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Earth Science Merged Grade 8

Total questions: 189

Worksheet time: 4hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The jet stream usually stays too far north to affect Florida’s weather. What is the jet stream?

a)

The spinning of the air in the same direction as Earth’s rotation

b)

The spinning of the air in the opposite direction of Earth’s rotation

c)

The movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

d)

A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper region of the atmosphere

2.
What causes wind?
a)
convection currents
b)
conduction currents
c)
radiation currents
d)
tropical currents
3.

What impact does the Gulf Stream have on the climate of the east coast of the US?

a)

The cold water from the Gulf Stream current cools the land.

b)

The warm water from the Gulf Stream current warms the land.

c)

The cold water from the Gulf Stream current decreases inland wind speeds.

d)

The warm water from the Gulf Stream current increases inland wind speeds.

4.
Where does the initial source of energy come from that creates winds?
a)
the moon
b)
the sun
c)
the Earth's surface
d)
the rotation of the Earth
5.
Wind is caused mainly by air pressure differences that result from...
a)
a. uneven heating of the Earth's atmosphere.
b)
b. absorption of ultraviolet radiation by Earth's land masses.
c)
c. radiation of heat from Earth's land masses to water bodies.
d)
d. rotation of Earth on its axis.
6.

What causes wind?

a)

differences in air pressure & temperature

b)

differences in gravity

c)

difference in oxygen

d)

differences in the thermosphere

7.

The movement of deep, cold, nutrient filled water to the surface of the ocean is..

a)

Ocean Current

b)

Upwelling

c)

Deep Currents

d)

Surface Currents

8.
Surface currents are mainly caused by
a)
The Coriolis Effect
b)
Cold and Warm Water
c)
Convection
d)
Wind
9.
Regular movements of water far below the oceans surface are called
a)
Warm Currents
b)
Deep Currents
c)
Shallow Currents
d)
Surface Currents
10.
Ocean currents move energy in the form of
a)
Salt
b)
Water
c)
Heat
d)
Oxygen
11.

The jet stream blows West to East

a)

True

b)

False

12.

Deep ocean currents are caused by…?

a)

Differences in salinity

b)

Differences in temperature

c)

Differences in temperature and salinity

d)

None of these

13.

How is heat transferred around the Earth’s oceans?

a)

Cold ocean currents push warm water away from the poles

b)

Warm ocean water, heated by the sun, moves away from the equator to the poles

c)

Wind pushes warm ocean currents around, but have no effect on cold currents

14.

Rain, snow, and sleet are all examples of…

a)

Precipitation

b)

Condensation

c)

Transpiration

d)

Evaporation

15.

How do Sea breezes affect cities on the coast?

a)

They bring in warm air that increases the temperature in the city

b)

They bring in cool air that decreases the temperature in the city

16.

In what layer of the atmosphere do all weather events occur?

a)

Stratosphere

b)

Exosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Troposphere

17.

Why is the ozone layer vital to life on Earth?

a)

Planes fly in the ozone layer

b)

It is made up of oxygen (O2)

c)

It shields the Earth from ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun

d)

It causes clouds to be created

18.

In which layer of the atmosphere do meteors burn up?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Mesosphere

c)

Thermosphere

d)

Exosphere

19.

What is the order of the layers of the atmosphere, starting with the layer closest to Earth's surface?

a)

Stratosphere, Troposphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

b)

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

c)

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere, Thermosphere

d)

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere

20.

Which explanation correctly describes the greenhouse effect?

a)

The process of the atmosphere keeping the Earth's surface dense

b)

The process of the atmosphere trapping the sun's radiation, and making the Earth warm

c)

The process of the atmosphere keep us from floating into space

d)

The process of the atmosphere reflecting all of the Sun's heat back into space

21.
Where is the ozone layer, which absorbs UV radiation, located in our atmosphere?
a)
stratosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
troposphere
22.
Space shuttles and International Space Station orbit in the...
a)
stratosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
mesosphere
23.

Which area has the most precipitation?

a)

The north pole, because the temperature is colder there is more snow

b)

The equator, because warmer temperatures cause more evaporation, leading to more clouds and rain

c)

The south pole, because colder temperatures cause more evaporation, leading to more snow

d)

The equator, because global winds push rain south

24.

