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Rocks & Minerals Full Review

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which two elements make up the greatest percentages by mass in Earth’s crust?
a)
oxygen and potassium
b)
oxygen and silicon
c)
aluminum and potassium
d)
aluminum and silicon
2.

Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but cannot scratch D?

a)

Talc

b)

Fluorite

c)

Quartz

d)

Selenite Gypsum

3.

Which mineral is commonly used as an abrasive?

a)

garnet

b)

halite

c)

sulfur

d)

graphite

4.

Which two minerals are commercial sources of iron?

a)

galena and graphite

b)

muscovite mica and biotite mica

c)

garnet and fluorite

d)

hematite and magnatite

5.

Which characteristic do samples of the mineral pyroxene normally exhibit?

a)

yellow to amber color

b)

bubbling in hydrochloric acid

c)

cleaves at 56° and 124°

d)

hardness of 5 to 6

6.

Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)?

a)

galena

b)

quartz

c)

magnetite

d)

gypsum

7.

The diagrams below represent the crystal shape and type of cleavage of two different minerals. The crystal shape and type of cleavage of these two minerals are determined mainly by the minerals’

a)

color and type of luster

b)

streak and hardness

c)

composition and atomic arrangement

d)

density and magnetism

8.

Which mineral is produced when two atoms of iron chemically combine with three atoms of oxygen?

a)

garnet

b)

pyrite

c)

magnetite

d)

hematite

9.

The mineral anorthite is typically white to gray in color, has a hardness of 6.0, cleaves in two directions, and is used in making glass and ceramics. Which mineral has properties most similar to anorthite?

a)

quartz

b)

calcite

c)

pyroxene

d)

plagioclase feldspar

10.

Which three minerals are most likely used in the construction of a house?

a)

graphite, pyrite, and halite

b)

garnet, galena, and sulfur

c)

talc, amphibole, and fluorite

d)

selenite gypsum, dolomite, and muscovite mica

11.

The table shown lists some information about the minerals graphite and diamond.


Some properties of diamond are different from those of graphite because diamond

a)

has a different arrangement of atoms

b)

forms larger crystals

c)

has a different composition

d)

is older in geologic age

12.

Which two physical properties of graphite make it a good mineral for use in pencils?

a)

luster and fracture

b)

cleavage and magnetism

c)

hardness and streak

d)

greasy feel and composition

13.

The table provides information about four minerals. Mineral A is most likely...

a)

Galena

b)

Garnet

c)

Olivine

d)

Halite

14.

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because

a)

light reflects from crystal surfaces.

b)

energy is released during crystallization.

c)

of impurities that produce surface variations.

d)

the internal arrangement of atoms.

15.

What do the minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and olivine all have in common?

a)

Same hardness

b)

Same color

c)

Contain silicon and oxygen

d)

Break along cleavage planes

16.

What is the most common group of minerals?

a)

Silicate

b)

Oxides

c)

Sulfides

d)

Carbonates

17.

What elements are in all silicates?

CHOOSE ALL THAT ARE CORRECT!

a)

Silicon

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon

d)

Sulfur

e)

Hydrogen

18.

Which of the following are silicates?

CHOOSE ALL THAT ARE CORRECT!

a)

Olivine

b)

Selenite Gypsum

c)

Galena

d)

Talc

19.

Property will show a mineral's "true color," without impurities?

a)

Streak

b)

Hardness

c)

Cleavage/Fracture

d)

Luster

20.

Which of the following properties is the least reliable when identifying a mineral?

a)

Color

b)

Streak color

c)

Hardness

d)

Luster

e)

Cleavage/Fracture

21.

The mineral quartz's color can vary due to

a)

impurities during formation.

b)

pieces of other rocks getting in it.

c)

different samples having completely different compositions.

d)

uneven fracture.

22.

Minerals are identified and classified based on

a)

their physical and chemical properties.

b)

the way they formed.

c)

where they were found.

d)

their age compared with other samples.

