In Medieval times, religion reigned supreme. The church expected all people to focus on God and his teachings without question. The Humanistic approach of the Renaissance questioned everything, and often butted heads with the Roman Catholic Church. With the shift of literature being written in common languages, the scriptures were too. Northern Europeans began to study and call out corrupt Christian clergy in the Roman Catholic Church. A Dutch Priest, Desiderius Erasmus, wrote The Praise of Folly to discredit some church rituals and refocus on Jesus’s teachings. It was such claims and concerns of Northern Europe that eventually lead to the Reformation, an era of change in the Church. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 The purpose of this passage is to:

During the Italian Renaissance almost every trade operated in a guild. A guild was a corporation made of many independent tradespeople. Bankers, merchants, tailors, and even artists belonged to guilds. Guilds had very strict rules governing their business practices and set up training programs for new members, who often entered the guild as apprentices, hoping to work their way up to “master” of the trade. In 1293 the Guild of Doctors, Apothecaries, and Grocers was established in Florence, Italy. The three trades operated in the marketplace, like many other merchants, offering their goods and services to consumers in their neighborhoods. Patients walked into apothecary stalls, where trained physicians and druggists would make medicines customized to the patient’s specific condition. Druggists also sold spices, sugar, wine, ink and paper, as well as grocery items. Because they were a large, organized group, they held political and economic power and could set and maintain prices for specific services and medicines. According to the text, the medical profession was treated like a:

During the Italian Renaissance almost every trade operated in a guild. A guild was a corporation made of many independent tradespeople. Bankers, merchants, tailors, and even artists belonged to guilds. Guilds had very strict rules governing their business practices and set up training programs for new members, who often entered the guild as apprentices, hoping to work their way up to “master” of the trade. In 1293 the Guild of Doctors, Apothecaries, and Grocers was established in Florence, Italy. The three trades operated in the marketplace, like many other merchants, offering their goods and services to consumers in their neighborhoods. Patients walked into apothecary stalls, where trained physicians and druggists would make medicines customized to the patient’s specific condition. Druggists also sold spices, sugar, wine, ink and paper, as well as grocery items. Because they were a large, organized group, they held political and economic power and could set and maintain prices for specific services and medicines. Based on the passage, you can infer that the druggist profession relied upon:

Where medieval art was two-dimensional and told mythical and spiritual stories, artists of the Renaissance learned perspective techniques such as shadowing and diverse subject size to create three-dimensional images. Additionally, the human body was scrutinized and art mediums from paintings to sculpture began to take into account the shape and tone of them. Everyday objects and religious based murals were created in their raw, natural form. Oil-based paints, linseed oil combined with color pigments, were also discovered. The well-known Italian artist Michelangelo is known for the paintings done on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with oil paints. He also penned poetry, drew plans for buildings, and carved sculptures. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Which of the following details best supports the topic sentence, “There are many differences between Medieval and Renaissance artwork”?

Where medieval art was two-dimensional and told mythical and spiritual stories, artists of the Renaissance learned perspective techniques such as shadowing and diverse subject size to create three-dimensional images. Additionally, the human body was scrutinized and art mediums from paintings to sculpture began to take into account the shape and tone of them. Everyday objects and religious based murals were created in their raw, natural form. Oil-based paints, linseed oil combined with color pigments, were also discovered. The well-known Italian artist Michelangelo is known for the paintings done on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with oil paints. He also penned poetry, drew plans for buildings, and carved sculptures. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Which of the following details best supports the idea that Michelangelo was a man of many talents?

25. Which image best supports the sentence, “Because people were largely uneducated artwork was more simple, flat, and two-dimensional”?

26. Which image best supports the sentence, “Renaissance artwork is characterized by 3-D perspectives, attention to small details, and idyllic beauty”?

Classical period artwork comes from the height of Roman Empire and Greek culture. This period lasted for roughly 1000 years. During the Classical period, art and architecture were important elements of society. Art was created to show important leaders, or tell stories about different gods or goddesses. The Medieval period followed the Classical period. Most people were more concerned with survival and religion than art. Because people were largely uneducated artwork was more simple, flat, and two-dimensional. Art patrons were mostly church leaders, so most medieval art is religious. The Renaissance marked a change in European artwork. This time period is considered a rebirth of Classical thought and style. Artwork of this era reflects the importance of curiosity and detail. Artists studied what the ancient Romans and Greeks did. They often copied their style, while experimenting with new techniques and subjects. Renaissance artwork is characterized by 3-D perspectives, attention to small details, and idyllic beauty. Source- Instructomania, Italian Renaissance Historical Snapshot, 2017 Which of the following topic sentences is best supported by the information in the passage?

