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WorksheetsPsychology Final
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Physiology is:
normal physical activities
conscious level activities
research through long term methods
the study of behavior
Cognitive thinking is:
normal physical activities
conscious intellectual activities
the study of behavioral and mental processes
the ability to solve immediate problems
Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychology
acquire information
study
prescribe medicine
predict
What are psychologies that use principles to solve real and immediate problems?
physiological processes
cognitive processes
applied science
basic science
Who set up the first psychological lab in Europe in the 1880s?
Abraham Maslow
Wilhelm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
Noam Chomsky
The empirical sciences are mainly concerned with:
empirical science are not involved in psychology
science based knowledge and observation that uses historical patterns
science based knowledge and observation that uses math tools
science based knowledge and observation that uses predictions
What did the Greeks, such as Aristotle, mainly believe that humans were?
to serve under God
irrational
out of touch
rational
Dualism is the idea that the mind and body act separately from each other. Which thinker during the Enlightenment challenged this?
Galileo
Copernicus
Descartes
Aristotle
Gestalt Psychology focuses on:
the id, ego, and superego
psychoanalysis
individual part observation
whole pattern observations
Psychoanalysis takes a neutral approach to listen and interpret people's feelings. Who is the most famous psychoanalyst, also credited with the concepts of the id, ego, and superego?
Jacques Lucan
Sigmund Freud
Rene Descartes
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorists study observable behavior and how it affects the response to people. Which one of the following is an example of a behaviorist study?
Pavlov and the response of cats to bells
The Stanford Experiment
Aristotle and the reasoning between people
B.F. Skinner in relation to positive and negative reinforcement
What is the the study of changes that occur as an individual matures over time?
developmental psychology
structuralist psychology
behaviorist psychology
cognitive psychology
The ________ trimester is a crucial time of the development of an infant in the womb, including the beginning of the baby kicking.
second
first
third
fourth
One area of biological factors that can affect a baby when it's born can include:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
addiction to drugs, such as crack
lung issues due to smoking while pregnant
Down Syndrome
What is an infant’s response to cling to the touch on the palm of the hand?
motor function reflex
grasping reflex
rooting reflex
this is not a response of an infant
What is an infant’s response to turning to the source of a touch on the mouth?
causal reflex
grasping reflex
rooting reflex
this is not a response of an infant
The natural process, barring negative hindrances like lack of socialization, of development for an infant is called:
maturation
stimuli
schema
scaffolding
A key in infant development is to:
walk as early as possible
experience more visual stimuli than auditory
experience touch with the parent
experience more auditory than visual stimuli
How do children begin to learn words?
through internal verbiage practice
by reading as early as possible
by using auditory learning to produce words
by imitating the speech of others
Telegraphic speech is:
the saying of sentences with words left out but with clear meaning
full sentences developed through the toddler years
one word responses to stimuli
the use of images to produce words in infants
Which hemisphere of the brain controls speech?
the right hemisphere
the left hemisphere
the front hemisphere
the back hemisphere
The idea of "nature vs. nurture" can be translated to all of the following EXCEPT:
hereditary vs. learned behavior
biological vs. environmental factors
internal vs. external choices
outside influence vs. inherited traits
A mental representation of the world is a:
schema
schedule
perception
pre-existing experience
_________ is the process of trying to absorb a new object into an existing schema.
paternalism
assimilation
accommodation
maternalism
_______ is the process of changing our schema to fit a new object or experience.
paternalism
assimilation
accommodation
maternalism
When an infant only understands the here and now and CANNOT imagine an object or imagine, that means that they lack:
emotional development
intelligence
regular cognition
object permanance
When an infant is using schemas that involve body and sensations, as well as developing object permanence that does not fully exist, it is the:
sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operations stage
formal operations stage
When the child begins to use mental images and symbols,
developing language, as well as gaining the egocentric viewpoint, they are entering the:
sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operations stage
formal operations stage
When the child develops logical schemas, but is limited to concrete objects
and begin learning viewpoints outside of their own, they are entering the:
sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operations stage
formal operations
When the child begins thinking and solving abstract problems and can begin to speculate on the future, they are entering the:
sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operations stage
formal operations stage
Lev Vygotsky helped develop the idea of scaffolding and _______, which is the idea of children learn from watching and working with others.
zone of proximal development
introspection
cognitive empathy
egocentrism
The style of parenting that sees parents as the bosses in the home and do not need to explain their reasons for decisions is:
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
uninvolved
The style of parenting in which children participate and negotiate in decisions that affect their lives, but parents can veto those decisions is:
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
uninvolved
The style of parenting in which children have the final say in decisions as parents attempt to guide, but children have the final say in decisions is called:
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
uninvolved
Parents who are uncommitted in their roles due to egocentric child rearing are engaging in which parental style?
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
uninvolved
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development said that all stages of life can be impactful, but that _______ experiences affected development the most.
childhood
infancy
adolesence
adulthood
What occurs anytime that a stimulus activates one of your receptors?
sensation
perception
psychophysics
sensory adaption
The organization of sensory information into meaningful experiences, such as an optical illusion may cause you to question truth, is called:
sensation
perception
psychophysics
signal-detection
An example of absolute threshold is
being able to hear a ticking clock about 20 feet away
gradually increasing light until a person can detect that it’s brighter
perceiving objects at difference sizes based upon distance
perceiving lines at the same length through an optical illusion
An example of difference threshold is:
hearing a clock ticking 20 feet away
gradually increasing light until a person can detect that it’s brighter
perceiving objects at different distances at different sizes
perceiving the length of lines based upon a starting point
An example of JND, or just noticeable difference, is
interrupting perception to the point where your brain cannot tell reality from fiction
gradually increasing light until a person can detect that it’s brighter
adding multiple lines to create an illusion to your perception
an addition of 3 lbs of books to an empty box vs. a 100 lbs box
Weber's Law states that:
the larger the stimulus, the larger the change required for the person to perceive the ratio change
the responsiveness of sense to changes to new events and changes in environments
the weakest amount of a stimulus required to produce sensation
the study of the relationship between the senses and the physical stimuli that causes them is vital to perception
Figure-ground perception involves the ability to distinguish a figure from its background. This can be describe as:
easily distinguishing 2-D figures, but not 3-D
not applying to hearing
easily distinguishing 3-D figures, but not 2-D
being able to hear many voices at the same time
The phenomenon of filling in the gaps in what our senses tell us is known as:
figure-ground perception
perceptual influence
depth perception
motion parallax
With motion parallax, when the apparent movement that occurs when you move your head from side to side, how will objects appear to move?
farther objects will appear to move closer than nearer objects
nearer objects will move faster than farther objects
farther objects will move faster than nearer objects
nearer objects will move the same as farther objects
Which of the following is an example of a psychological illusion when it comes to perception?
Gestalt Principles of illusion
Vance Packard Illusion
The Stroop Effect
Muller-Lyer Illusion
The learning procedure in which an old response to a stimulus becomes attached to a new stimulus is called:
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
social learning
post-modern conditioning
An event that elicits a certain predictable response without training is the
US
UR
CS
CR
An organism's automatic reaction to a stimulus is the
CS
CR
US
UR
The CS in classical conditioning is:
a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of a UR
an event that elicits a certain predictable response without training
an event that was once neutral that elicits a given response after a period of training when paired with a US
an event that was once neutral that elicits a given response after a period of training when paired with a CR
The CR in classical conditioning is:
a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of a UR
the learned reaction of the CS
an event that was once neutral that elicits a given response after a period of training when paired with a US
an event that elicits a certain predictable response without training
An example of generalization in Pavlov's experiment was:
the use of the meat powder to cause the dogs to salivate
the use of the tuning fork to elicit a response
Pavlov conditioning the dogs to salivate at seeing a circle, so an oval worked as well
Pavlov holding the dog in place with a harness like they would on a leash
When extinction occurs in classical conditioning, the CR has gradually dies out and is NOT
ever coming back
able to elicit a response again
completely unlearned
associated with the CS
Behaviorism focuses on
actions over thought
thought over actions
the relationship between the US and UR
discrimination over extinction
The biggest difference between operant and classical conditioning is that:
the stimuli are neutrally observed in operant
classical focuses on animal behavior while operant focuses on human behavior
the participant is willingly and voluntarily engaging and affected in operant
the participant is willingly and voluntarily engaging and affected in classical
Reinforcement is:
the stimulus or event that increases the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated
what satisfies the biological needs specifically, such as hunger
the method of making new responses out of old behaviors
the sequence of events that has responses happen in order with a signal at each, new step
Positive reinforcement:
happens as an unpleasant consequence to increase a behavior
is done to often repeat a behavior overtime
removes something undesirable after the action to encourage behavior
happens as an unpleasant consequence to decrease a behavior
Negative reinforcement:
happens as an unpleasant consequence to increase a behavior
happens as an unpleasant consequence to decrease a behavior
is done to often repeat a behavior overtime
removes something undesirable after the action to encourage behavior
An example of a primary reinforcer is
eating pizza to satisfy hunger
earning money so that you can buy bbq to satisfy want
earning higher grades to get praise from home
achieving a personal best on a new race for accolades
Which of the following is an example of shaping?
teaching a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell after smelling meat powder
taking old behaviors of a rat to teach it how to raise a flag pole
learning to take individual actions of the body to put together the ability to swim
the removal of a stone from your shoe to walk without pain
An example of escape conditioning is which of the following?
A child gags at the taste of liver, has it taken away, & the behavior is negatively reinforced; allows the child to escape the meal
The child gags at the liver being shown and gets a new meal cooked
The child uses his or her imagination to escape a traumatic issue in real life
A child gags at the taste of liver, has it taken away, & a new meal is cooked with positive reinforcement
Whether positive or negative, what is done to achieve a desired behavior when a punishment is used?
no change in the desired behavior is expected or wanted
a change in stimuli
an increase in behavior
a decrease in behavior
An example of learned helplessness is:
giving up studying after getting a D after multiple study attempts
giving up asking for the assistance of others on basic tasks
something that only affects people through adolescence but not adulthood
giving up after one attempt at learning how to ride a bike
Martin Seligman connects learned helplessness with what mental disorder?
Down syndrome
bi-polar disorder
schizophrenia
depression
Which of the following is NOT a type of modeling?
mimicry
disinhibition
mockery
imitation
One of, if not the most, important features of behavior modification is:
self-control
imitation
cognitive mapping
shaping
Which of the following is NOT part of the memory processes?
encoding
storage
chunking
retrieval
Encoding is:
the transforming of information that the nervous system processes
the process of how information is maintained overtime
information is brought to mind from storage
the process of grouping items to allow for easier storage and retrieval
When it comes to your senses, they are able to hold an input a fraction of a second before it disappears. This is called:
sensory function
sensory memory
chunking
maintenance rehearsal
When it comes to short-term memory, what is the best way to organize information?
chunking
maintenance rehearsal
semantic memory
episodic memory
Long-term memory has information stored into categories and features. It is also said to be potentially
in a very limited capicity
in groupings of up to 7 items
done in repetition
in a potential unlimited capacity
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus discover about studying?
that learning overtime is favorable to "cramming"
that learning is done through verbal cues over visual cues
that "cramming" is favorable to learning overtime
that learning is done through visual cues over verbal cues
What did William James say about short-term memory in his book The Principles of Psychology
that short-term memory is superior to long-term memory
that long-term memory is primary and vital to not overloading the brain
that long-term memory is superior to short-term memory
that short-term memory is primary and vital to not overloading the brain
What parts of the brain does memory NOT take place in?
hippocampus
frontal lobe
cortex
amygdala
What is an example of of a physiological change with age that can hinder memory?
imposter syndrome
dementia
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
Retrieving information that reconstructs previously learned material, also being weaker than recognition, is called:
recall
relearning
encoding
state-dependent learning
Which of the following is an example of flashbulb memory?
relating information from a previous word to a new concept
recognizing a piano as a piano from a song and associating it with a song you have heard or may not have heard before
recalling on hundreds of words and their meanings during an interview
Someone remembering details about the day of 9/11
Which of the following is an example of state-dependent learning?
poorly reconstructing the crime scene in a court room
being in Ohio while taking a state test
taking a test in a room different than the one you learn in
taking a test in a room that is the same as the one you learn in
When memories decay overtime due to interference, which ones remain longer?
all memories fade in the same manner
recent memories
short-term memories
older memories
Interference can block earlier or later memories, depending on the kind that it is. Freud states that trauma can block memory. What blocking is he referring to?
proactive
reactive
repression
eidetic
The idea of mnemonics, such as reorganizing letters or forming mental pictures to help memory, originally comes from the:
Greeks
Roman
Germans
French
Which of the following is NOT a basic unit of thought in psychology?
image
metacognition
symbols
rules
Which of the following is an example of a symbol?
studying Latin vocabulary from conjugation concepts to specific verbs
imagining a butterfly in your mind
studying Latin vocabulary from specific verbs to conjugation concepts
A flower representing the concept of life
Reasoning brings together learning experiences to reach a goal. Deductive reasoning is:
a bottom-up approach from specific to general
a top-down approach from specific to more general
a bottom-up approach from general to specific
a top-down approach from general to more specific
The process of thinking about thinking can be vital to improving problem solving and thinking. This is called:
deductive reasoning
metacognition
inductive reasoning
heuristics
The experimental or rule of thumb approach is:
functional fixedness
an algorithm
heuristics
a mental set
Having an "aha!" moment is an example of:
rigidity
recombination
insight
flexibility
Which of the following does NOT fall under the structure language according to psychology?
phonemes
morphemes
semantics
syntax
That smallest unit of sounds in human language, such as the letter sounds for "e" are:
phoneme
morpheme
syntax
semantics
The small unit of meaning in language, which is made up of two things such as "love" and "s" are"
phonemes
morphemes
syntax
semantics
Syntax is:
the smallest unit of meaning made up of one or more phonemes
the smallest unit of sounds in human language
the study of the meaning of morphemes, words, and sentences
the rules for combining words into phrases or sentences to express thought
The study of the meaning of morphemes, words, and sentences, such as words having multiple meanings, is:
syntax
semantics
morpheme
phoneme
When it comes to grammar, animals:
can only learn sign language
can learn to both communicate and learn grammatical rules
cannot learn to communicate but can understand grammatical rules
cannot learn grammatical rules but can communicate with humans
Benjamin Whorf argues that:
language is vital for short-term thought
language affects our perception of the world
language is a part of the collective unconsciousness
anthropological studies are not as important as hands on approaches
What is the id?
this seeks the pleasure principle for immediate gratification (instinct)
the rational part of the psyche, such as reasoning and perception, that acts as the go between of the id and superego
this is the conscious mind that represents morals and social norms
this is where the ego will use defense mechanisms to balance the id and superego
What is the ego?
this seeks the pleasure principle for immediate gratification (instinct)
this is the conscious mind that represents morals and social norms
the rational part of the psyche, such as reasoning and perception, that acts as the go between of the id and superego
this is where the ego will use defense mechanisms to balance the id and superego
What is the superego?
this seeks the pleasure principle for immediate gratification (instinct)
this is the conscious mind that represents morals and social norms
the rational part of the psyche, such as reasoning and perception, that acts as the go between of the id and superego
this is where the ego will use defense mechanisms to balance the id and superego
Freud says that the transferring of emotions from oneself to another person, animal, or object is called:
repression
regression
displacement
projection
To displace ones feelings on to another person, such as telling them that they are jealous of you when in fact you are experiencing jealousy, is called what by Freud?
projection
regression
suppression
displacement
The desire to return to all things inorganic is stated to be:
hysteria
life instinct
Freud's Theory of Religion
death instinct
