____.

____ are internal standards of evaluations that are based on actions or activities (e.g., playing the violin in the orchestra) that we do, which could win approval or be rejected by our parents.

Behavioral personality theories indicate that personality is _____ ?

Personality assessment interviews has the advantage of providing detailed information, and the clinician can observe body language of the client. However, one of the shortcomings of interviews is the risk of _____.

According to Sigmund Freud, the ego is governed by the reality principle, which _____. Note: Maybe the diagram below will help you.

An individual’s unique and enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are called _____ .

A young woman engages in frequent episodes of eating large quantity of food, after which she would throw it all us because she's fearful of gaining weight. This cycle of binge-purge is a symptom of _____.

Which of the following is the correct name for the graph you see below that summarizes the relationships among arousal and performance?

Danielle is quieter than average in class. According to trait-situation interaction, what would Danielle’s behavior be like at a basketball game?

Hyde, the macho dude in "That 70s Show" was a first angry that his girlfriend made his room "girly." However, as he started to enjoy its luxurious smells, softness, and comforts, he changed his attitudes about the nature of his bedroom. This process is an example of what happens in _____.

Motivation is defined as _____ . In his rock-climbing ordeal, Aaron Ralston showed the world how strong motivation can save a person's life, even under seemingly impossible odds.

Look at the image below. Which of the following choices summarize the humanistic perspective of personality?

Interventions against test anxiety include overpreparation, asking for emotional support, imagery rehearsal, and thought restructuring.

Jordan is jogging on the gym treadmill.  All of a sudden, two women come on the treadmill on either side of him. He then increased the slope of the treadmill and start to run fast. This change in behavior in Jordan is an example of the "mere presence" effect in social psychology.

Electrically stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus (the light blue kidney-like structures) will cause a rat to feel satiated (e.g., full) .

Unlike thirst, hunger, and sleepiness, pain avoidance is an episodic drive.

On average, the heritability (h²) of individual variation in personality is between .50 to .75.

According to Paul Ekman, the basic emotions include surprise, happiness, sadness, anger, hatred, and fear.

The physical attraction a child has for the parent of the opposite sex (e.g., a boy's attraction to his mom) is called the Erogenous Fixation and it occurs during the phallic stage.

When we conform, a person bends to the requests of another who has little or no authority.

Evolutionary psychology shows that there are reliable gender differences in mate preference / selection.  Men tend to look for healthy, youthful, and beautiful mates because theses are signs of suitability for sexual reproduction.

Cory is from the state of West Virginia, a state heavily dependent on the coal industry.  He grew up watching his dad and uncle going down into the mines, seeing their skin permanently stained by the coal dust, and the constant smell of burning coal sickened him to his stomach. Although it is his family heritage, after college, he started working for an environmental group whose goal is to promote green energy.

His attitude against coal mining was probably formed through direct contact / personal experience.

When Jolene immigrated from rural Idaho to Taipei, Taiwan because of a job change, she experienced a lot of sleepless nights, hostility of her life circumstances, anxiety attacks, and sense of feeling alone. These are all possible “symptoms” of _____ .

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of responses that are triggered by stress?

Greg has had a frustrating day. First, he bumped his head when he woke up on the bed post. Then he realized that he was out of coffee. During breakfast, he spilled milk on his new rug. When he went out to his car, he saw that  birds had defecated on his new car windshield. After this last straw, he broke down and cried, then started jumping up and down in anger, then decided to call in sick and just ate a big tub of ice-cream in his bathtub.  

Which defense mechanism did Greg exhibit at the end of his frustrating morning?

Which of the following is the study of links among behavior, stress, disease, and the immune system?

Aversion therapy has been used to successfully treat all of the following EXCEPT _____ .

Despite their best efforts, psychotherapy usually do not work for the majority of clients and could be explained away by confirmation bias and the placebo effect.

Depression in humans is similar to learned helplessness observed in animal experiments.

A person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (e.g., like various renditions of The Joker in DC Comics) is characterized by lack of remorse, disregard for social conventions, callousness, and could impulsive and aggressive.

In which psychiatric disorder do the victims have occasional, unexpected anxiety attacks in which they believe that they are having a heart attack, are going insane, or are about to die?

According to cognitive therapists, which of the following underlies depression?

If a person suffering from schizophrenia has an identical twin*, on average, what is the approximate percent chance does the other twin have of also becoming schizophrenic?

Regarding the characteristics of psychosis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Deep brain stimulation requires surgery to implant electrodes and stimulate specific regions of the brain, as shown below. 

Psychotherapy differs in many dimensions. One of them being action oriented vs. insight oriented.

Persons who are made to feel helpless in one situation are more likely to act helpless in other situations if they _____ .

