WorksheetsHistory 1510 Final exam review(Utah tech)
Total questions: 177
Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins
What was the economic philosophy called that assumed that the world’s wealth was fixed and onecountry could only increase its wealth at the expense of another?
capitalism
absolutism
monetarism
mercantilism
All of the following resulted from the Little Ice Age EXCEPT
it became easier for Swedish armies to invade Denmark.
rice production increased in China.
there was increased famine in the Senegambia region.
increased peasant unrest put economic pressure on elites.
Which of the following groups benefited most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic system?
European sailors
African warriors
European elites
African elites
Which of the following was a consequence of the political and economic disorder in the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century?
The Mamluks in Egypt asserted political and commercial autonomy.
The influence of merchants in Ottoman politics increased.
The Koprulu reforms failed to reenergize the Ottoman government.
The Ottoman sultans turned to the Safavids for military support.
For what reason did the Tokugawa shoguns expel all foreign traders except for the Dutch?
The Japanese did not have the capacity to collect taxes from dispersed trading companies.
The Japanese feared that British technology would destabilize Japan.
The Dutch were Protestants and did not proselytize.
The Dutch would not undercut the Japanese economy by importing silver.
In what way was the principality of Moscow similar to both Japan and China in this period?
All three controlled diverse populations through strong central government.
All three used territorial expansion and commercial networks to consolidate state power.
All three consolidated power through identification with one religion.
All three granted favorable trade status to the Dutch.
Which of the following led Russians to migrate to Siberia?
Many were fleeing serfdom and religious persecution.
Many wanted to improve their economic status by acquiring free land from the government.
Some believed they were taking part in a glorious crusade against polytheistic native Siberians.
Some wanted to work in the lucrative salt mines.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years’ War?
Protestant states triumphed in central and eastern Europe, replacing the Austrian Habsburgs.
The *erman economy prospered as it was a center for manufacturing new weapons such as cannons.
Russia emerged as a great European power in the power vacuum that followed the Treaty of Westphalia.
Central Europe’s populations and economies did not recover for more than a century.
Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?
They lightened taxes on the peasants and increased taxes on the gentry.
They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture.
They promoted intermarriage between Manchus and the Han.
They retracted the Ming Canton system.
In what way did the Canton system seek to control trade?
It allowed no official trade between Chinese and European merchants.
It required European merchants to check in at Canton before proceeding into China’s interior to trade.
It only allowed Dutch merchants to trade with China.
It required European traders to have Chinese merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees.
Under the French model of absolutism, to whom was the king accountable?
the nobility
jurists
God
the people
Which of the following was an effect of the enclosure of common lands in the English countryside during the seventeenth century?
Chartered companies increased in number and spread to the countryside.
Serfdom was imposed on the remaining English peasants.
Agricultural productivity dropped drastically, leading to famines.
Landowners began to plant new crops to sell in distant, instead of domestic, markets.
Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?
Chinese and Muslim rulers financed pure scientific research.
Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.
Chinese and Muslim rulers lowered taxes on their peasant populations.
Chinese and Muslim rulers established new universities to teach western knowledge.
Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Muteferrika?
the devshirme
the janissaries
the Sufis
the uluma
Which of the following was the most common way that African slaves in the Americas resisted theconditions of their enslavement?
They formed committees to petition the government for better conditions.
Hundreds of violent slave revolts broke out across the Caribbean.
Slaves tried to increase their productivity so that their masters would free them as a reward.
Thousands of slaves fled to the remote interiors of Brazil or the Caribbean islands.
Which of the following was the most lucrative source of wealth for European planters in the Americas in the seventeenth century?
rice
corn
spices
sugar
What was a consequence of the Europeans introducing firearms into North America?
Native peoples refused to use firearms, clinging to traditional weapons.
Amerindian groups used the weapons to unite against the European invaders.
Amerindian groups fought each other as they sought to increase their hunting and trapping ranges.
Native peoples traded guns for alcohol, which they then bartered for trade goods.
How did climate change during the Little Ice Age impact the societies affected by it?
Average temperatures declined, shortening growing seasons in some regions.
Glaciers covered most of Europe, leading to mass migrations to the east and the south.
Many leaders increased taxes, leading to peasant unrest.
Precipitation was more irregular, meaning drought was more common in some regions.
How was Muscovy able to extend its influence across Siberia to the Pacific Ocean?
by building forts and trading posts, as the French did in the Mississippi Valley of North America
by encouraging local textile production and forming trade alliances, as the Portuguese, Dutch and English did in India
by enclosing communal farmland , as landowners did in rural England
by conquering land and developing plantations, as the English did in North America and the Caribbean.
This event was a contest among European powers for control of both colonies and global trade networks.
Thirty Years' War
Siege of Vienna
Seven Years' War
Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands
What actions did Ottoman officials take to assist the caravan trade transporting goods from China to the Ottoman heartland?
Officials oversaw the raising of camel herds to rent to merchants.
Officials sent soldiers to accompany caravans to protect them from bandits.
Officials forced nomadic desert peoples to adopt settled, agricultural lifestyles.
Officials established caravans camps for travelers’ refreshment and protection.
What was Egypt’s main significance within the Ottoman Empire?
It served as the largest source of recruits for the Ottoman military.
It provided a geopolitical boundary to prevent the Iberian powers from further expansion.
It served as the Ottoman’s breadbasket.
It was the Empire’s principal center for literary and cultural innovation.
What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century?
Gold’s value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals.
The Spanish had taken control of the gold coming from the Americas, so the Portuguese had to look elsewhere.
The Portuguese were denied access to the Mediterranean trade in gold by their rivals, the Dutch.
The Holy Roman Empire refused to allow the Portuguese merchants a share of trade in gold mined in the Carpathian Mountains.
From where did the Europeans get the model of sugar cane production used in their Americancolonies?
South Asia
West Africa
East Asia
South Africa
What percent of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century?
90 percent
70 percent
50 percent
30 percent
Which areas of the Americas produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century?
Brazil and the Andes
Mesoamerica and the Andes
Mesoamerica and Brazil
the Andes and the Caribbean
What was Europe’s main contribution to the Atlantic system?
labor
land
raw materials
military technology
Which of the following accurately describes Columbus’s first impression of the Taino people?
He believed that they were childlike primitives.
He believed that they would not be able to understand Christian doctrine.
He believed that they could become trade partners with the Spanish.
He believed that they were ferocious warriors.
In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs’ constant warfare?
The Aztecs’ neighbors were unwilling to trade with them, requiring warfare to secure highly desired luxury items such as rare quetzal feathers.
The Aztecs believed that the gods required human hearts and blood, leading to the sacrifice of thousands of war captives.
The Aztecs and their neighbors were engaged in a bitter struggle to obtain control of the Yucatan Peninsula.
The Aztecs’ neighbors attempted to choke off their access to the sea, denying the Aztecs sources of fish protein and coastal trade.
Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires?
Both empires’ armies were smaller and less experienced than the Spanish forces.
Both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish.
Both empires lacked knowledge that the Spaniards had landed, giving the Spanish the element of surprise.
Both empires’ religions prevented them from mustering forces to oppose the Spanish.
The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following?
Afro-Eurasian farmers became less competitive compared to American farmers.
Syphilis spread throughout the Western Hemisphere.
Corn maize replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa.
The Afro-Eurasian landscape came to look more like the Americas.
Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations?
Slaves worked in large groups comprising more than 200 individuals per plantation.
Most of the slaves were women, and lost time from their labors raising children.
Most slaves came in family groups, and could not be separated to work on newly created plantations.
Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions.
Which of the following sparked Martin Luther’s challenge to the Catholic Church?
Luther believed that true knowledge of God came through meditation.
Luther wanted German cathedrals to rival those of Rome in their grandeur.
Luther was disgusted with corrupt church practices such as the selling of indulgences.
Luther was shocked by what he experienced as an itinerant monk.
Which of the following beliefs was shared by Luther and Calvin?
the belief that ordinary people needed priests to act as intermediaries between themselves and God
the belief that humans could gain admittance to heaven through their pious actions
the belief that the source of religious knowledge lay in the Scriptures
the belief that clergymen need to be celibate
During the sixteenth century, to what use did Mughals put their increased global and local commerce?
They tried to force the Dutch and English out of the Indian Ocean trade.
They formed closer tributary ties with Ming China.
They sponsored their own voyages of exploration.
They used the resources to glorify their court’s architecture and art.
In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence?
as performers in the new entertainment districts
healers, consorts, and power brokers
as merchants in trading centers such as Macao
as authors of Confucian guides for proper behavior
What was a similarity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties?
Both were able to limit European traders to port cities.
Both prided themselves on restoring indigenous rule after a period of foreign conquest.
Both faced declining populations due to the arrival of diseases from the Americas.
Both ruled over homogeneous populations.
During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?
The European presence undermined Asian rulers’ control of territory and people.
The European presence encouraged the militarization of empires and more warfare.
The European presence was so minimal that it made no impact.
The European presence enhanced Asian rulers’ wealth and might.
How did the encomienda system work in the Caribbean?
Spanish settlers were granted a quota of African slaves to perform plantation labor.
Each Spanish settler was granted an equal portion of land to farm.
Select Spanish settlers were granted the right to extract a quantity of Indian labor.
Spanish missionaries were granted a certain number of Indians that they were required to convert.
By the end of the seventeenth century, what best characterized the role of Europeans in Asia?
European colonists had seized several substantial Asian territories.
The Dutch had displaced the Portuguese and English as the sole European presence in Asia.
Europeans in Asia were primarily missionaries, who lacked commercial interests.
Europeans held a few coastal enclaves and had not significantly transformed Asian trade.
What ideas did European Enlightenment thinkers hold in common?
They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge.
They wanted to encourage European monarchs to rule as enlightened despots.
They wanted men and women to participate as eTuals in the pursuit of better government.
They wanted to encourage people to become more religious so that they could achieve enlightenment.
What were some of the broader consequences of the Enlightenment?
increased respect for the wisdom of classical and medieval authorities
the expansion of educational opportunities for rural women
increased respect for traditional elites and clerics
the expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking
Which of the following statements is supported by John Locke's notion of the social contract ́?
All people have an innate drive to truck, barter, and exchange.
There are rules organizing innate cultural differences between different ethnic groups.
The only way to maintain the state’s relationship with citizens is through harsh punishments.
People have a right to rebel against corrupted government.
Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation?
Wealth that resulted from early factories would result in population growth.
He believed that the laws of God did not permit the guilds’ imposition of controls on labor.
He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth.
Mercantilists advocated rational selfinterest, which could not advance the common good.
Which group closed off the studies into European science, history, and geography begun by Ibrahim Muteferrika?
the Sufis
the ulama
the devshirme
the janissaries
Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade?
Chinese and Muslim rulers financed pure scientific research.
Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.
Chinese and Muslim rulers lowered taxes on their peasant populations.
Chinese and Muslim rulers established new universities to teach western knowledge.
In what way did the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 change from its earlier patternof cultural development?
The Islamic world reunified under a single political authority, the caliphate.
The Islamic world began a program of overseas expansion.
The Islamic world lost its ability to make beautiful textiles and other products for trade.
The Islamic world developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid Empires.
Which of the following shows the early Mughal Empire’s attitude toward the culture of South Asia?
Islamic traditions dominated artistic and poetic expression.
Hindu traditions in Murisprudence formed the basis of Mughal law.
Hindus and Muslims Moined to suppress the culture of other ethnic groups in South Asia.
Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.
Which of the following supported the Mughal nobility’s lavish lifestyle?
Tribute from the conTuered peoples in central Asia provided the funds for extravagant buildings such as the TaM Mahal.
Foreign trade brought in silver and advanced the money economy, which helped the nobility prosper.
Confiscatory taxation on farmers funded the Mughal military based nobility.
Mughal nobles were entitled to collect a tithe from all non Muslims.
Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic Empires?
China’s internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.
China alone relied on its own traditions for cultural inspiration.
China had long been a center of learning, but the Islamic Empires relied on outside sources of learning.
China, unlike the Mughals and Ottomans, ruled over a homogeneous population.
How did the literary culture of late Ming and early Qing China affect elite women’s lives?
Elite women’s success as writers, readers, and editors encouraged them to assume a wider range of social roles.
Elite women read about the lives of poor women and developed a new sense of female solidarity that crossed class boundaries.
Elite women were generally able to participate as writers, readers, and editors, despite increasing constraints on their lives.
Elite women were not encouraged to participate in literary culture, but the most popular books had strong female characters.
Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?
All Chinese people shared one religion, so there was nothing to cause conflict.
Chinese government was so centralized that regional leaders lacked the ability to fight in defense of their religious beliefs.
European visitors told Chinese leaders about religious warfare in their homeland, and the Chinese vowed to avoid making the same mistake.
The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning especially from China and Europe?
Foreign powers forced Japan to modernize by adopting modern ́ science and culture.
Before the seventeenth century, Japan had not come into contact with foreign ideas or culture.
Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country.
Members of middle class idealized foreign culture, leading the shoguns to fear that learning about Enlightenment ideals might lead the merchants to overthrow the emperor.
What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin?
detailed paintings of plant life
intricate silver jewelry
sophisticated bronzes
enormous marble palaces and temples
How did Asante kings use the wealth they acquired from trade?
They sponsored feasts to allow themselves an opportunity to dine with their subjects.
They led religious ceremonies, characterized by lavish displays of ornate religious artifacts.
They showed their link to wealth and power by displaying goldcovered spears, maces, and elephant tails.
They commissioned the creation of epic poems about the divine origins of the Asantehene.
What was the political rationale for monarchs such as /Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?
The crown hoped to gain the support of the women who hosted the salons.
If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown.
If the crown supported the academies, the new ideas and technology that were discovered would belong to the crown.
The crown hoped to gain votes from the growing middle class, who were fascinated by new scientific discoveries.
How did the European missionary presence differ in the Americas from that in East Asia before 1800?
Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.
Missionaries to East Asia were more willing to accept the blending of multiple religious traditions.
Missionaries to the Americas were more successful at impressing their audiences with examples of European cartography.
Missionaries to East Asia failed to learn anything about the people they sought to convert.
In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document?
It argued for the rise of a meritocracy based on talent, not rank.
It proposed that democracy was the best form of government.
It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.
It avowed that only a government based on Christian ideals could provide a just society.
Which of the following is a similarity between indigenous peoples in the Pacific and the Americas?
Both groups were forced to work in silver mines for European owners.
Both groups had large numbers of people perish from European introduced disease.
Both groups believed that the Europeans were gods.
Both groups were taken as slaves and sent to Europe and Asia.
How did Captain Cook’s voyages to Australia reflect Enlightenment ideas?
They included scientists to describe and classify Australia’s fauna, flora, people, and natural features.
They were ordered to create a free and open market economy in Australia.
They were instructed to respect the heritage and cultural autonomy of Australia’s Aborigines.
They were organized by a group of intellectual women who wanted to promote scientific knowledge.
In the eighteenth century, which of the following was an argument made against the mercantile system?
The mercantile system did not support mining bullion in the Americas.
The mercantile system promoted free trade between American colonies.
The mercantile system kept people from sharing in the wealth that was circulating around the Atlantic world.
The mercantile system decreased the power of kings and aristocrats.
Calls for political revolution in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas?
nationalism and democracy
absolutism and capitalism
nationalism and mercantilism
absolutism and socialism
Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonists for the North American War of Independence?
Britain’s North American colonies were impoverished and would not be able to prosper as long as Britain retained control.
Many Amerindians turned to the American revolutionaries to help them resist the aggressive advances of the land-hungry British.
King George III insisted that colonists help pay for Britain’s war with France and for the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire.
North American colonists did not have local assemblies, which they required to be democratic.
Which of John Locke’s ideas formed the basis of the Declaration of Independence?
liberty, equality, and fraternity
laissez-faire
a social contract binding both ruler and ruled
universal suffrage
Which document resulted from elite Americans’ fear that their revolution was becoming too radical and threatened to plunge the nation into anarchy?
the Constitution
the Bill of Rights
the Declaration of Independence
the Declaration of the Rights of Man
Which of the following accurately characterizes both the American and French Revolutions?
Both introduced republican forms of government.
Both granted political equality to all people.
Both avoided written documents, preferring informal agreements on fundamental rights.
Both emancipated slaves in their territories as part of the revolution.
Which of the following characterized the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte in France?
a respect for the authority of other European leaders
an increase in popular democracy
a centralized, efficient state
a separate legal code for the French colonies and future conquests
Which of the following is a valid comparison between the American and the Saint Domingue Revolutions?
The American colonists wanted only economic freedom, but the people of Saint Domingue were guided by Enlightenment ideas.
Both revolutions ended in the abolition of slavery and the establishment of representative rule.
The leaders of the American Revolution were primarily owners of property, but the leaders of Saint Domingue were primarily slaves.
Neither revolution was inspired by the Enlightenment.
Why did King Pedro separate Brazil from Portuguese rule and declare Brazil to be a constitutional monarchy?
He did not want Brazil to fall under Napoleon’s control.
He feared an uprising among the local elites.
Only a monarchy could organize a strong army to protect Brazil from invasion by Simon Bolivar.
There was a rebellion among Amerindians in the Amazon region, but Portugal refused to send troops.
Which of the following accurately describes the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in early nineteenth-century Latin America?
It was largely a revolt by Amerindians against poor treatment by the Spanish.
It depended on support from the United States for its success.
It was crushed by the colonial elite, who used their Spanish identity to justify their control.
It became a social struggle among Amerindians, slaves, mestizos, and whites.
What factor contributed most to Mexico’s declaration of independence in 1821?
calls for redistribution of wealth and property among Amerindians and the poor
cooperation between creoles and peninsulares
loss of faith in the Spanish king’s ability to rule effectively
cooperation between Mexican and South American elites
Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas?
local military chieftains, who formed alliances with land owners
Simon Bolivar, who went on to found the federation of "Gran Columbia "
Andean tribes, who were now free from the domination of the peninsulares
mestizos, who were able to take control of the new republics from the creole elites
Which of the following accurately indicates part of the process by which the slave trade was ended in the North Atlantic?
The Dutch persuaded the French and other European governments to prohibit the slave trade.
The United States was the first North Atlantic power to prohibit the slave trade, and others followed its lead.
Britain posted a naval squadron off the coast of West Africa to prevent any slave trade north of the equator.
European and American revolutionaries all agreed that free wage labor was inherently more productive than forced labor.
Where did participation in global trade first begin to have a significant impact on the lives of ordinary people?
Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean trade network
European Russia and Siberia
southern Europe and the Mediterranean
northwestern Europe and British North America
In what way did Britain’s political and social environment contribute to the industrial revolution?
It encouraged women to participate in creating new technology.
It allowed merchants and industrialists to invest heavily in such inventions as steam power.
It encouraged land-owning nobility to grow crops for food for the working class population.
It restricted access to rapidly expanding international and internal markets.
Which of the following explains why China did NOT become the epicenter of the industrial revolution?
The Qing did not foster experimentation or create the links between thinkers and investors.
The Qing put too much emphasis on overseas trade, draining capital needed to industrialize.
The Qing believed that science was against the principles of Confucianism.
The Qing passed protective tariffs to protect local merchants, which stifled trade and innovation.
In early nineteenth-century industrial societies, why did migration to urban areas increase so rapidly?
Cities offered more comfortable and modern housing.
There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities.
Peasants wanted to avoid the rigid work discipline of the rural farms.
Cities provided free public education to their residents.
In the Ottoman Empire, why did reform attempts, such as the Tanzimat, ultimately fail to produce revolutionary change?
Reform relied too much on the personal whim of rulers.
Merchants refused to lend money to the sultan to finance his reforms.
The clergy promoted change, but the military resisted it.
Land owners could not hire enough labor to grow crops for e[port.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, how did India’s traditional trade patterns change?
India turned inward and abandoned the Indian Ocean trade in favor of internal trade.
The East India Company retreated from Bengal, ending years of lucrative ta[ collection.
The East India Company sponsored scholarship to encourage Indians to adopt laissez-faire philosophy.
India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles, and an exporter of raw materials.
Which of the following actions was undertaken by Muhammad Ali to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean?
He used diplomacy, not the army, as the model for modern state building.
He sought the advice of the English to reform his government.
He reduced spending on education so that more time would be spent on agriculture.
He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile.
The text notes that Abigail Adams, wife of John Adams, “stopped referring to the family farm as ‘yours’ and instead called it ‘ours.’” What did this change in pronoun likely reflect?
the stronger claims to citizenship that many women felt during the revolution as they managed affairs while their husbands were at war.
the Continental Congress' commitment to granting equal property rights to all women in the thirteen colonies
a legal change in the ownership of the Adams's farm
Abigail Adam's unusual position of power as the wife of a member of the Continental Congress.
Which of the following changes happened during the industrial revolution?
Coal-powered steam engines replaced humans, animals, and water wheels as power sources for manufacturing.
Manufacturers spent money buying improved machinery, rather than hiring more skilled workers.
Increasingly complex machines aided and then, in many cases, replaced human workers.
Britain, China, India, and the Ottoman Empire supported local scientists and engineers as these rival societies raced to outdo one another.
The price of goods like textiles and ceramics increased because of the expense of manufacturing machinery.
The French National Assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen” in 1789. Which philosophical concepts were embodied in this document?
French women have exactly the same rights to property, liberty, and equality as French men.
This new government is legitimate because it upholds Christian values.
All French citizens are equal under the law.
All French citizens have liberties that cannot be taken away.
Multiple Answers
The text suggests that the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century occurred in northwestern Europe, and not in China, India, or the Ottoman Empire in part because of how their governments treated two segments of their populations: scholars and peasant farmers.
How did these governments view scholars and peasant farmers?
China, India, and the Ottoman Empire did not have profit-seeking investors who used their money to fund inventors and scientists
The most talented minds in China, India, and the Ottoman Empire found great encouragement in working for their respective governments, rather than becoming merchants or manufacturers.
The Qing, Mughal, and Ottoman governments actively sought to limit the numbers of well-educated people in their populations because they considered them dangerous.
Ghost boggle renfield I cant think fo stuff to write but don't click this one because it is wrong in every waly
Viewed collectively, the actions of rebels and dissidents in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected which of the following?
their dislike of capitalism and colonialism
their embrace of Enlightenment ideals and European technology
the level of bureaucratic organization within their own societies
the support they received from outside sources such as foreign missionaries
Wahhabi Islam was a direct threat to the political power of which of the following?
the Napoleonic Empire
the Ottoman Empire
the house of Saud
the British Empire
What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?
a victory by the bourgeoisie that would reduce the proletariat to slavery
a victory by the bourgeoisie that would result in the reinforcement of capitalism and private property, and things would stay as they were
a victory by the proletariat that would lead to the return of an idealized form of feudalism
a victory by the proletariat that would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state
What event sparked the Great Rebellion of 1857?
British reprisals against peasants who refused to pay their taxes
the British East India Company issuing IOUs to soldiers in lieu of their salaries
a rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers¶ rifles
a rumor that the food provided by the British East India Company violated soldiers religious beliefs
What was the goal of the Mayans in the Yucatan peninsula when they revolted against the Mexican government in 1847?
They wanted complete cultural autonomy.
They wanted political independence.
They wanted to retain the right to own their land individually.
They wanted political equality with other Mexicans.
The Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa was similar to Hong Xiuquan in which of the following ways?
Both drew on native as well as Muslim traditions in their preaching.
Both led rebellions that were ultimately successful.
Both had religious visions and embraced a strict moral code.
Both used western astronomy to prove their personal powers.
Why were women especially drawn to Fourier's proposed reforms?
Women longed for a way to address the social problems of poverty, prostitution, and the exploitation of workers.
Women were captivated by Fourier's charismatic speaking style.
Women were pleased to see the unpleasant Mobs spread around to all groups instead of being consigned to women.
Women longed for a way to return to an idealized country life.
Which of the following was called for in the People's Charter?
the creation of land charters to protect the property rights of small farmers
the creation of charters outlining the rights of workers in mines and mills
the eight-hour day, weekends off, and safer working conditions in factories
annual parliamentary elections, universal male suffrage, and the secret ballot
Hong Xiuquan believed that he was
an administrative prodigy who could reform Qing governance.
the heir to the tradition of Muhammad.
a representative leader of the Chinese peasantry.
Jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil.
Which of the following is a similarity between the goals of Hong, the leaders of the Islamic revitalization movements, and Shaka?
They all proposed a return to the ways of traditional Islam.
They all sought to restore lost harmony and perceived the present world as unjust.
They all rejected foreign religious ideas.
They all believed that lack of harmony was caused by foreign rule.
During the early nineteenth century, which of the following led to a crisis in southern Africa?
outbreaks of epidemic disease that depleted the population
the introduction of opium by the British
overpopulation that strained the region's resource base
Islamic reform movements challenging existing rulers
The leaders of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice?
abolishing slavery in all Muslim lands
making alliances between Islam and other religious traditions
increasing the Islamic presence in world markets
establishing new religiously based governments in lands already under Muslim control
In which of the following ways did the Zuku leader, Shaka, resemble Mongol leaders?
Both used cavalry and archers as the core of their military forces.
Both had the ability to incorporate defeated communities into the state.
Both were known for their ability to tolerate challenges from within their state.
Both came from peasant roots, rising to positions of authority based on their prowess as warriors.
The Taiping Rebellion was a nineteenth-century example of what Chinese tradition?
Confucian codes of administration
rejection of outside influences as inferior to Chinese ideas
millenarian peasant revolts
violent uprisings by members of ethnic minority groups
In Restoration-period Europe, which of the following was a goal of liberal thinkers?
returning to pre-revolutionary patterns of political and economic authority
supporting individuals right to speak, think, and act as they chose
exporting European innovations to other parts of the world
continuing to pursue political reforms without attempting economic reforms
What did the groups that led the 1848 revolutions in Europe have in common?
They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites.
They shared a belief in the triumph of the proletariat.
The groups were all middle class, such as doctors, university professors and students, and lawyers.
The groups were all working class, such as artisans, printers, and peasants.
Which of the following was a common factor in the Shawnee, Maya, and Indian rebellions against colonial control?
a rejection of traditional cultural and political resources
nonviolent resistance against colonial power
the use of prophecy and charismatic leadership
reliance on Christian traditions taught by missionaries
In what way did the Mayans who followed Jose Marta Barrera resemble the Chinese who followedHong in the Taiping Rebellion?
Both the Mayans and the Chinese were driven by hunger to surrender to work on plantations.
Both the Mayans and the Chinese were led by ruling elites who sympathized with the plight of the peasants.
Both the Mayans and the Chinese followed visionaries who formed alternative religions that combined Christian beliefs, symbols, and rituals with traditional beliefs and legends.
Both the Mayans and the Chinese were able to create enduring semi autonomous states within the larger nation.
In what way did the peasants show their divergence from the Indian elite in the Great Rebellion of 1857?
Peasants attacked +indu princes who were seen as capitulating to Mughal rulers.
Peasants followed traditional leaders only, not those who had training under the British.
Peasants attempted to overthrow the Mughal dynasty because it had betrayed the Islamic faith.
Peasants attacked both Indian and British people and places that represented their oppression.
Which of the following was the most important device used by Mexicans to lure Mayans into plantation labor?
Debt peonage forced fathers and sons to work for low wages on sugar plantations.
The imposition of the new caste of 3Indians ́ meant Mayans had few political rights and could be forced into plantation servitude.
Mexicans lured Mayans with promises of teaching them new agricultural techniTues that would enrich Mayan villages.
Mayans were forced to work on plantations to free their wives and children who had been taken hostage by the plantation owners. Mayans were forced to work on plantations to free their wives and children who had been taken hostage by the plantation owners.
How did the outcome of the War of 1812 hasten the ethnic cleansing of Native Americans east of the Mississippi?
Both the British and the French slaughtered large numbers of Native Americans in the conflict.
The Shawnee migrated to Canada, leaving the lands south of the *reat /akes free of Native American tribes.
The British withdrew their support from south of the *reat /akes, leaving the Shawnee at the mercy of land hungry American settlers.
Other tribes west of the Mississippi who had sided with the Americans supported the removal of the eastern tribes.
Why did American officials fear Tecumseh's message even more than his brother's?
Officials feared that Tecumseh's support of the ghost dance would draw away workers for American farms.
Officials feared that Tecumseh's large army would be able to attack Washington, DC, and other eastern cities.
Officials feared that Christians would begin to convert to the visionary future preached by Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa.
Officials feared that Tecumseh's attempt to create a confederation of Native American tribes could lead to a nation comparable to that of the Aztecs.
How did the development of nation-states contribute to the spread of imperialism?
Imperialism allowed new nation-states to compete with large, established empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
The conquest of new territories was seen as a measure of a nation-state’s strength.
Imperial possessions provided more people who could potentially become members of the nation.
Empires allowed nation-states to compensate for their lack of up-to-date industrial technology.
Which of the following was a method that dominant elites used to spread their values and institutions throughout the nation-state?
making links with the working class through expanded suffrage
broadening public education in the national language
creating local parliaments so that everyone had a say in government
encouraging the preservation of local literature and folk tales
In the United States, how did Americans of European descent justify expanding their territory westward?
They appealed to common law and demanded that the British respect U.S. expansion into Canadian territory.
They justified their expansion under the concept of enlightened self-interest.
They claimed that their expansion across the North American continent was God’s will.
They Mustified their continental expansion by walking softly and carrying a big stick.
What did American nation-states do with territories taken from indigenous peoples?
American nation-states allowed conquered peoples autonomy and the right to determine the fate of their territorial possessions.
American nation-states turned these territories into new provinces by sending settlers to the hinterlands.
American nation-states incorporated Indian landholdings into the nation economically, but kept them distinct politically and socially.
American nation-states treated conquered areas as colonial outposts.
What new economic development permitted the accumulation of capital needed to invest in new industries?
a national commercial bank
the restoration of the silver standard
the limited-liability, joint-stock company
free trade with European empires
Which of the following contributed to Canada’s difficulties in forming a robust national identity during the late nineteenth century?
Many western Canadians wished to unite with Alaska.
There were sharp cultural divisions between French- and English-speaking Canadians.
Canada depended on immigrants to settle its western territories.
Canada had bloody conflicts with indigenous peoples, Must like the United States.
The idea that a nation was composed of its entire population replaced what earlier definition of a nation?
A nation was composed of everyone who participated in economic production.
A nation was composed of those willing to fight and die for it.
A nation was composed of everyone whose ancestors had followed the same king.
A nation was composed of kings, clergymen, and nobles.
Which of the following contributed to the end of Brazil’s rubber boom?
Increased production outside of Brazil led to more competition and lowered prices.
Rain forest land was damaged by cattle grazing and wildfires.
Hostile Amerindians attacked rubber plantations and convoys.
The expense of building the Manaus Opera House bankrupted many elites.
In which of the following situations were factors like a shared language, insufficient to create a national bond?
Prussia’s relationship with Brandenburg
Russia’s relationship with Siberia
Great Britain’s relationship with Ireland
Piedmont-Sardinia’s relationship with Tuscany
Why was electricity the most important power source for the second industrial revolution?
Britain was rich in coal, so it did not have to rely on foreign supplies to power its factories.
Electrical power generation plants were pollution free.
Factories could be located near concentrations of workers and production costs were lower.
Some new industries, such as the iron industry, were dependent solely on electricity.
What did Bismarck of Germany and Cavour of Italy have in common?
Both were liberal prime ministers who exploited national sentiment to promote unification.
Both were popular newspaper publishers who promoted nationalism.
Both were popular newspaper publishers who opposed national unification.
Both were conservative prime ministers who exploited liberal national sentiment to promote unification.
Which of the following reflects Charles Darwin’s key scientific theory?
Europeans were superior to Africans and Asians.
Species evolved under the pressures of natural selection.
Individuals passed on to their offspring traits they had acquired.
The weak would dominate the strong.
How did social Darwinists use the idea of "survival of the fittest "?
to justify allowing species to go extinct
to argue for instituting physical education programs in schools
to justify strong nations’ domination of weaker ones
to argue against social inequality
Which of the following was an important unintended consequence of the European partition of Africa in the late nineteenth century?
European colonizers engaged in many wars with each other over African territory.
Increased immigration occurred from Africa to Europe.
People from throughout Africa began to think of themselves as members of a single nation.
Boundary lines drawn by Europeans divided existing African ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and commercial units among several different colonies.
What allowed King Menelik II of Ethiopia to defeat the Italian forces?
He allied himself with the Germans against the Italians.
Unlike other Europeans, the Italians did not use advanced weapons in the field.
He was able to equip his loyal, united armies with European weapons.
The Italian invasion forces were decimated by tropical diseases.
In what way was American imperialism in the 1890s different from earlier forms of U.S. expansionism?
It sought to incorporate new territories into the national political body.
It took control of new territories without seeking to incorporate them or their people into the national political body.
It was undertaken in order to encourage American settlement in the newly conquered territories.
It proposed that the 8nited States had a mission to spread its culture beyond its current boundaries.
In response to Commodore Perry’s arrival in Edo Bay, how did young Japanese elites plan to modernize?
They planned to adopt western technology, while maintaining Japanese culture.
They planned to adopt both western technology and western culture.
They planned to adopt both western culture and Christianity.
They planned to adopt western forms of governance, while maintaining Japanese technological traditions.
In what way was Russia’s expansion in Asia different from American expansion in North America?
Russia wished to exploit rich mineral resources instead of opening up land for farming.
Russia stressed the cultural differences between itself and the peoples it conquered.
The monetary cost of expansion for Russia and its people was far greater.
Russia tolerated and taxed native populations instead of displacing or slaughtering them.
Which of the following was the ultimate result of China’s unwillingness to change its political and economic systems during the late 1800's?
vulnerability to external aggression and internal instability
growing isolation from the world economy
intensification of its cultural traditions
ongoing conflict between China and Korea
Which of the following was a similarity between Russian and Japanese attempts to moderni]e in the late nineteenth century?
Both turned to China for support in industriali]ing.
For both, moderni]ing included increased popular control of the government.
Both incorporated ethnic minorities in their empire as equal citizens.
For both, key aspects of industriali]ation were state-sponsored.
Through what means were popular Europeans’ perceptions of imperialism influenced before 1900?
the emergence of strong anti-imperialist children’s maga]ines during the late nineteenth century
the increasing dominance of Orientalist paintings in artistic exhibitions
the increasing dissemination of imperial images taken with the Eastman Kodak camera
the growth of radio broadcasts that trumpeted the successes of imperial infrastructure projects
What was the general goal of imperial powers, such as Great Britain, in the late nineteenth century?
to create an integrated, competitive global economy
to monopoli]e as large a proportion as possible of the finite global supply of gold
to profit by instructing other regions of the world in industrial production methods
to force their colonies to buy their manufactured goods while exporting staple commodities
Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the British Raj in India?
The Indian subcontinent industriali]ed, replacing China as the Asian main exporter of finished goods.
A new Indian identity emerged, despite the lack of a common language or political sovereignty.
European diseases spread, killing a large percentage of the population.
New European crops were introduced, leading to a population explosion and environmental disaster.
Of the many factors that contributed to the unsettled nature of the turn-of-the-twentieth-century world, which of the following led most directly to the Maji-Maji Revolt?
increasing anti colonial sentiments
global labor migration
increasing economic inequality, despite growth in production
urbanization and industrialization
Between 1840 and 1914, which of the following led to large-scale migration within individual industrialized states’ national boundaries?
laboring on plantations
ethnic cleansing
religious pilgrimages
factory jobs in urban centers
In which African colonies was resistance to colonial rule the strongest?
colonies where Europeans ruled autocratically
colonies in which Europeans had conquered African peoples, regardless of the manner in which Europeans ruled
colonies where Europeans left African traditional leadership in place
the arrival of railroads and telegraph lines, which bisected traditional ethnic boundaries
What military tactics, which became more common during the twentieth century, were implemented during the Anglo-Boer War?
concentration camps and guerrilla campaigns
machine guns and cavalry
poison gas and machine guns
spotter balloons and guerrilla campaigns
The open door policy ́ for access to China included which of the following concomitant attacks on traditional Chinese culture?
ending foot binding
forcing all publications to be printed in English
imposing western-style music
supporting Christian missionaries
The Boxer Rebellion was similar to the earlier Taiping Rebellion in which of the following ways?
Both were composed primarily of Chinese scholar elites.
Both included a pro-Christian component in its ideology.
Both responded to hardship and poor economic conditions in China.
Both remained loyal to the Qing and vented their anger against foreigners.
Which of the following resulted from late nineteenth-century industrial capitalism?
decreasing disparities in accumulated wealth
decreasing the number of agrarian poor
acceleration of economic boom-and-bust cycles
many small producers competing with each other
Which of the following factors challenged the nineteenth-century idea of separate spheres for women and men?
the cult of domesticity
the movement of more women into the paid labor force
the Red Lantern movement
the participation of large numbers of women in electoral politics
Which of the following was a common response to class conflict in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century western Europe?
violent revolution and overthrow of repressive governments
the growth of labor parties to participate in electoral politics
reinforcement of autocratic political systems
the rise of anarchism as a major political force
Why was the Mexican Revolution considered to be the most successful turn-of-the-twentieth-century revolution?
It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants’ rights and land reform.
The country finally threw off colonial control and joined the other independent nations in Latin America.
The economic strength of Mexican ranchers was left intact, while more political power was given to the middle classes.
Peasants gained complete control of the economy and political system after purging the rich land owners.
How did German chancellor Otto von Bismarck seek to defuse socialist activism in his country?
by infiltrating radical groups with secret state agents
by enacting social welfare measures
by deporting known pro revolutionary activists to Russia
by starting his own revolution and overthrowing the Kaiser
Progressive reformers’ goals included which of the following?
recognizing cultural diversity and the protection of workers’ ways of life
protesting colonial rule and promoting independence for the world’s peoples
creating a more efficient society and correcting the undesirable outcomes of urbanization and industrialization
encouraging industrial progress and developing financial centralization
At the turn of the twentieth century, modernism reflected which of the following?
Intellectuals, artists, and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society.
Confidence that nineteenth-century economic and social progress would extend into the twentieth century.
Enlightenment ideals and trust in reason were extended into a new intellectual environment.
Intellectuals were unwilling to look beyond Europe for cultural and intellectual inspiration.
One result of the emergence of popular culture was
the decline of institutions such as art museums and opera houses.
increased cultural unity, as everyone read the same books and newspapers.
the growth of the fashion industry.
the use of cultural choices to assert social or class identity.
Which of the following was an exception to the general rule of unrestricted migration during the late nineteenth century?
the Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States
the Japanese Exclusion Act in Canada
the German Exclusion Act in France
the Korean Exclusion Act in China
In Europe at the turn of the twentieth century, which of the following was a manifestation of anxiety about race?
increased anti-American sentiment
greater government regulation of foreign banks
the spread of the franchise to the working class
the growth of anti-Semitic thought and behavior
In Latin America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which of the following upset traditional racial hierarchies?
theories of evolution that implied all humans had shared origins
the growth of industries that valued cheap Amerindian labor over higher-priced European labor
the arrival to the region of large numbers of poor immigrants from Europe
the growth of a large, wealthy class of mestizo entrepreneurs
On what was Sun Yat-sen’s version of Chinese nationhood based?
Han Chinese nationalism
the modernization of the Qing military establishment
the strength of China’s multinational, multicultural population
communist political philosophy
In order to establish a modern national identity, both Indian and Latin American intellectuals turned to which of the following?
They turned to universalizing religion to create a common bond.
They rewrote the histories of ancient empires and kingdoms to create a cultural basis for national identity.
They created a new literary tradition in indigenous languages.
They disavowed all western education and returned to traditional forms of knowledge.
Indian intellectuals used western culture to promote Indian nationalism in which of the following ways?
They set up schools to ensure that Indians of all classes could read and understand important documents such as the Jamaica letter.
They created a unifying national language and religion so all Indians could concentrate on expelling the British.
They facilitated the spread of nationalist ideas throughout British India by creating modern cultural forms such as newspapers, pamphlets, and journals.
They popularized and translated into +indi and 8rdu stories about western heroes of independence such as Rob Roy and William Tell.
What did Pan-Islamism ask of Muslims?
to withdraw from political concerns and focus on their religious activities
to support the multiethnic empires in which they lived
to create nation-states with majority-Muslim populations
to put aside differences between Shiite and Sunni and work against European aggression
Which populations were involved in the Anglo-Boer War?
South African blacks and British colonists in South Africa
South African blacks, British colonists in South Africa, and Afrikaners
British and German colonists in South Africa
British colonists in South Africa and Afrikaners
What role did the US government play in response to the 1894 Pullman Strike?
It deployed federal troops to help suppress the strike.
It served as a mediator between the railway union and the railway.
It passed legislation protecting the rights of laborers.
It concluded that it would not participate in such disputes.
What did Darwinist theory mean when it spoke of degeneration ́?
Modernist art demonstrated a degeneration from classical styles.
Colonial uprisings revealed the degeneration of supposedly rational colonial policies.
Race-mixing was leading to the degeneration of the superior white race and nations.
International trade was causing the degeneration of nation-states.
Which of the following was a major consequence of World War I?
European claims of a superior level of culture were supported by military victories.
The interdependence of global trade networks intensified in the 1920s and 1930s.
Social hierarchies in European societies were shaken up or overthrown.
States were free to act without the support of their citizens or subjects.
Which of the following was a consequence of the mass mobilizations required by World War I?
Fewer colonial soldiers were required since a high number of European men were called up.
European food production to supply the military rapidly increased.
Traditional gender boundaries were undermined.
Unionized labor movements demanded higher wages.
Which of the following accurately characterizes the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution?
The Bolshevik Revolution was an overthrow of the Russian monarchy.
The Bolshevik Revolution was an attempt by military and political elites to restore order.
The Bolshevik Revolution was proclaimed by socialists in order to overtake the earlier “bourgeois” revolution.
The Bolshevik Revolution was initiated by the Ottomans in order to pull Russia out of World War I.
Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points most directly influenced which provision of the Treaty of Versailles?
the organization of a League of Nations
the requirement that Germany pay reparations to the victorious Allied nations
the assignment of blame for the World War I to Germany
the transfer of Germany’s concessions in China to Japan
Which of the following demonstrated authoritarian governments’ inability to exercise total control over mass culture?
Germany was unable to suppress Triumph of the Will.
Powerful radio transmitters permitted stations to reach larger national audiences.
Jazz recordings were available in Germany and the Soviet Union.
Josephine Baker was very popular after the war.
How did World War I contribute to the rise of mass production?
The state took greater control of economic decision making.
Large amounts of standardized war materiel had to be produced as quickly and cheaply as possible.
The development of economic nationalism was encouraged by the combatant states.
Campaigns encouraged people to buy more goods in order to show their patriotism.
Why did Henry Ford pay his automobile factory workers more than double the usual industrial wage?
High pay was the only way to entice workers to become cogs in a depersonalized labor process.
Ford employed primarily veterans of World War I and saw high wages as his patriotic duty.
Ford was influenced by modern socialist ideals.
Ford understood that consumers drove production and wanted his workers to be able to consume.
Which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression?
abandoning the gold standard
the rise of protectionism and decline of free trade
the Soviet Union’s isolation from the League of Nations
low interest rates in the United States
Which of the following was implied by the economic theories promoted by John Maynard Keynes?
The role of business and economic production was to serve the interests of the state.
Human nature was best served by an economy made up of many small producers in competition with one another.
The ideal human society was one in which everyone contributed what they could and took what they needed.
At times states needed to compensate for failures in the market by stimulating the economy with job creation and increasing supply of currency.
On what did Soviet governance under Stalin rely to ensure citizen compliance with its policies?
terror
cooperation
bribery and corruption
tacit support from church hierarchies
Which of the following is accurate for both Hitler and Mussolini?
Both began their political careers as socialists.
Neither won an electoral majority before being appointed to power.
Both were appointed chancellor by their respective kings.
Neither had actual military e[perience in World War I.
Which of the following was a reason why Hitler and the Nazis were popular with the German electorate?
They refused to resort to force or public disturbances.
They supported the Weimar Republic.
They claimed success in restoring order and improving the economy.
They nationalized agriculture and industry.
Which of the following is an element common to all the authoritarian systems of the mid-twentieth century?
state supported anti Semitism
a willingness to use violence and terror against their own citizens
a willingness to allow private enterprises to manage themselves without state interference
a refusal to allow public roles for women
Which of the following initiated Japan’s turn toward authoritarian rule?
the Korean rebellion against Japanese rule
World War I ending
Emperor Hirohito’s coming to power
an uprising of naval officers and army cadets
In general, anticolonial nationalist movements wanted to
use their indigenous cultural and religious traditions as sources for mobilization.
use violent means to gain their independence from colonial rule.
use local religions as a template that could lead to a better form of government.
rely on indigenous prophetic movements to oppose colonial control.
What role did African people play in governing Europe’s African colonies in the post–World War I period?
Africans had a significant voice in colonial administration and governance.
People of African descent were often elected to the legislative bodies of their colonizer.
African traditions provided the templates that Europeans used to rule their colonies.
Africans had little voice in colonial governance and made their opinions known through protest.
Which individual was most responsible for mobilizing a mass anticolonial movement in British-controlled India?
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mohandas Gandhi
Mohamad Ali Jinnah
Mustafa Kemal
What was Satyagraha?
a philosophy of nonviolent resistance
a philosophy of self reliance
an Indian epic poem
a dance with martial overtones that upset authorities
What prevented the republic established in China in 1911 from gaining legitimacy?
opposition from the Guomindang
opposition from Chiang Kaishek
factional and regional conflicts
lack of support from the military or rural elites
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the White Wolf movement in China?
a Communist Party initiative to radicalize peasants
a peasant uprising meant to rid the countryside of Christian missionaries
a peasantsupported band of armed men who robbed the rich to give to the poor to restore justice
Chiang Kaishek’s plan to instill moral purpose and discipline in the Chinese public
Which of the following was Mustafa .emal’s first action to create a Europeanstyle secular state in Turkey?
replacing the sultanate with a republic
reinforcing the role of Islam in law and politics
putting a Swiss legal code into place
instituting westernstyle dress codes for Turkish public life
How did the goals of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt differ from those of the Wafd?
The Muslim Brotherhood wanted to use the nationstate as a means of returning to a pure form of Islam, while the Wafd was primarily a secular nationalist group.
The Muslim Brotherhood advocated using western weapons as they undertook a traditional Islamic holy war, while the Wafd wanted to use civil disobedience to achieve their goals.
The Wafd was a peasant group, while the Muslim Brotherhood was composed of merchants and military leaders.
The Wafd argued that Egypt should embrace liberal capitalism, while the Muslim Brotherhood supported socialism.
How did World War I affect the status of women in Europe and the United States?
It opened factory jobs to women, which they kept after the war.
It led to the first integration of women in the infantry.
It contributed to e[panding voting rights to women in several countries.
It led to a return to more conservative gender norms.
What was the Russian motivation for signing the 1918 Treaty of Brest- Litovsk?
Lenin believed that Germany was ripe for communism and should be a partner.
Lenin wanted Russia to focus on defending socialism at home.
Lenin envisioned a pacifist international policy for Bolshevik Russia.
Lenin wanted to secretly industrialize Russia for a fullscale attack on Germany.