Which of these statements is true about climate and ocean currents

a)

San Diego has a warmer climate because it is near the warm California current

b)

Charlotte has a warmer climate because it is closer to the jet stream

c)

Charlotte has a warmer climate because it is near the warm Gulf Stream current

d)

San Diego has a colder climate because it is near the jet stream

25.
Letter C is?
a)
precipitation
b)
transpiration
c)
condensation
d)
accumulation
26.

A narrow band of fast moving winds high in the atmosphere that move from west to east

a)

Jet Stream

b)

doldrums

c)

equator

d)

polar easterlies

27.

What will most likely result when the jet stream moves south of North

Carolina?

a)

North Carolina will experience tropical weather conditions.

b)

North Carolina will experience hot, dry weather.

c)

North Carolina will experience mild weather.

d)

North Carolina will experience cold weather.

28.

Ocean Currents play a role in determining climate.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Cool air will stay south of the jet stream and the warm air will stay north of the jet stream.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

What kind of weather would you expect at the place marked "X" on the weather map?

a)

warm and wet

b)

cold and wet

c)

cold and sunny

d)

cold and clear

31.
A ______ is a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying large slabs of continental and oceanic crust.
a)
wedge
b)
plate
c)
chunk
d)
fault
32.
A break in Earth's crust along which rocks move is called a ________.
a)
plate
b)
rift
c)
fault
d)
breach
33.
_________ are vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
a)
Seismic Waves
b)
Rumbles
c)
Plate Tectonics
d)
Convection Currents
34.
What is the name of the single landmass that began to break apart 200 million years ago?
a)
Panthalassa
b)
Laurasia
c)
Gondwanna
d)
Pangaea
35.
The movement of fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another is _____________.
a)
Convection current
b)
Seismic waves
c)
Sea-floor spreading
d)
Conduction current
36.
The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor is called ___________.
a)
Divergent boundary
b)
Sea-floor spreading
c)
Convergent boundary
d)
Renovating 
37.
What is an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced?
a)
Rift valley
b)
Deep-ocean trench
c)
Mid-ocean ridge
d)
Transform bounda
38.
A __________ is a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle.
a)
deep-ocean trench
b)
rift valley
c)
sea-floor spreading
d)
mid-ocean ridge
39.
What is the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary?
a)
Subduction
b)
Induction
c)
Abduction 
d)
Reduction
40.
_____________ is a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
a)
Convergent boundary
b)
Transform boundary
c)
Divergent boundary
d)
Insurgent boundary
41.
_____________ is when two plates move toward each other.
a)
Convergent boundary
b)
Allegiant boundary
c)
Transform boundary
d)
Sliding boundary
42.
A _____________ is when two plates move past each other in opposite directions.
a)
emergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
convergent boundary
43.
A _________ is a valley that forms where two plates move apart.
a)
Fissure
b)
Rift valley
c)
Sea-floor spreading
d)
Fault
44.
___________ is the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
a)
Seismic waves
b)
Convection current
c)
Divergent boundary
d)
Plate tectonics
45.

Who came up with the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

Alfred Wegener

b)

Alfred Wilson

c)

Mrs. McCalvin

d)

Addison Wegener

46.

Which is NOT a piece of evidence used to support the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

The study of fossils

b)

The shape of continents

c)

The pattern of rocks

d)

The native language

47.

At which plate boundary is new crust formed?

a)

divergent

b)

continental

c)

convergent

d)

transform

48.

What type of crusts are involved with one plate subducting beneath another?

a)

continental and continental

b)

oceanic and divergent

c)

Oceanic and continental

d)

continental and convergent

49.

What types of landforms are formed at convergent boundaries?

PICK TWO

a)

volcanoes

b)

Trenches

c)

new crust

d)

rift valley

50.

