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A&P Spring Cumulative Final 21/22

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 2hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of these is NOT required for life?

a)

water

b)

food

c)

blood

d)

oxygen

2.

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all LIVING organisms?

a)

organism

b)

cell

c)

tissue

d)

organ system

3.

In biology, homeostasis refers to the state of _______ maintained by living systems.

a)

changing internal conditions

b)

stable external conditions

c)

stable internal conditions

d)

changing external conditions

4.

Small structures within living cells that carry on specific functions are known as _________.

a)

organelles

b)

tissues

c)

molecules

d)

parasites

5.

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is also known as _________.

a)

metabolism

b)

assimilation

c)

growth

d)

digestion

6.

Which of the following is the most complex level of organization?

a)

cell

b)

organ

c)

organ system

d)

organelle

7.

The study of the structure of the human body is called ___________.

a)

homeostasis

b)

anatomy

c)

physiology

d)

interrelation

8.

Measuring the acid content of the stomach would relate more closely to the science of ...

a)

anatomy

b)

physiology

c)

both anatomy and physiology

d)

none of the above

9.

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts is...

a)

anatomy

b)

physiology

c)

both anatomy and physiology

d)

none of the above

10.
Which type of muscle is striated?
a)
Skeletal 
b)
Muscles in your throat 
c)

The muscles in the digestive system

d)
Smooth
11.

Which of the following lists the body organization terms is in the correct order from smallest to largest?

a)
cells-tissues-organs-organ system
b)
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems
c)
cells-tissues-organ system-organs
d)
tissues-organs-organ system-cells
12.
Which type of cartilage covers the ends of bones?
a)
Hyaline 
b)
Fibrocartilage 
c)
Elastic 
d)
None of the above 
13.
The intestines consist of which type of muscle?   
a)
Smooth
b)
Skeletal 
c)
Cardiac 
d)
Heart muscle
14.

What is the name of the ventral cavity that houses the lungs?

a)

Thoracic

b)

Abdominal

c)

Pelvic

d)

Cranial

15.

The medical term lateral means _____.

a)

To the right

b)

To the left

c)

To the side

d)

At the top

16.

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior?

a)

Coronal Plane

b)

Transverse Plane

c)

Sagital Plane

d)

Air Plane

17.

How many bones are there in the adult skeleton?

a)

204

b)

209

c)

207

d)

206

18.

What is the name of the protein filament that has double heads and pulls the actin towards the center of the Sarcomere?

a)
Fascicle
b)
Sarcoplasm
c)
Myosin
d)
Fascia 
19.

Where would you find the muscle named the Gastrocnemius?    

a)
Upper back
b)
Chest
c)
Lower leg
d)
Lower arm 
20.
Where in the body would you find smooth muscle tissue, working under unconscious control?    
a)
Myocardium
b)
Hamstrings
c)
Quadriceps
d)
Gastrointestinal tract
21.
What is the name given to the contractile units repeated along the myofibrils?  
a)
Fascicles
b)
Perimysium
c)
Sarcomere
d)
Fascia 
22.

The end of a long bone is referred to as ________ in medical terminology.

a)
Compact bone
b)
Epiphysis
c)
Diaphysis
d)
Periosteum
23.
The appendicular skeleton is made up of which structures? 
a)
The arms, legs and feet
b)
The upper and lower limbs, pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
c)
The pelvic and pectoral girdle only
d)
The arms, legs, vertebral column,  and the pectoral girdle. 
24.
How many individual bones make up the Thoracic vertebrae?
a)
5
b)
7
c)
12
d)
10
25.

What connective tissue secures bone to bone?

a)
Tendon
b)
Ligament
c)
Aponeurosis
d)
Muscle fascia
26.

________ is the arms moving away from the body's midline in a lateral motion.

a)
Abduction
b)
Protraction
c)
Adduction
d)
Retraction
27.

What organelle is called the "powerhouse" of a cell because it breaks down food and converts it to energy.

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Nucleolus

28.

Which organelle surrounds a cell and holds it together?

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Ribosome

29.

The _____________ is a gel-like fluid that fills plant and animal cells. It holds the organelles in place and gives each cell its shape.

