Which would describe the upper mantle?

Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho boundary?

Where is the Lehman discontinuity?

Which layer of Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?

Which type of tectonic plate boundary is found between the South American Plate and the Scotia Plate?

The world map below shows Earth’s major tectonic plate boundaries. Letters A through D represent four

surface locations. Which location is on a major rift valley?

Lithosphere is made of what two layers?

The map below shows California and a section of the San Andreas Fault. What is the primary geologic process occurring along the San Andreas Fault?

The Earth separated into the three layers when?

Oceanic and continental convergence will be associated with what type of rock erupting from volcanoes?

According to the cross section, every 1 million years, the ocean floor bedrock moves approximately

The mantle is hot enough to be a liquid, but it is considered "plastic rock". Why isn't it a liquid (melted rock)

What will occur on the East coast of South America?

Which liquid has the lowest density?

Which would describe the upper mantle?

The three layers that make-up the earth’s composition are

What generates the heat within out Earth?

Which forces would be at work at a ridge?

What layer will p waves decrease in?

Most of the basalt that forms island arcs comes from the

Which model is accepted for mantle convection

How was the Lehmann discontinuity identified?

Why does the mantle not heat up as much as predicted as you travel down?

Which graph best shows the range of density in each of Earth’s layers?

What forces would be at work at subduction?

Describe the general relationship between distance from ridge and age of seafloor

Which discontinuity separates the mesosphere from the outer core?

Divergent boundaries contain

Copper and graphite are made of a single element. This makes them part of which mineral group?

Pyroxene is made of what type of silicate structure?

The most common elements in the crust and mantle are

A coarse grained felsic igneous rock

Which of the following minerals is NOT a silicate?

Felsic rocks will be made of which silicate minerals?

What is the role of heat in metamorphism?

The last two minerals to crystallize in a andesitic magma would be?

Cleveland volcano

is probably a:

The rock erupted at

Cleveland is probably:

The material erupted at Cleveland is probably

A silica-poor, iron- and magnesium-rich, fine-grained volcanic rock is

Assuming the plagioclase crystal shown

to the right grew as the magma cooled:

Assuming in the above diagram the layered rocks are sedimentary, which of the following rocks might form in the layer above location "r"?

Which of these two minerals would indicate a higher grade of metamorphism:

The best explanation for advances and retreats of glaciers within an Ice Age (periods of 100s to 1000s of years) is:

Between the two arrows, this feature

was moving mostly to the___ as it formed:

north is at the top

On the diagram to the right,

the feature at the tip of the arrow is a(n):

The diagram to the right shows the velocity

of P- and S-waves through the Earth. Curve “b”

is:

The magnetic stripes on the ocean floor:

This profile would most likely be found in the:

J. (for “Jumping”) Tuzo Wilson

developed a test for the seafloor spreading

hypothesis that involved earthquakes at

transform faults that offset mid-ocean

ridges. If seafloor spreading was a valid

model, geologists should see earthquakes

with which of these two possible

distributions:

How many plates are shown on the map?

What is the composition of the rock erupted at the volcanoes at Location “A”?

The best explanation for why there is no volcanism at Location “B” is:

At what location is there a trench?

At what location is there an ocean ridge?

Which of the following rocks might give clues about climate conditions in Earth's past?

Which igneous texture is classified by crystals you can't see with your eye?

The diversification and increase in abundance of mammals marks the:

Galena and pyrite are sulfides with the same cubic structure yet they are considered different minerals.  This is because:

A fine-grained, light-colored volcanic rock with a few scattered, small crystals of quartz and potassium feldspar is called:

The volcano that erupts Pahoehoe lava is:

Which answer best describes the structures in this diagram and where they form:

Desiree finds a coarse-grained, dark-colored rock with interlocking crystals. She hikes all day but the rock beneath her feet remains essentially the same.   She concludes:

Structure “c” is a(n):

Which of these two minerals would indicate a lower grade of metamorphism:  

JimBob finds a foliated rock with alternating layers of light and dark minerals. He thinks he found:

Use the cross-section below to answer questions 37-41. The cartoon below shows the folded rocks layers beneath a mountainside. Spend a minute thinking about the orientation of the layers and how groundwater would move through them. Layer a is sand and gravel. Layer b is shale. Layers c, d, and e are sedimentary rocks. The rock layers rest on unfractured basalt. A geologist needed to find water and drilled many wells. The wells are labeled r to z. You are probably better trained and smarter than the geologist. Use the information to circle the best answer. Assuming a climate like Michigan, which well or wells are likely to supply groundwater from the unconfined aquifer.

Use the cross-section below to answer questions 37-41. The cartoon below shows the folded rocks layers beneath a mountainside. Spend a minute thinking about the orientation of the layers and how groundwater would move through them. Layer a is sand and gravel. Layer b is shale. Layers c, d, and e are sedimentary rocks. The rock layers rest on unfractured basalt. A geologist needed to find water and drilled many wells. The wells are labeled r to z. You are probably better trained and smarter than the geologist. Use the information to circle the best answer. Assuming layer c is a confined aquifer, it is probably made of:

The diagram below shows the velocity  of P- and S-waves through the Earth.  Curve “a” is:

The diagram below shows the paths  of S-waves through the Earth.  This  diagram illustrates how seismologist detected:

Crustal shortening and thickening with intense folding and thrust faults indicate:

Offset mid-ocean ridges are examples of _______ plate boundaries:

This profile would most likely be found in the:

The Andes volcanoes of the west coast of South America are being produced by:

 J. (for “Jumping”) Tuzo Wilson developed a test for the seafloor spreading hypothesis that involved the age of volcanic rocks in the Hawaiian  islands (names below dots).  If seafloor spreading was a valid model, geologists should see ages of rocks (in millions of years, above dot) with which of these two possible distributions:

What type of volcano is this?

A measure of the strength of an earthquake is known as...

What scale is used to classify intensity?

Basaltic volcanoes are associated with

A tracing of earthquake motion is called a what?

An area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes are known to have occurred in the past is known as a...

A person hiking on a volcano notices lots of aa and pahoehoe lava flows.

What type of lava is this

Usually found at subduction zones

Which one of these does NOT affect the temperature at which magma forms?

Which of these magmas has the lowest viscosity?

A broad, gently sloping volcanic cone constructed of solidified lava flows it

What types of landscapes are featured near or with volcanoes?

What is structure Q

A mountain like volcano with steep sides constructed of alternating lava flows and tephra (pyroclastic material) is:

The modified Mercalli scale is based on?

What type of magma has the most silica?

The easiest way to tell a cinder cone from a lava dome is

The location within earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs is called the what?

Stratovolcanoes are more dangerous than shield volcanoes because

Using ESRT (A) [Radioactive Decay Data], what is the half-life in standard notation of carbon-14?

What is the correct order of events?

The worst mass extinction event in the history of the Earth wiping out 96% of all life was the?

When did the first birds appear?

The graph shows the decay of a radioactive material over time.How long does it take for this radioactive material to decay through 2 half-lives?

The graph shows the generalized rate of decay of radioactive isotopes over 5 half-lives.If the original mass of a radioactive isotope was 24 grams, how many grams would remain after 3 half-lives?

According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?

States that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed

What is the last event to happen?

Which letter is the youngest event?

The Devonian is a

The graph shows the radioactive decay of a 50-gram sample of a radioactive isotope. According to the graph, what is the half-life of this isotope?

The period when trilobites and eurypterids appeared was the

There have been how many major extinction events on planet Earth?

The time when mammals became dominant