The earth's plates, rigid slabs of rock, are part of the ___ .

a)

asthenosphere

b)

mantle

c)

lithosphere

d)

granitic rock

51.
What is magma?
a)
Melted rock from inside the Earth
b)
very hot, boiling water
c)
hardened rock near volanoes
d)
rivers that are full of pollutions
52.
How do intrusive igneous rocks form?
a)
by magma boiling deep below Earth's surface
b)
by magma exploding from Earth
c)
by magma cooling quickly on Earth's surface
d)
by magma cooling slowly inside the Earth
53.
What characteristic makes granite a type of intrusive rock?
a)
hard surface
b)
layered stripes
c)
glassy surface
d)
large crystals
54.
When lava explodes from a volcano and cools and hardens quickly, what kind of rock does it form?
a)
expensive
b)
extrusive
c)
experienced
d)
exegetical
55.
Which is the most common igneous rock in the solar system?
a)
dolerite
b)
granite
c)
basalt
d)
obsidian
56.
What happens when magma cools slowly?
a)
it forms big crystals
b)
it forms salt
c)
it can explode again
d)
it forms small crystals
57.
How does magma form rocks, such as obsidian, that look smooth and glassy?
a)
by cooling very slowly
b)
by staying below Earth's surface
c)
by cooing very quickly
d)
by hardening under water
58.

A body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.

a)

aquifer

b)

river

c)

stream

d)

bedrock

59.

The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

crysosphere

d)

geosphere

60.

The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms.

a)

lithosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

61.

Process of breaking down rock.

a)

erosion

b)

freezing

c)

cracking

d)

weathering

62.

Process of moving sediment from one place to another.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

transportation

d)

deposition

63.

The part of the earth's surface characterized by the presence of frozen water.

a)

geosphere

b)

hydropshere

c)

biosphere

d)

cryosphere

64.

Wetlands that form as rivers empty their water and sediment into another body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

a)

delta

b)

dune

c)

sinkhole

d)

glacier

65.

Process of accumulating sediment after it has been moved.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

transportation

d)

deposition

66.

A mound or ridge of sand or other loose sediment formed by the wind, especially on the sea coast or in a desert.

a)

delta

b)

dune

c)

wetland

d)

bluffs

67.

The parts of our planet that are solid (like the mantle and crust).

a)

geosphere

b)

cryosphere

c)

hydrosphere

d)

atmosphere

68.

All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

a)

geosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

atmosphere

69.

A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

a)

dune

b)

delta

c)

landform

d)

glacier

70.

A natural feature of the earth's surface.

a)

landform

b)

system

c)

landmark

d)

city

71.

A set of things working together as parts of a whole.

a)

community

b)

network

c)

system

d)

group

72.

The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

a)

climate

b)

weather

c)

forecast

d)

humidity

73.

The conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

a)

weather

b)

climate

c)

forecast

d)

humidity

74.

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.

a)

precipitation

b)

condensation

c)

evaporation

d)

accumulation

75.

Water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

a)

condensation

b)

precipitation

c)

accumulation

d)

evaporation

76.

A narrow variable band of very strong, usually westerly, air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth.

a)

front

b)

jet stream

c)

air mass

d)

atmosphere

77.

The brittle, rocky outer layer of Earth.

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

78.

An area of Earth's crust that has an extended break in it.

a)

hotspot

b)

earthquake

c)

plate

d)

fault

79.

A type of rock formed from cooling magma or lava.

a)

sediment

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

metamorphic rock

80.

Molten rock that is present on Earth's surface.

a)

magma

b)

lava

c)

igneous

d)

metamorphic

81.

Molten rock that is present under Earth's surface.

a)

magma

b)

lava

c)

igneous

d)

metamorphic

82.

Rocks formed by extreme high temperatures and pressure without melting.

a)

sediment

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

metamorphic rock

83.

Theory that Earth's surface is broken into large, rigid pieces that move with respect to each other.

a)

plate tectonics

b)

continental drift

c)

pangea

d)

earthquakes

84.

A type of rock formed through lithification of other pieces of rocks and minerals.

a)

sediment

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

metamorphic rock

85.

Rigid parts of Earth's surface that are broken into pieces and move because of convection currents in Earth's mantle.

a)

tectonic plates

b)

plate tectonics

c)

continents

d)

rocks

86.

Natural disaster involving water that results from plate movement in oceans.

a)

earthquake

b)

tsunami

c)

hurricane

d)

volcano

87.

The plastic layer of the mantle that tectonic plates "float" on.

a)

asthenosphere

b)

upper mantle

c)

lower mantle

d)

lithosphere

88.

Tectonic plates colliding.

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

d)

ridge

89.

Tectonic plates moving away from each other.

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

d)

ridge

90.

Tectonic plates sliding past each other.