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Chloroplast

30.
What is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
osmotic pressure
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
osmosis
31.
Moving from areas of LOW concentration to areas of HIGH concentration is called?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
32.

What type of membrane transport does not require energy and moves particles WITH their concentration gradient?

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

33.

What is the point of a feedback loop?

a)

To provide the body with more energy

b)

To provide the body with more food

c)

To make sure the conditions in the body are always changing

d)

To make sure the conditions in the body remain stable

34.

Failure to maintain homeostasis could result in _____.

a)
lack of internal balance
b)
eventual death
c)
difficulty carrying on metabolism 
d)
all three
35.

The two types of feedback systems that help organisms maintain homeostasis are ___________ and _________.

a)
positive and negative 
b)
receptor and effector
c)
static and dynamic
d)
minor and major
36.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
37.
The process of childbirth is an example of:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
38.

The "cause" for something to happen in a feedback loop is the _____.

a)

response

b)

effect

c)

stimulus

d)

homeostasis

39.

The "effect" of a given stimulus in a feedback loop is the ______.

a)

response

b)

stimulus

c)

cause

d)

result

40.

The heart is contained within this cavity (most specific).

a)
mediastinum
b)
pericardial
c)
pleural
d)
thoracic
41.

What cavity are the lungs located in?

a)
pleural
b)
mediastinum
c)
brachial
d)
pelvic
42.

The ___ is a large dome shaped muscle that separates the two sections of the ventral cavity.

a)
heart
b)
lungs
c)
spleen
d)
diaphragm
43.

The __ contains the trachea, esophagus, and large blood vessels such as the aorta.

a)
cranial
b)
abdominopelvic
c)
dorsal
d)
thoracic
44.

The armpit is known as the ________ region.

a)

Acrominal

b)

Axillary

c)

Deltoid

d)

Nasal

45.

Your feet are ________ to your knees.

a)

caudal

b)

cephalic

c)

inferior

d)

superior

46.

The head is _____ to the shoulders.

a)

proximal

b)

caudal

c)

superior

d)

inferior

47.

Standing erect with palms and feet facing forward is referred to as ________ in medicine.

a)
Anatomical Position
b)
Anatomical Planes
c)
Anatomical Directions
d)
Anatomical Movements
48.

Which term refers to the shoulder region in medical terminology?

a)

brachial

b)

acromial

c)

unilateral

d)

carpal

49.

Which of the following terms accurately describes where the brain is located in medical terminology?

a)
vertebral canal
b)
cranial cavity
c)
mediastinum
d)
umbilical region
50.

The upper arm area is known as the ________ region.

a)

Antebrachial

b)

Brachial

c)

Antecubital

d)

Cubital

51.
All foreign materials that cause a response from the immune system are called _____________________.
a)
Antigens
b)
Active Immunity
c)
Antibodies
d)
Antibiotics
52.

What are the proteins produced by B cells and designed to mark antigens to be destroyed?

a)
Antigens
b)
Active Immunity
c)
Antibodies
d)
Antibiotics
53.
Which of the following is a non-specific response?
a)
Fever
b)
Red, itchy eyes that may be crusted shut
c)
Signs that is related to one antigen
d)

none of the above

54.
What do memory cells do?
a)
Kills the virus
b)
Eats the virus
c)
Patrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.
d)
Makes antibodies
55.
Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
a)
You get a vaccination
b)
You create antibodies
c)
You get infected
d)
All of these are correct
56.

What is the first barrier against disease on your body?

a)
White blood cells
b)
Red blood cells
c)
the skin
d)
leucocytes 
57.
If you are feeling ill and the doctor prescribes you some antibiotics to help you feel better, you are infected with a _______
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteria
c)

Parasite

d)

Fungus

58.
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? 
a)
Neither responds to antibiotics.
b)
Both respond to antibiotics.
c)
 Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.
d)
Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
59.

What carries food from the pharynx to the stomach?

a)

larynx

b)

trachea

c)

esophagus

d)

bronchioles

60.

What type of digestion takes place in the stomach?

a)

mechanical

b)

chemical

c)

both mechanical and chemical

d)

none of the above

61.

Where does the absorption of nutrients from food take place?

a)

stomach

b)

liver

c)

small intestine

d)

large intestine

62.

