The patient is in the erect position with the median sagittal plane parallel to the IR, the interpupillary line perpendicular to the IR and the central ray directed perpendicularly to the IR, entering the patient's head directed to a point between outer canthus & EAM.  This position demonstrates:

Which group of sinuses is shaded (screened) in the frontal and lateral views of the illustration below?

Which baseline was used in the original Caldwell position?

The Water's position is used primarily to demonstrate  which group of paranasal sinuses:

The Water's position utilizes which baseline?

If the O.M.L. line is less than 37^o to the plane of the IR when doing a parietoacanthial projection, the resultant image would show:

What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for noth food and air?

The objective of the  Water's position is to demonstrate:

The posteroanterior projection of the wrist is ulnar deviation demonstrates the:

1. Coronoid free of self superimposition

2. Pisiform free of superimposition

3. Scaphoid not foreshortened

4. Interspace between the carpals on the medial side of the wrist

For the axial projection of the nasal bones, which of the following localization lines must be perpendicular to the IR?

Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection with a 37-degree caudad CR angle?

Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones?

The Caldwell's position will demonstrate:

               1. pars petrosae through lower 1/3 of orbits

2. The petrosae filling the orbit

3.The occipital bone

         4.The frontal sinuses

The paranasal sinuses should routinely be radiographed with the patient in the:

Radiographic exams of the paranasal sinuses require:

               1. close collimation

               2. short scale contrast

               3. upright projections

               4. lower K.V. than skull

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR with a true lateral nasal bone projection?

To demonstrate ribs above the diaphragm:

Which of the facial bones forms the prominence of the cheeks?

Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?

The Parietal bone is best demonstrated in which of the following Projections/view or method.

The Nasal Septum is best demonstrated in which of the following projections/view or method.

A blowout fracture would be best demonstrated in which of the following projections/view or method.

Nasal bones are routinely (always) radiographed

How many bones make up the facial bone region?

The mastoid process is part of what bone?

A patient enters the ED with trauma to the bony thorax. The initial radiographs reveal that there are fractured ribs and a possible pneumothorax of the left thorax. The physician orders a chest study to confirm the pneumothorax; however, the patient cannot stand. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the pneumothorax?

Which one of the following technical considerations is most critical for demonstrating air and/or fluid levels within the cranium?

Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?

Which of the following project off the posterior, lateral border of the vertebral body?

What is the difference, in degrees, between the infraorbitomeatal and orbitomeatal lines?

All of the sinuses intercommunicate with each other and with the nasal cavity.

The submentovertical projection requires that the infraorbital meatal line (IOML) is placed perpendicular to the image receptor.

For lateral view of the C-Spine the CR is centered to:

1. C-4

2. The level of the mastoid tip

3. A point 2 inches above the manubrium

4. A point 1.5 inches below the EAM

Which of the following is NOT a correct evaluation criterion for the AP axial C-spine projection?

The RAO of the SI joint will demonstrate which of the following:

The LPO of the C-Spine will demonstrate which of the following:

What are the lateral projections on a typical vertebra called?

The eye of the "scotty dog" is formed by:

The front leg of the "scotty dog," is formed by:

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) because of a MVA. The patient is on a backboard and wearing a cervical collar. The technologist is concerned about the artifacts that the collar will project on the spine during the horizontal beam lateral projection. What should the technologist do in this situation?

To demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina in the posteroanterior oblique projection, besides rotating the patient, it is necessary to:

The medial malleolus is part of the

The cross-table lateral projection of the skull could :

               1.     Demonstrate fluid in the sphenoid sinus

               2.    Be beneficial in diagnosing a basal skull fracture

               3.     Demonstrate the parietal bone

               4.    Could be used to demonstrate the sella turcica

Which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process?

The projection for the Scaphoid requires that the CR be:

1. Perpendicular to the Scaphoid

2. angled 10 to 20 degrees toward the elbow

3. angled 5 to 10 degrees toward the elbow

4. angled 10 to 20 degrees medially

Which zygapophyseal joint is demonstrated with an LAO position of the lumbar spine?

How much central ray (CR) angulation (if any) should be used for an AP projection of the toes?

How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella?