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

d)

ridge

91.

This layer of Earth's rotation generates our magnetic field.

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

92.

The only liquid layer of Earth.

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

93.

Earthquakes, mid ocean ridges, volcanoes, tsunamis, and fault zones are all results of:

a)

tectonic plate movement

b)

weather

c)

human impact

d)

gravity

94.

Dating rock formations using radioactive isotopes in fossils or other remains.

a)

absolute dating

b)

relative dating

c)

law of superposition

d)

radioactive decay

95.

Dating a rock formation by comparing it to the layers around it.

a)

absolute dating

b)

relative dating

c)

carbon dating

d)

radioactive dating

96.

The principle that relative dating is based on.

a)

law of superposition

b)

radioactive decay

c)

absolute dating

d)

fossils

97.

Remains of organisms that lived for a short period of time and were wide spread.

a)

mold fossils

b)

cast fossils

c)

index fossils

d)

amber fossils

98.

Age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks, such as "this rock is older than the rest in the area".

a)

Absolute Age

b)

Law of Superposition

c)

Relative Age

d)

Unconformity

99.

the number of years that have passed since the rock was formed, such as, "this basalt layer is 1000 years old +/- 20 years".

a)

absolute age

b)

law of superposition

c)

relative age

d)

unconformity

100.

In undisturbed horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, the oldest rocks are found at the bottom. Each higher layer is younger than the layer(s) below it.

a)

absolute age

b)

law of superposition

c)

relative age

d)

unconformity

101.

A gap in the geologic record due to erosion. Where new rock layers meet a much older rock surface beneath them.

a)

absolute age

b)

law of superposition

c)

relative age

d)

unconformity

102.

Lava that hardens on the Earth's surface, forming igneous rock is an example of:

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

103.

Magma pushes into rock layers below the surface of the earth where it cools and hardens into igneous rock.

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

104.

Always younger than the rock layers that it cuts through, this break in Earth's crust is caused by forces acting on the rocks on either side.

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

105.

Widely distributed and representing an organism that existed for a geologically short period of time, they are useful in finding relative age of rocks they are found in.

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

106.

The breakdown of radioactive elements over time, where the atoms of one element break down to form atoms of another element.

a)

half-life

b)

law of superposition

c)

radioactive decay

d)

relative age

107.

The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay. This rate never changes.

a)

half-life

b)

law of superposition

c)

radioactive decay

d)

relative age

108.

A record of the geological events and the evolution of life on Earth, as seen by fossil record is:

a)

era

b)

geologic time scale

c)

period

d)

time line

109.

The Geologic Time Scale is divided into large amounts of time which are identified by changes in life and condition of earth, named: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. These are called:

a)

eras

b)

periods

c)

time scales

d)

history

110.

Geologic time begins with:

a)

Cenozoic Era

b)

Mesozoic Era

c)

Paleozoic Era

d)

Precambrian Time

111.

What do scientists believe pulled the dust, rock, and ice in space together to form our planet?

a)

energy from the sun

b)

gravity

c)

magnetic force

d)

velocity

112.

Why do geologists use the geologic time scale to show Earth's history?

a)

because the size of Earth is so great

b)

because the time span of Earth's past is so great

c)

because the size of Earth is so small

d)

because the time span of Earth's past is so small

113.

Index fossils are useful when identifying the relative age of rock because they are:

a)

widespread & have a relatively short lifespan

b)

widespread and they have a relatively long lifespan

c)

occur in a small area and have a relatively short lifespan

d)

occur in a small area and have a relatively long lifespan

114.

Which of the following best describes weather?

a)

day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

b)

long-term conditions (months/years) of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

115.

Which of the following best describes climate?

a)

day to day conditions of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

b)

long-term conditions (months/years) of the atmosphere at a place in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

116.
It is raining.
a)
weather
b)
climate
117.
The high temperature today will be near 75 C.
a)
weather
b)
climate
118.
The average winter temperature is 45 C.
a)
weather
b)
climate
119.

It is raining outside right now.

a)

weather

b)

climate

120.

Over the last decade we have had an increase in the amount of rain in our area.

a)

weather

b)

climate

121.

The high temperature today will be near 75 degrees F.

a)

weather

b)

climate

122.

The average winter temperature is 30 degrees F.

a)

weather

b)

climate

123.