What chemically breaks down food into smaller molecules?

a)

teeth

b)

muscles of the stomach

c)

enzymes

d)

acid

63.

What are the rhythmic muscular contractions of your esophagus called to help food move along?

a)

swallowing

b)

peristalsis

c)

inertia contractions

d)

paralysis

64.

Endocrine glands secrete ___.

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

A wide range of chemical substances

d)

Enzymes

65.

Where is insulin produced?

a)

Liver

b)

Heart

c)

Pancreas

d)

Pineal gland

66.

Which gland is referred to as the master gland?

a)

Adrenal

b)

Pituitary

c)

Testes

d)

Ovaries

67.

Which hormone is secreted from the Adrenal Gland?

a)

Cortisol

b)

LH

c)

ACTH

d)

FSH

68.

Females are born with all the egg cells they will ever have in their entire life?

a)
True
b)
False
69.
An egg cell leaves the _______________ and goes into the fallopian tube.
a)
Testicle
b)
Ovary
c)
Uterus
d)
Scrotum
70.
Which is not part of the female's reproductive system?
a)
Labia
b)
Uterus
c)
Cervix
d)
Vas Deferens
71.

How is lymph moved through lymphatic vessels?

a)

Contraction of the small intestine

b)

Contraction of the heart

c)

Blood cells carry lymph through the vessels

d)

Contraction of the skeletal muscle around the vessels

72.
Which of the following organs does not have food pass through it as part of the digestive tract?
a)
liver
b)
small intestine
c)
esophagus
d)
rectum
73.

Feces passes to the outside of the body through an opening called the _____.

a)
anus
b)
rectum
c)
esophagus
d)
sphincter
74.
What are the rings of muscles that control the movement of digested food between the organs of the digestive tract?
a)
peristalsis
b)
sphincters
c)
enzymes
d)
chyme
75.

The purpose of the endocrine system is to

a)

maintain homeostasis by reacting quickly to stimuli

b)

produce substances that protect the body from bacteria

c)

maintain metabolism, growth, development and homeostasis

d)

transport molecules throughout the body

76.

What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Parathyroid Hormone

77.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the brainstem?
a)
Cerebellum
b)
Medulla oblongata
c)
Midbrain
d)
Pons
78.

Two glial cells that insulate neurons by producing myelin

a)

Schwann cells and Oligodendrocyte

b)

Satellite Cells and Neurons

c)

Dendritic Cells and astrocytes

d)

Ependymal cell and microglial cells

79.
The brain's supporting cells are called: 
a)
glial cells
b)
mitochondria
c)
neurons
d)
nuclei
80.
Neurons that travel toward the central nervous system are called
a)
afferent neurons
b)
efferent neurons
c)
exit neurons
d)
CNS neurons
81.

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system controls voluntary behaviors?

a)

Sympathetic

b)

Parasympathetic

c)

Autonomic

d)

Somatic

82.

Another name for motor neurons are _______.

a)

efferent neurons.

b)

afferent neurons.

c)

somatic neurons.

d)

sympathetic neurons.

83.

An electrical impulse within a single neuron is called a(n) ________.

a)

synapse

b)

membrane potential

c)

action potential

d)

cell body

84.

Cranial nerve II is the _____ nerve.

a)

trochlear

b)

vagus

c)

facial

d)

optic

85.

Cranial nerve X is the _____ nerve.

a)

facial

b)

vagus

c)

accessory

d)

optic

86.

A person has a stroke on her occipital lobe.  What deficits could she obtain from this injury?

a)
reduced planning abilities
b)
deafness
c)
coma
d)
blindness
87.
Area of the temporal lobe involved in language comprehension.
a)
Broca's Area
b)
Wernicke's Area
c)
Central Sulcus
d)
Somatosensory Cortex
88.

Which of the following is the location where gas exchange takes place in the respiratory system?

a)

alveoli

b)

bronchi

c)

villi

d)

bronchioles

89.