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible transverse fracture of the patella. Which of the following routines would safely provide the best images of the patella?

What vertebra or segment is located at the level of the Xiphoid?

For the AP weight-bearing knee projection on an average patient, the CR should be:

When radiographing the sacro-iliac joints with the patient rotated from the prone position, the join being radiographed is:

A patient comes to radiology with an infection involving the sesamoid bones of the foot. Beyond the routine foot projections, which one of the following projections can be performed to best demonstrate these structures?

The oblique projections of the cervical vertebrae are taken primarily to demonstrate the:

A 3 to 5 degree caudad CR angle should be used for an AP knee projection for patients with thick thighs.

Which vertebra or segment is located at the level of the iliac crest?

A correctly positioned lateral ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus superimposed over the posterior half of the tibia.

Which of the following structures is not an aspect of the proximal femur?

In order to localize the long axis of the femoral neck

The reasons for using a long SID for a lateral projection of the cervical spine include:

1. To preserve the normal curvature of the cervical spine

2. To project the pedicles over the vertebral bodies

3. To decrease magnification and distortion

Why must the lower limbs be rotated to 15 to 20 degrees internally for AP pelvis projection (nontrauma)?

The two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are the:

What is one advantage of the lateromedial projection of the foot?

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed—one is slightly superior to the other. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the neck of the fibula without superimposition of the tibia?

Using the hip localization method, the femoral head can be located:

Gonadal shielding of the male patient for the AP pelvis projection requires that the top of the shield is not extended above the level of:

In the submentovertex position, the central ray is directed:

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) having sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patient's main complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to rule out fracture or dislocation?

A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete the study?

A study of prosthetic hip demonstrates that the end of the prosthesis is cut off on the AP projection, but the entire device demonstrated on the lateral projection. What should the technologist do next?

The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx.

Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well-positioned axiolateral (infersuperior) lateral hip.

If a patient has excessive external rotation of one foot, a fractured hip may be indicated.

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the C4-C5 zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine?

What type of CR angle is required for posterior oblique (LPO/ RPO) positions of the cervical spine?

In reference to the AP of the sacrum, which of the following is/are correct:

1. The CR is angled 15 degrees cephalad

2. Feces could obscure this projection of the sacrum

3. If the CR is not correctly angled, the sacrum will be superimposed on itself

4. The CR forms a 90 degree with the IR

For the posterior oblique projection of the SI joints the:

1. Patient is oblique 25 to 30 degrees

2. LPO will visualize the right joint

3. RPO will visualize the right joint

4. This exam requires that both sides be done

Which of the following is/are correct about the lateral of L-5 (Spot View):

1. This is a routine view of Lumbosacral-spine exams

2. CR is centered to a point 1.5 inches below the crest of the ilium

3. The lumbosacral junction is well demonstrated

4. The space between L-5 and S-1 should be well demonstrated

A lateral view of the Lumbar spine will demonstrate the ___ well

1. Intervertebral disk spaces

2. All spinous process

3. All the intervertebral foramina

4. Transverse processes

A good well positioned oblique view of the L-S spine is evidence by the demonstration of:

1. Scotty dog sign

2. Zygapophyseal articulations

3. Otivag sign

4. Intervertebral foramen

The spinous process is best demonstrated in the

The apophyseal joints of the lower six cervical vertebrae are at an angle to the midsagittal plane of:

The RAO of the cervical spine will demonstrate the:

1. the pedicles closest to the IR

2. the intervertebral foramina closest to the IR

3. the foramina adjacent to the IR

The goal of the Swimmers method is to have one shoulder higher than the other, just enough to prevent their superimposition on the vertebrae.

On a patient with a severe neck injury, which projection should always be taken first?

What SID should be used when radiographing an erect Lateral Cervical spine?

Which vertebra is/are located at the level of the jugular notch?

The dens will be visualized in the

The position in which zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine are best demonstrated is the

In the lateral lumbar position, if the spine not parallel to the IR, it will be necessary to

To prevent overlapping of the intervertebral disk spaces in the lateral projection of the lumbar vertebrae

For the lateral projection of the lumbar spine, center the IR at the level of

The intervertebral foramina are well demonstrated in which projection of the lumbar vertebraw?

For the frontal projection of the lumbar spine, center the IR at the level of the

To reduce the lumbar lordosis, with the patient in the anteroposterior position, for frontal projection of the lumbar spine, it is necessary to

The zygapophyseal joints are well demonstrated in which projection of the cervical vertebrae?

The intervertebral foramina are well demonstrated in which projection of the thoracic vertebrae?

When patient is in the recumbent position, to prevent overlapping of the intervertebral spaces in the lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae:

The routine lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae does not demonstrate:

What CR angulation is recommended for an AP projection of the knee on a patient with an ASIS to tabletop measurement of 18 cm?

In order to obliterate the rib shadows and vascular markings when examining the thoracic vertebrae in the lateral position:

1. use a short SID

2. utilize the breathing method

3. use a long SID

4. use the angulation method

For the anteroposterior projection of the thoracic vertebrae the central ray is directed to the level of:

If the patient is supine, the midsagittal plane and the orbitomeatal line are perpendicular to the plane of the IR, and the central ray directed at a 30^o caudad angle and is centered to the hairline ( 2.5 inches above Glabella).  The projection obtained is:

1. P.A. Hass

2. axial

3. Lateral

4. Verticosubmental

  5. Townes

To demonstrate the intervertebral disk spaces when radiographing the cervical spine in the anteroposterior projection:

To obtain an anteroposterior projection of the atlas and axis free of superimposition:

How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise porjection?

Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal or exaggerated ___ curvature.

Which position or projection of the cervical spine will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint spaces between C1 and C2?

The patient is prone with the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the table top, the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the plane of the IR and the central ray directed perpendicularly to the nasion.  This projection will demonstrate__________________ best.

         1.   Frontal bone                                              3.   Frontal Sinuses

         2.   Occipital bone                                           4.   Parietal bone

The position in which the intervertebral disk spaces of the cervical vertebrae are best demonstrated is the:

On average, how many separate bones make up the adult vertebral column?

For the axial projection of the clavicle the CR angle is determined by

A patient enters the ER in severe pain with a possible dislocation of the elbow. The patient has the elbow flexed more than 90 degrees. Which one of the following routines should be performed to confirm the diagnosis?

Which of the following projections of the elbow demonstrates the Olecranon process best?

Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear sulcus in profile?

Which carpal bone is found between the Scaphoid and the Triquetrum

Which of the following has/have a styloid process?

Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?

Which routine projection of the elbow demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?

For the PA projection of the index finger the CR is centered to:

Which of the following is used to control the amount of scatter radiation reaching the IR?

Which of the following radiographic factors is/are considered "quantitative":

1. mA

2. kVp

3. Time

4. mAs

When would it be safer to x-ray a female (child bearing age)

On the lateral view of the elbow the coronoid process is partially superimposed on:

When doing an internal rotation exam of the shoulder which of the following is/are correct?

1. The lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile

2. the greater tubercle is demonstrated in profile

3. the tubercle demonstrated in profile is projected on the scapula

4. The arm could be abducted a little

5. The coronal plane between the epicondyles is perpendicular to IR

Which of the following is correct about the axial projection of the shoulder?

1. This requires an inferior superior projection

2. The patient is supine

3. This is done when the humerus is fractured to rule out a dislocation

4. This exam is done to rule out a possible dislocation

The posteroanterior projection, Caldwell position, is used to demonstrate the:

Which of the following would indicate that an exact axial projection of the Clavicle was done?

1. Clavicle is projected above apex

2. The anterior part of the first rib is superimposed on the posterior part

3. Most of the clavicle is projected above the ribs and scapula

4. If you angle the tube 15 degrees you always get an exact axial view

Which of the following is correct when doing an x-ray exam of the AC joints?

Which of the following is correct for an AP projection of the scapula?

1. Rotate the body anteriorly

2. CR is angled toward the head

3. Abducted the arm to form a 45 degree angle with the body

4. The coronoid process is demonstrated

If the patient is in RAO position, which of the following is/are true of a radiographic examination of the scapula?

