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WorksheetsCardio Lecture 1-4
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 36mins
Which of the following is not part of the five-finger approach to cardiology
Patient History
Physical Exam
CT scan
ECG
What is the most common cause of medical error?
Failure to take proper history and perform physical exam
Ordering too many lab tests
Improper medical advice
Using a stethoscope incorrectly
A patient presents with ST elevation, pain on inspiration, and wants to sit up and lean forward. When you auscultate, where do you hear a pleural friction rub?
Atrial Relaxation
Atrial Contraction
Ventricular Contraction
Ventricular Relaxation
Which of the following is commonly associated with Marfan's syndrome?
Pericarditis
Coronary Heart Disease
Aortic Dissection
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Patient presents with normal EKG and a diastolic decrescendo that is louder along the left sternal border compared to the right. What is the diagnosis?
Coronary Heart Disease
Pericarditis
Mitral Regurgitation
Aortic Dissection
Which of the following can NOT be detected by the diaphragm of the stethoscope?
Aortic Regurgitation
Low Frequency Sounds
Friction Rub
Mitral Regurgitation
A patient presents with a "lub-huh-dub" sound in the mitral area. What is the diagnosis?
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitation
Pericarditis
Normal
What is a "click" sound on auscultation representative of?
Aortic Valve Prolapse
Tricuspid Valve Prolapse
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Pulmonic Valve Prolapse
What is the most common cause of sudden death in young athletes?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Pericarditis
CHF
Which of the following is also known as the 3rd space in fluid compartments?
Interstitial
Plasma
Extracellular
Intracellular
Which of the following is NOT associated with edema?
Congestive Heart Failure
Liver Disease
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephritic Syndrome
Which of the following can lead to edema?
Increased renal blood flow
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased plasma albumin
Decreased blood volume
Periorbital edema is commonly associated with which type of edema?
Renal
Cardiac
Cerebral
Pulmonary
Which of the following factors is part of the extrinsic pathway?
Factor 8
Factor 9
Factor 10
Factor 11
Platelet adherence is mediated by
IL-1
t-PA
TNF
von Willebrand factor
Which of the following results in sepsis?
IL-2
IL-1
TNF
Bacterial endotoxins
von Willebrand factor is released during
Vascular Injury
Arteriolar vasoconstriction
Subendothelial ECM exposed
Platelet adherence and activation
Which of the following are Vitamin K dependent factors?
Factor 2
Factor 7
Factor 9
Factor 10
Which is an antagonist for Vitamin K?
Calcium
Coumadin
Glutamic acid
Protein C
Which of the following inhibits thrombosis?
Antithrombin III
Thromboxane
Protein S
Protein C
Plasmin produces
Fibrin
Fibrin split products
Thrombin
t-PA
Which of the following is NOT part of Virchow's triad?
Endothelial injury
Abnormal blood flow
Thrombosis
Hyper-coagulability
Which of the following is an example of endothelial injury?
Exposure of the subendothelial ECM
Aneurysms
Heart failure
Increased homocysteine
Which of the following is associated with hyper-coagulability of blood?
Vascular obstruction
Hypertension
Factor V (Leiden) mutation
Endothelial cell dysfunction
Which of the following is NOT associated with DIC?
Bleeding catastrophe
Widespread fibrin thrombi in microcirculation
Widespread macrovascular thrombosis
Platelet and coagulation protein consumption
What is seen on a blood smear in a patient with DIC?
Schistocytes
Maltese Cross
Rouleaux Formation
Multinucleated giant cells
Venous thrombosis is associated with
Abnormal blood flow
Endothelial injury
Hypercoaguable states
Which of the following is NOT a cause of emboli of arterial origin?
Left ventricular wall infarcts
Left atrial dilation and fibrillation
Ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques
Silicone
Red infarcts are common in tissues with (a) circulations
White infarcts are more common in solid organs with (a) circulations
CO=
SV/BSA
MAP x HR
MAP x SV
SV x HR
A Swan-Ganz catheter is placed into the ___ for thermodilution.
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
LV
When is blood flow the greatest?
Single Vessel
All organs in parallel
Single organ with multiple parallel vessels
Parallel organ with multiple single vessels
CVP is measured as blood enters the
RA
RV
LA
LV
Capillaries have vascular smooth muscle.
True
False
Which of the following has more elastic material?
Larger arteries
Capillaries
Venule
Vein
Which of the following has the largest amount of vascular smooth muscle?
Venule
Capillary
Aorta
Precapillary sphincter
Why does pressure decrease across arterioles?
Low vascular resistance
High vascular resistance
Pressure does not decrease across arterioles
Which of the following has the highest pulse pressure?
RV
LV
RA
LA
Which of the following uses the most CO?
Brain
Heart
GI & Liver
Kidneys
What is the order of blood volume distribution from most->least?
Artery>Vein>Pulm
Pulm>Vein>Artery
Vein>Artery>Pulm
Vein>Pulm>Artery
Which is associated with systemic system?
High pressure, low resistance
Low pressure, high resistance
High pressure, high resistance
Low pressure, low resistance
Which is associated with pulmonary system?
High pressure, low resistance
Low pressure, high resistance
High pressure, high resistance
Low pressure, low resistance
Which of the following features is numerically similar in the systemic and pulmonary circulation
SBP
DBP
MBP
Total blood flow
Which of the following best describes conditions within a vascular bed of an organ?
All capillaries of the same type are effectively in parallel
All arterioles are in parallel with the capillaries they supply
The greatest pressure loss is attributable to the small lumen of the capillaries
All arterioles of the same type are effectively in series with each other
If all arterioles of an organ vasoconstrict then
Blood flow to the organ increases
Blood pressure in the organ's capillaries decreases
Total resistance of the organ decreases
Blood flow within arterioles increases
Ejection begins when
Mitral valve closes
Aortic valve opens
Aortic valve closes
Mitral valve opens
The first heart sound can be heard when
Mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
Mitral valve opens and closes
Aortic valve opens and closes
Aortic valve closes and mitral valve opens
The second heart sound can be heard when
Mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
Mitral valve opens and closes
Aortic valve opens and closes
Aortic valve closes and mitral valve opens
Draw the general PV loop shape
When is there a large oxygen demand?
Ejection
Isovolumic contraction
Relaxation
Which equation is the most clinically relevant and useful?
Area under the P-T curve
Tension Time Integral
Double product (MAP x HR)
Which of the following does NOT effect SV?
Vagus
Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Stress in myocardial wall with contraction is greater in
Endocardial
Epicardial
During contraction, blood vessels are compressed more toward the
Endocardial
Epicardial
Most of sub/endocardial blood flow occurs during
Systole
Diastole
Patients with MI or PVC typically have
Increased LVP
Increased ABP
Decreased SV
Increased SV
If >12 mmHg change in pressure during inspiration, then the patient has
Baroreceptor dysfunction
Closed glottis
Normal
Pulsus Paradoxus
A higher rate of valve closure results from
High arterial BP
Low arterial BP
High venous BP
Low venous BP
Which of the following is associated with a 4th heart sound
Stiff ventricle
RVH
LVH
Atrial gallop
MAP is measured as blood leaves the
RA
RV
LA
LV
MAP is measured as blood leaves the ___ before entering the lungs.
RA
RV
LA
LV
PAWP is a measure of
RAP
RVP
LAP
LVP