Jared is really having a hard time deciding between Tangy Blueberry vs. Manic Mango flavored ice-cream at the ice-cream truck.  What type of conflict is this an example of?

In the process of developing his G.A.S. theory, Hans Selye noticed that the body initially reacts the same way to a steamy romance, starting a new job, or having trouble at school as it does to which of the following?

The devastating effects of learned helplessness point out the importance of which of the following in defending against psychological problems?

Gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation describes the therapy technique known as _____.

A person is most likely to be prescribed medications such as Clozaril if he/she is diagnosed with _____.

A(n) _____________ is an intense, irrational fear.

Lobotomy is usually considered to be the most extreme medical intervention in psychiatry that is now rarely done. It was developed by Dr. Antonio Moniz, who later was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the procedure.

Deep brain stimulation requires surgery to implant electrodes and stimulate specific regions of the brain, as shown below. 

Symptoms like delusions and hallucinations are referred to as _____, because they are excesses or exaggerated versions of normal behavior.

Which type of disorders occur when people experience extremely upsetting events that are outside their ability to cope (e.g., a tornado)?

The use of drugs to treat mental illnesses is known as

Children who were exposed to psychological trauma or deviant communication patterns earlier in life have a higher risk of developing _____ later in life.

Beau lives in a family of smokers and his family has been tobacco farmers for generations.  However, his school counselor Mr. Smith has been trying to teach Beau to firmly but tactfully refuse the temptations / situations that may increase his risk of trying a cigarette. This is an example of _____.

Michael has extreme feelings of failure and worthlessness and believes he is the most horrible person on earth and deserves to die.  He has eaten little and rarely left his bed in the last several days.  Michael would be diagnosed with a _________________ disorder.

Positive symptoms in mental illnesses include _____.

Very low birthweight (VLBW) at birth is one type of biological factors that may increase the risk of future incidence of mental illness.

Behavior modification programs aimed at extinction of an undesirable behavior typically use physical punishment. 

In which of the following do individuals tend to be loud, elated, hyperactive, and may exhibit grandiose schemes and behavior, may get arrested, spend all of their savings, or get involved in pleasure binges of drinking, taking drugs, or promiscuous sex?

Dr. Alicia Diaz is using an objective method of defining abnormality. However, this method will not tell her about the meanings of the deviations she obtained; nor does it tell her where to draw the line between normal and abnormal. The method of defining abnormality that Dr. Diaz is using is _____ .

Women are 50 percent more likely to experience depression than men, with the main reason for this difference being _____ .

Katrina was offered two lucrative job opportunities with room for advancement in two financially strong company. She lives in Louisville, KY, but one of the jobs is in Seattle, WA, while the other is in Boston, MA.  She tried to resolve this conflict by staying at a hotel for 1 week in each city to get a "feel" for the place and its people. She is using the strategy of _____ to resolve her job opportunity conflict.

Which of the following is part of the DSM-5 category called bipolar and related disorders?

Healthy psychologists often work with providers in behavioral medicine to apply psychological principles in the management of medical problems.

_______________ therapy is directed at changing the maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feelings that underlie emotional and behavioral problems.

A specific condition or event (e.g., a house fire) that challenges or threatens a person is called hassle. 

These 4 characteristics - lacking remorse, cynicism, callousness, and lack of concern for morality - describe the Dark Triad trait of _____.

Some research have shown that people with _____ who also keep their feelings “pent up” are at greater risk of heart attacks. However, more recently, other findings have put this research in doubt.

In her sessions with her therapist, Joyce has experienced a relationship that she has rarely had in her life.  During her childhood, she grew up in a family that was very strict in all domains of life – behavior, grades, religious worship, and emotional control.  She was instructed not to show weakness and emotional display – especially negative ones – were very much taboo. 

With her therapist Dr. Chang however, Joyce have been able to cry, get angry, and be sad about her life, without judgment or retribution.  Her therapy sessions offer a(n) _____ that she has not experienced before.

Ben and Samantha are excellent paramedics who have saved many lives. In order to handle the extreme stress of their job, after work, they very often make humorous comments about their situations and at times act silly to relieve the stress. They are using which coping strategy?

Larry cheats on tests and assignments. When he sees that Lindsey got the highest score on the math exam, he is certain it is because Lindsay cheated. Larry is using the defense mechanism of _____.

_____ combines cognitive and behavioral therapies to maximize treatment effectiveness.

Exercise and progressive relaxation are important factors in stress management because they _____.

In newly published research from Sweden, as manic episodes increase over 9 years, the patients with bipolar disorder also experienced more cortical thinning and ventricle enlargement (see image below).