1. this would demonstrate a lateral view of the right scapula

2. this would demonstrate a lateral view of the left scapula

3. the CR would be directed to the vertebral border

4. the CR would be directed to the axillary border

A general positioning rule is to place the anatomical part of interest __ to the image receptor.

Which of the following structures is/are demonstrated in a transthoracic Humerus radiograph?

Select the answer which would utilize the following position:

Patient prone, left side elevated away from the table with the right anterior portion of the body in contact with the tabletop.

What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow?

In the lateral projection of the wrist, it is important to:

Another name for scaphoid is:

A patient is said to be in the Recumbent position when he/she is:

A radiograph of the inferosuperior axial projection of the shoulder will project the lesser tubercle:

The term extension, as used to describe the position of a joint to be radiographed, means that the joint is:

To show subluxation of the AC joints, which of the following views should be done:

A lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates about 1/3 of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna. Which of the following occured?

What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?

In order to obtain a proper lateral view of the humerus:

What position would the patient be in if he were facing the IR with the x-ray tube behind him, turned slightly, with his right shoulder against the IR?

If a patient is supine on the table with the IR against the patient's left side and the x-ray tube is horizontal and perpendicular to the IR.

On which view of the elbow is the coronoid process of the ulna projected free of superimposition?

A radiograph of an AP projection of the elbow reveals that there is complete separation of the proximal radius and ulna. What positing error has been committed?

In positioning the second finger for a lateral projection, in order to keep the distortion to a minimum the ___ surface must be nearest the IR.

A patient enters ER with a midshaft humeral fracture. The AP projection taken on the bed demonstrates another fracture near the surgical neck of the humerus. The patient is unable to stand or rotate the humerus due to the extent of trauma. What other projection should be take of the patient?

A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the mid-aspect of the fourth and fifth metacarpals are superimposed. Which error has been committed?

A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed?

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the mid-aspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct the error?

Which of the following carpals articulates with the radius?

The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the:

Which of the following structures is not part of the proximal Humerus?

The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the:

The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of:

Air or gas that escapes from the lungs into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as:

The CR for an AP supine, adult chest projection, should be centered:

For an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur?

Which type of body habitus typically requires that the IR be placed landscaped rather than portrait for a posteroanterior (PA) chest?

A well inspired healthy adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ___ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm.

Which of the following objects does NOT have to be removed or moved before a chest radiography?

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA?

Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid level in the chest?

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed?

Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart?

Of the following positing actions, which one will remove most of the scapulae from the lung fields?

For an average-size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest?

A patient is in the intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient cannot stand or sit erect due to age. Which position/projection would be best to rule out the pleural effusion.

Situs inversus is a condition in which:

Top of the IR placed approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) above the shoulders is a recommended centering technique for adult chest radiography.

Which of the following structures connects the anterior aspect of the ribs to the sternum?

Which ribs are considered to be true ribs?

What is RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position?

Which of the following statements is true about radiography of ribs located above the diaphragm?

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the left ribs?

What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic (thin chested) type of patient?

Which position can replace the RAO of the sternum if the patient cannot lie prone?

Which two projection must be taken for an injury to the left posterior lower ribs?

A radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that it is partially superimposed over the spine. What must be cone to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure?

Which of the following routines should be performed for a study of the second toe?

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the sternum reveals that the patient's ribs are superimposed over the sternum. What needs to be done to correct this problem during the repeat exposure?

Which term describes the small flap of cartilage covering the opening to the ear?

A young female patient from the ED is brought to radiology for a rib exam. She is able to sit up or stand for the procedure. She indicates that the region of pain is to the right anterior-to-mid axillary region. Which rib projection should be performed to minimize the effective dose to this patient?

Gonadal shielding should be used on both males and females of childbearing age for AP hip projections, if correctly placed.

The S.M.V. method could be used to demonstrate which of the following:

               1.     zygomatic arches

               2.     base of the skull

               3.     foramen magnum

               4.     profile view of sella turcica

A radiograph of an RAO projection of the ribs demonstrates the left axillary ribs are foreshortened, whereas the right side is elongated. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome?

It is a safe practice to decrease the SID to 30 inches (75 cm) for the oblique sternum projection.