Select the commentary sentence that best describes the map:

The map best supports which of the following sentences?

The map best supports which of the following sentences?

Which source(s) best supports the idea that people living during the plague considered the disease to be an act of God?

Which passage best supports the topic sentence, “While the plague devastated large portions of the population, certain groups of people directly benefited from the high mortality rates.”

Which source(s) best supports the idea that people living during the plague were misinformed about the ways to prevent and cure the disease?

Which of the sources most likely influenced the 8th amendment to the U.S. Constitution: “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

These are all reasons for exploration except

What does the word circumnavigate mean?

This device used the stars to help explores navigate the seas

Improvements in these helped explores to have better understanding of the world

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain sought to gain wealth and spread this religion

All of these countries commissioned explorers except

As a consequence of exploration by Spain most people of Mexico are Christian and speak which language?

This disease was responsible for killing most of the Native American populations

The friction between Catholics and Protestants created tinder for war. In France, the French Protestants were known as Huguenots and they had to battle for their religious rights. Protestant English King Henry IV also negotiated the Edict of Nantes to grant religious freedom to Huguenots. In 1618 the Holy Roman Emperor tried to convert all his subjects to Catholicism, which caused Protestants to throw a Catholic priest from a window in Prague. This single rebellious act initiated the 30 Years’ War, a series of battles that went beyond religious issues. Trade rights, political rivalries, and land were all fought over. Finally, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed in 1648. In addition to war, Reformation influenced the structure of town governments, as church congregations made their own laws. National rulers allowed them to share in political control. This separation of power laid the foundation for Federalism. Source- Instructomania, Historical Snapshot Google Interactive Church Reformation, 2017 Which of the following details best supports the idea that the rise of Protestantism also created a spirit conflict over many issues in Europe?

Which theses best support the idea that people should be forgiven for sins before they die, not after?

Based on the information from the map, you can conclude that the Anglican religion was:

Based on information from Source A, which of the statements is the best explanation for the Calvinist belief in predestination?

Which of the following is a similarity between Calvinism and Lutheranism?

Rain-water must not be employed in cooking, and everyone should guard against exposure to wet weather. If it rain, a little fine treacle should be taken after dinner... Good clear wine should be selected and drunk often, but in small quantities, by day. Olive oil as an article of food is fatal. Equally injurious are fasting and excessive abstemiousness (refraining from eating), anxiety of mind, anger, and immoderate drinking. Young people, in autumn especially, must abstain from all these things if they do not wish to run a risk of dying of dysentery. In order to keep the body properly open, an enema, or some other simple means, should be employed when necessary. Bathing is injurious...Everyone should impress this on his recollection, but especially those who reside on the coast, or upon an island into which the noxious wind has penetrated. From the passage, you can infer that Medieval doctors were:

Rain-water must not be employed in cooking, and everyone should guard against exposure to wet weather. If it rain, a little fine treacle should be taken after dinner... Good clear wine should be selected and drunk often, but in small quantities, by day. Olive oil as an article of food is fatal. Equally injurious are fasting and excessive abstemiousness (refraining from eating), anxiety of mind, anger, and immoderate drinking. Young people, in autumn especially, must abstain from all these things if they do not wish to run a risk of dying of dysentery. In order to keep the body properly open, an enema, or some other simple means, should be employed when necessary. Bathing is injurious...Everyone should impress this on his recollection, but especially those who reside on the coast, or upon an island into which the noxious wind has penetrated. According to the passage, people should do all of the following, except:

Rain-water must not be employed in cooking, and everyone should guard against exposure to wet weather. If it rain, a little fine treacle should be taken after dinner... Good clear wine should be selected and drunk often, but in small quantities, by day. Olive oil as an article of food is fatal. Equally injurious are fasting and excessive abstemiousness (refraining from eating), anxiety of mind, anger, and immoderate drinking. Young people, in autumn especially, must abstain from all these things if they do not wish to run a risk of dying of dysentery. In order to keep the body properly open, an enema, or some other simple means, should be employed when necessary. Bathing is injurious...Everyone should impress this on his recollection, but especially those who reside on the coast, or upon an island into which the noxious wind has penetrated. The purpose of this passage is to: