WorksheetsIB Bio Ecology Review
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 55mins
Define community.
group of organisms living and interacting with each other in an area
group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area
group of organisms living and interacting with each other in an area at the same time
abiotic and biotic factors that affect a population
Which of the following represents the actual mode of existence in which a species can be found?
ecological niche
fundamental niche
realised niche
zone of intolerance
Identify the key term shown in the graph.
realised niche
competitive exclusion
zone of intolerance
mutualism
Define commensalism
the interaction between two organisms where one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
the interaction of two species where one (the parasite) feeds on and derives benefit from the other (the host) which consequently suffers.
the interaction of two species where both benefit.
the interaction between two living organisms where one catches, kills and eats the other.
Define trophic level
show the energy being passed from one organism to another
the position an organism occupies in a food chain
the position a population occupies in a food chain
the position an organism occupies in a mesocosm
Identify the key term being described by the sequence of events: bare rock, colonised by pioneer species, topsoil layer created, grasses grow and displace pioneer species, shrub growth, soil depth promotes tree growth
succession
primary succession
secondary succession
fundamental niche
What limits the length of a food chain in an ecosystem?
The size of the individual organisms
Competition between organisms
The loss of energy between trophic levels
Natural selection
What is the classification of an organism that is able to make organic compounds from inorganic nutrients?
Autotroph
Consumer
Detritivore
Saprotroph
How is peat formed?
From methanogenic archeans under anerobic and acidic conditions in deep sea vents
From partially decomposed organic matter under anaerobic and acidic conditions in waterlogged soils
From porous limestone under high pressure, aerobic and alkaline conditions in ocean beds
From bituminous coal under high pressure, anaerobic conditions below ground
What contributes to rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and increases average global temperatures?
An increase in shorter wave radiation emitted by the Earth.
An increase in longer wave radiation emitted by the Earth.
An increase in the combustion of fossilized organic matter
The depletion of the ozone in the stratosphere
Methanogens produce methane gas. What is the gas converted to in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide and ozone.
Carbon dioxide and water
Which characteristic of water vapour classifies it as a greenhouse gas?
It absorbs then re-emits some of the long wave radiation emitted by the Earth's surface
It prevents short wave radiation from reaching the Earth's surface
It absorbs UV radiation but does not re-emit it
It absorbs infra-red radiation but does not re-emit it
Identify the species richness of this community.
4
6
25
24
True or False: higher richness and evenness allows for more resilience
true
false
regrowth of species from the soil after a disturbance
primary succession
secondary succession
finale succession
keystone species
The phenomenon by which toxins concentrate in the organisms at higher trophic levels within an ecosystem is known as...
Biotoxicity
Biomagnification
Eutrophication
Predation
The rain forest soil is
dry and rocky
frozen soil
thick and nutrient rich
thin and nutrient poor
Which biome has the largest store of nutrients in the soil?
taiga
desert
rain forest
Why is the "litter" store of nutrients so high in the taiga?
it is warm so there is lots of decomposition
it is cold so there is not a lot of decay
it is rainy so the litter layer quickly disappears
there is a lot of weathering so the soil is thin
Why are bees considered a keystone species?
The honey they make supports the bear population
They pollinate flowers that produce fruit which supports the ecosystem
They sting when threatened
They live in hives
A life form that is very sensitive to environmental changes in its ecosystem. They can give us early-warning messages that a habitat is suffering.
Indicator Species
Flagship Species
Predators
Ecosystem Engineers
The approach of conservation, where the whole ecosystem is protected , in order to conserve the biodiversity at all levels is called as _____approach.
In situ conservation
Ex situ conservation
Natural disasters can be considered limiting factors.
true: density independent limiting factors
false; natural disasters are not limiting factors
true: density dependent limiting factors
Food conservation ratio is
mass gained by organism/mass of feed
mass of feed/mass gained by organism
mass of energy produced/mass of feed
biomass of an area/total productivity
Which of the following is contributing to an INCREASE in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
deforestation
photosynthesis
oceans
all of the above
the loss of animal species
Which term(s) best describe(s) these chemosynthetic bacteria? (Select all that apply)
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Consumer (w/in heterotroph)
Detritivore
Saprotroph
Saprotrophs are similar to detritivores in that...
Both get their nutrition from living biotic matter
Both ingest their food before digesting it
Both digest their food before ingesting it
Both get their nutrition from abiotic factors in their environment
Both get their nutrition from dead biotic matter
Choose the correct levels of Organization from lowest to highest...
population, community, ecosystem, organism
species, population, community, ecosystem
organism, population, ecosystem, community
population, species, community, ecosystem
What type of population would you ESTIMATE using a quadrat?
Mesocosms can be used by ecologists to investigate natural systems. What advantage is there in using mesocosms rather than the natural environment for these experiments?
Variables can be controlled more precisely in mesocosms.
Mesocosms can be fitted with data loggers.
There is limited space in a mesocosm.
Mesocosms can contain more than one species.
True or false: A positive association relationship allows co-existance between those involved
True
False
In the image, the line is called the:
quadrat
transect
stabiliser
sample
What do scientists call plastics when they break down into tiny pieces?
Microtrash
Microplastics
Microparticles
Macroplastics
How does plastic trash cause marine life and sea birds to starve?
They mistake plastic for food, which clogs their stomachs and doesn't leave any room for real food.
Plastic takes up space in the water so marine animals have no place to live.
The plastic in the ocean is so dense that the marine life cannot find food easily.
Plastic doesn't cause marine life or sea bird to starve: they're smart enough to know the difference between plastic and food.
What can be best determined with transect sampling?
Population Size
Population Density
Percentage or number of population affected by something
How a population varies over a space or gradient
When sampling a population of cardinals, you catch ten birds and tag them. The next weekend, you catch ten more birds, five of which were previously tagged. What is the total population of cardinals in that area?
(10 x 10) / 5 = 20
5 / (10 x 10) = .05
(5 x 10) / 10 = 5
(10 x 5) / 5 = 10