The meteorologist predicts that tomorrow, it will be very windy outside.

a)

Weather

b)

Climate

124.

Which of the following best describe the term 'climate'?

a)

the day to day changes in the atmosphere around us

b)

is taken over a long period of time

c)

precipitation

d)

is taken over a short period of time

125.
Which of the following best describe the term 'weather'?
a)
day to day changes in the atmosphere
b)
long-term pattern in the weather
c)
measured over many years
d)
wind and rain
126.

I hear Australia is warm all year round! Let's go to Australia for vacation!

a)

weather

b)

climate

127.

The temperature increased quickly overnight. I may need to get my summer clothes out.

a)

weather

b)

climate

128.

It rained 2 inches in Seattle, Washington on November 5th.

a)

weather

b)

climate

129.

Sandra visited her grandma in Florida over Thanksgiving. She noticed that they were selling bathing suits at the stores. Her grandma said they sell bathing suits all year because Florida is warm.

a)

climate

b)

weather

130.

Marco got a Christmas photo from his cousin in Hawaii. The family wore shorts, sandals, and Santa hats. Marco’s dad said that was normal clothing because the average temperature in Hawaii is 82 degrees Fahrenheit that time of the year.

a)

climate

b)

weather

131.

New York City had a record rainfall on Wednesday.

a)

weather

b)

climate

132.

Skies were mostly clear on January 3rd in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

a)

weather

b)

climate

133.

James grabbed a rain coat before catching the school bus. It was already cloudy and the TV news reported that there would be rain all day long in Columbus.

a)

weather

b)

climate

134.
A fossil is ____________.
a)
evidence of past life
b)
part of the fossil record
c)
found in sedimentary rock
d)
all of the above
135.
_______ fossils can provide information about how organisms moved, rested, burrowed, etc.
a)
Mold
b)
Cast
c)
Trace
d)
Replacement
136.
______ fossils are spaces in rock created by decayed and/or dissolved animal and plant remains.
a)
Mold
b)
Cast
c)
Trace
d)
Imprint
137.
The order of rock ________ help paleontologists tell how old a fossil is relative to another.
a)
strata
b)
molds
c)
types
d)
casts
138.
Fish evolved ________ dinosaurs.
a)
before
b)
after
c)
before and after
d)
in between
139.
Geologic processes such as _______ help expose fossils once buried.
a)
volcanic eruptions
b)
compaction
c)
blizzards
d)
earthquakes
140.
As time goes on, specimens in the fossil record become more _________.
a)
confusing
b)
common
c)
complex
d)
simple
141.
Tikaalik is a famous example of a _________ fossil.
a)
cast
b)
transitional
c)
mold
d)
imprint
142.
________ were believed to have once walked on land.
a)
Fish
b)
Whales
c)
Mammals
d)
Bacteria
143.
A ________ is a scientist who studies the fossil record to learn more about life on Earth.
a)
seismologist
b)
paleontologist
c)
biologist
d)
botanist
144.
A _______ is a solid, naturally formed substance that always has the same composition.
a)
rock
b)
carbon
c)
mineral
d)
water
145.
___________ rocks are formed when magma cools.
a)
Sedimentry
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Mineral
146.
When igneous rock breaks apart (weathers), it forms ___________.
a)
sedimentry rocks
b)
metamorphic rocks
c)
sediments
d)
crystals
147.
________ is an example of a metamorphic rock.
a)
Pumice
b)
Limestone
c)
Sandstone
d)
Marble
148.
One example of a sedmentary rock is ____________.
a)
pumice
b)
obsidian
c)
sandstone
d)
marble
149.
Salt crystals form when _______________.
a)
magma cools
b)
sandstone is heated
c)
sandstone weathers
d)
water evaporates
150.
Which of the following are formed from minerals mixed together?
a)
Sandstone
b)
Granite
c)
Marble
d)
All of the above
151.
A ___________ is where two tectonic plates meet and one gets pushed underneath the other.
a)
rift zone
b)
subduction zone
c)
transform fault
d)
rock layer
152.
The __________ describes the process by which rocks change forms.
a)
rock cycle
b)
water cycle
c)
igneous cycle
d)
metamorphic process
153.
________ are layers of sedimentary rock.
a)
Pumice
b)
Crystals
c)
Strata
d)
Magma
154.
Scientists use ______ dating to figure out the exact age of something.
a)
relative
b)
chemical
c)
absolute
d)
rock
155.
The geologic time scale represents Earth's ________ year history.
a)
2.5 million
b)
9 million
c)
1 billion
d)
4.6 billion
156.
Paleontologists study ______.
a)
fossils
b)
earthquakes
c)
plate tectonics
d)
glaciers
157.
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces is called _________.
a)
fossils
b)
weathering
c)
erosion
d)
intrusion
158.
Rock made from sediment compacted by the weight of sediment layers above are called __________ rock.
a)
intrusion
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
volcanoes
159.
Scientists use ______ to help figure out geologic time.
a)
earthquakes
b)
plate tectonics
c)
rock layers
d)
erosion
160.
When sediment is moved around by wind or water it is called ________.
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
relative
d)
fossils
161.
A ________ is a scientist that studies the composition of the Earth, including rock layers.
a)
biologist
b)
paleontologist
c)
chemist
d)
geologist
162.
________ are evidence of past life.
a)
Intrusions
b)
Fossils
c)
Meteorites
d)
Cells
163.
Dinosaurs lived in the ___________ era.
a)
Mesozoic
b)
Paleozoic
c)
Cenozoic
d)
Neozoic
164.

Scientists use radiometric dating (radioactive decay) to measure...

a)

relative time (dating)

b)

absolute time (dating)

c)

half-lives

d)

time of day

165.
How does absolute age differ from relative age?
a)
only absolute dating indicates which rock is older than another
b)
only absolute dating finds the age in years
c)
only relative dating finds the age in years
166.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
167.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
168.
Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the Law of Superposition?
a)
relative dating
b)
absolute dating
c)
radioactive dating
d)
radiometric dating
169.
Which of the following is the oldest?
a)
Layer L
b)
Intrusion D
c)
Intrusion H
d)
Layer E
170.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
171.

Layer B on side #1 (left) is a match to which layer on side #2 (right)?

a)

z

b)

y

c)

w

d)

there is no match

172.

Absolute age is defined as:

a)

The age of rock determined by radiometric dating.

b)

The age of rock based on living animals.

c)

The age of rock based on its location.

d)

The age of rock determined by relative dating.

173.
According to the law of __________, in horizontal sedimentary rock layers the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top. 
a)
Superposition
b)
Index Fossil
c)
Alfred Wegener
d)
Geologic Records
174.
The amount of time it takes for 50% of the remaining radioactive material to decay into stable material is called:
a)
radiocarbon dating
b)
radioactive decay
c)
half-life
d)
successive decay time
175.
By saying: "I am older than my sister," is an example of which type of dating used in Geology:
a)
Relative Age/Dating
b)
Absolute Age/Dating
c)
Chronological Sibling Timelies
d)
Fossil Age/Dating
176.
The age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks is the rock's
a)
absolute age
b)
geologic age
c)
sedimentary age
d)
relative age
177.

By saying "my dad is 48 and I am 13", it would be...

a)

relative dating (time)

b)

absolute dating (time)

c)

law of superposition

178.

igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface

a)

extrusive

b)

intrusive

c)

clastic

d)

biogenic

179.

igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath the surface of Earth

a)

extrusive

b)

intrusive

c)

clastic

d)

biogenic

180.

constantly broken apart by freezing and thawing, plant roots, acid, and other forces on rock

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

181.

the process by which running water, wind, or ice carry away bits of broken-up rock

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

182.

the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

183.

the process that presses sediments together

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

184.

the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

185.

a sedimentary rock formed when rock fragments are squeezed together

a)

clastic

b)

organic

c)

chemical

d)

extrusive

186.

a sedimentary rock formed where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in layers

a)

clastic

b)

organic

c)

intrusive

d)

extrusive

187.

a sedimentary rock formed when minerals dissolved in a water solution crystallize

a)

extrusive

b)

organic

c)

intrusive

d)

chemical

188.

metamorphic rock with thin, flat layers

a)

foliated

b)

nonfoliated

c)

intrusive

d)

extrusive

189.

metamorphic rock with mineral grains arranged randomly and not in layers

a)

foliated

b)

nonfoliated

c)

intrusive

d)

extrusive

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