The trachea branches off into two _______.

a)
Alveoli
b)
Bronchi
c)
Bronchioles
d)

Lungs

90.
The membrane that surrounds the lungs is called:
a)
Singular Membrane
b)

Visceral Pleura

c)
Cellular Membrane
d)

Parietal Pleura

91.
What important activity takes place in the lungs?
a)
Food is digested
b)
Waste filtered from blood
c)
Oxygen (O2) is exchanged for Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
d)
Trachea is exchanged for the larynx
92.

What is the medical term for the windpipe?

a)
Lungs
b)
Trachea
c)
Larynx
d)
Esophagus
93.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Respiratory System?

a)

taking in oxygen

b)

taking in carbon dioxide

c)

moisten air

d)

transport glucose

94.

A person swallows water and does not choke or strangle. This is possible because the ______ functioned properly.

a)

bronchi

b)

larynx

c)

pharynx

d)

epiglottis

95.

What are the lungs dispelling when you exhale?

a)
Air
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Nitrogen
96.
Which of the following delivers oxygen to cells?
a)
Red Blood cells
b)
White blood cells
c)
Platelets
d)
Plasma
97.
How many chambers does the heart have ? 
a)
4
b)
6
c)
3
d)
1
98.

Which side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and circulates it to the lungs for oxygenation?

a)
Left side
b)
Right side
c)
Top side
d)
Bottom side
99.

After returning from the lungs blood travels through the pulmonary veins back to the heart. What kind of blood does it carry and where does the blood travel next?

a)

carries oxygenated blood to left atrium

b)

carries deoxygenated blood to left ventricle

c)

carries oxygenated blood to left ventricle

d)

carries deoxygenated blood to left atrium

100.

This fluid makes up 55% of blood components and is what erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes are suspended in.

a)

Platelets

b)

Blood

c)

Plasma

d)

Hemoglobin

101.

The circulatory system works with the ___________ system to provide our bodies with oxygen.

a)
respiratory
b)
digestive
c)
muscular
d)
skeletal
102.

What structure is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart, controls the heart rate by generating electrical impulses and then sends electrical signals through the atria of the heart muscle?

a)

AV Node

b)

SA Node

c)

Atrium

d)

Ventricle

103.

What cardiac structure regulates the signals to the ventricles, as well as making sure that the atria are empty and closed before stimulating the ventricles?

a)

AV Node

b)

SA Node

c)

AVB (Bundle of HIS)

d)

Purkinje Fibers

104.

What is the scientific name for a red blood cell? 

a)
erythrocytes
b)
neutrophil
c)
Monocyte
d)
Prokaryote
105.

_________ carry deoxygenated blood TO the heart, where as ___________ carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart.

a)

veins, arteries

b)

nerves, muscles

c)

capillaries, arteries

d)

thrombocytes, leukocytes

106.

A 30 y/o male suffers an heart attack and the doctor states that there was damage to the heart muscle. What is the medical term for this layer of the heart?

a)
endocardium
b)
myocardium
c)
pericardium
d)
pleuracardium
107.

A sphygmomanometer is used to determine _________.

a)

Heart Rate

b)

Blood Oxygen Levels

c)

Blood Pressure

d)

Blood Volume

108.

The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is:

a)

AV-SA-AVB (Bundle of His)-Purkinje

b)

AV-SA-Purkinje-AVB (Bundle of His)

c)

SA-AV-AVB (Bundle of His)-Purkinje

d)

SA-AV-Purkinje-AVB (Bundle of His)

109.

What functional part of the kidney is responsible for the production of urine?

a)
nephrons
b)
bladder
c)
ureter
d)
renal pelvis
110.

Which of the following is the correct order for the flow of filtrate through the renal tubules?

a)
proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle
b)
distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
c)
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
d)
collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
111.

Which of the following does the kidneys regulate in order to assist the body in maintaining homeostasis?

a)
levels of electrolytes 
b)
amount of water in the body
c)
pH
d)
all of the above
112.
Which stage of urine production involves returning water, nutrients, and electrolytes to the bloodstream?
a)
filtration
b)
excretion
c)
secretion
d)
reabsorption 
113.
What C-shaped structure in the nephron surrounds the glomerulus?
a)
Bowman's capsule
b)
bladder
c)
renal pelvis
d)
hilum
114.
Which are the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder?
a)
Adrenal tubes
b)
Kidneys
c)
Ureters
d)
Urethras

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