23.

Which of the following are characteristics of all minerals?

CHOOSE ALL THAT ARE CORRECT!

a)

Solid

b)

Inorganic

c)

Natural

d)

Fixed composition

e)

Element or compound; Not a mixture

24.

A mineral can be ___________.

CHOOSE ALL THAT ARE CORRECT!

a)

an element

b)

a compound

c)

a mixture

d)

an animal

25.

Which shape is the best model of a silicate structural unit?

a)
b)
c)
d)
26.

Why isn't amber considered a mineral?

a)

It comes from a living thing.

b)

It is not natural.

c)

It is not solid.

d)

It is not large enough.

27.

All of the 5,000+ different known minerals have...

a)

different physical and chemical properties

b)

different physical properties, but similar chemical properties

c)

similar physical properties, but different chemical properties

28.

A mixture of different minerals is called

a)

a rock

b)

a larger mineral

c)

a compound

d)

an interface

29.

Ice can be classified as a mineral because it is/has...

CHOOSE ALL THAT ARE CORRECT!

a)

Solid

b)

Inorganic

c)

Natural

d)

Fixed composition

e)

Element or compound; Not a mixture

30.

The way that this mineral broke best illustrates...

a)

fracture

b)

cleavage

c)

luster

d)

streak

31.

Which medium-grain-sized metamorphic rock is composed mostly of the same mineral as the sedimentary rock limestone?

a)

Gneiss

b)

Marble

c)

Schist

d)

Quartzite

32.

Which rock was subjected to intense heat and pressure but did not solidify from magma?

a)

sandstone

b)

schist

c)

gabbro

d)

rhyolite

33.

Which lettered box could represent the rock conglomerate?

a)

E

b)

G

c)

C

d)

D

34.

Which rock could have formed from the forces represented in this picture?

a)

Gneiss

b)

Hornfels

c)

Shale

d)

Basalt

35.

The fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock in this picture is most likely

a)

rhyolite

b)

diorite

c)

basalt

d)

gabbro

36.

Which graph best shows the relationship between the compositions of different igneous rocks and their densities?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

37.

This diagram indicates physical changes that accompany the conversion of shale to gneiss.

Which geologic process is occurring to cause this conversion?

a)

sedimentary layering

b)

metamorphism

c)

intrusion of magma

d)

weathering

38.

This diagram shows a geologic cross section (side view) of rock layers. Name the rock that will form at the zone of contact metamorphism at location A.

a)

Limestone

b)

Marble

c)

Calcite

d)

Sandstone

39.

This photograph shows rock composed primarily of visible crystals of mica, quartz, and feldspar. Based on the composition and foliated texture, this rock can best be identified as

a)

marble

b)

schist

c)

slate

d)

anthracite coal

40.

Dolostone is classified as which type of rock?

a)

Chemically formed sedimentary rock

b)

Land-derived sedimentary rock

c)

Foliated metamorphic rock

d)

Nonfoliated metamorphic rock

41.

Which rock was organically formed and sometimes contains fossilized plant impressions?

a)

Rock gypsum

b)

Phyllite

c)

Breccia

d)

Coal

42.

Most rock gypsum is formed by the

a)

heating of previously existing foliated bedrock

b)

cooling and solidification of lava

c)

compaction and cementation of sediments

d)

chemical precipitation of minerals from seawater

43.

Which process could lead directly to the formation of pumice rock?

a)

precipitation of minerals from evaporating seawater

b)

metamorphism of unmelted rock material

c)

deposition of quartz sand

d)

explosive eruption of lava from a volcano

44.

Which three minerals are most commonly found in the igneous rock granite?

a)

amphibole, calcite, and hematite

b)

amphibole, biotite mica, and gypsum

c)

plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine

d)

plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, and quartz

45.

This photograph shows the intergrown crystals of a pegmatite rock. Which characteristic provides the best evidence that this pegmatite solidified deep underground?

a)

low density

b)

light color

c)

felsic composition

d)

very coarse texture

46.

Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based primarily on their

a)

texture

b)

crystal or grain size

c)

method of formation

d)

mineral composition

47.

Which physical characteristic best describes the rock phyllite?

a)

glassy texture with gas pockets

b)

clastic texture with angular fragments

c)

bioclastic texture with cemented shell fragments

d)

foliated texture with microscopic mica crystals

48.

Which igneous rock, when weathered, could produce sediment composed of the minerals potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole?

a)

gabbro

b)

granite

c)

andesite

d)

basalt

49.

What observable characteristic could be used to identify this rock sample as gneiss?

a)

Distorted structure

b)

Sedimentary layers

c)

Small crystals

d)

Light and dark colors

50.

Which type of rock is most likely to contains fossils?

a)

Scoria

b)

Gabbro

c)

Schist

d)

Shale

51.

The word "clastic" means

a)

fragmental

b)

foliation

c)

vesicular

d)

crystalline

52.

How do crystalline sedimentary rocks form?

a)

Compaction and cementation of solid sediments.

b)

Extreme heat and pressure.

c)

Solidification of magma or lava.

d)

Evaporation of seawater.

53.

Which type of sedimentary rock forms from living things?

a)

Clastic

b)

Crystallin

c)

Bioclastic

d)

Extrusive

54.

Which is the best characteristic to look at for identifying a Clastic sedimentary rock?

a)

Grain size

b)

Composition

c)

Number of layers

d)

Types of fossils

55.

Which is the best characteristic to look at for identifying a Crystalline sedimentary rock sample?

a)

Grain size

b)

Composition

56.

Sedimentary rocks are the only rock type that can contain

a)

fossils

b)

minerals

c)

crystals

d)

gas pockets

57.

What is the difference between Breccia and Conglomerate?

a)

sediment shape

b)

sediments size

c)

sediment composition

d)

sediment color

58.

Which rock will bubble if you place a drop of acid on it?

a)

Conglomerate

b)

Shale

c)

Rock Gypsum

d)

Limestone

59.

Which rock is made of 0.09 cm fragments?

a)

Conglomerate

b)

Sandstone

c)

Siltstone

d)

Shale

60.

Which rock is made of .003 cm fragments?

a)

Conglomerate

b)

Sandstone

c)

Siltstone

d)

Shale

61.

Which rock forms from evaporation of seawater?

a)

Limestone

b)

Rock Salt

c)

Shale

d)

Sandstone

62.

Which rock is made of a mixture of different sized sediments?

a)

Conglomerate

b)

Sandstone

c)

Dolostone

d)

Limestone

63.

Clastic sedimentary rocks are made of:

a)

Sediments

b)

Crystals

c)

Fossils

d)

Cooled magma

64.

How are sediments (not sedimentary rocks) formed?

a)

Weathering & Erosion

b)

Heat & Pressure

c)

Compaction & Cementation

d)

Melting & Solidification

65.

Which type of sediment (not rock) is made of the smallest particles?

a)

Shale

b)

Clay

c)

Silt

d)

Dolostone

66.

What is bituminous coal made of?

a)

plant remains

b)

rock fragments

c)

crystals from evaporated seawater

d)

various minerals

67.

Sedimentary rocks are the only rock type that can contain

a)

rock fragments

b)

minerals

c)

crystals

d)

gas pockets

68.

Which of the following is the oldest?

a)

the pebbles in the rock.

b)

the cement holding the pebbles together.

c)

the conglomerate rock.

69.

Name the rock that is made of small crystals of gypsum.

a)

Rock Salt

b)

Rock Gypsum

c)

Sandstone

d)

Limestone

70.

A sandstone rock that contains a seashell fossil would be considered

a)

bioclastic

b)

clastic

c)

crystalline

d)

extrusive

71.

This igneous rock's large crystals indicate that it is...

a)

extrusive, and formed deep underground.

b)

intrusive, and formed near the surface.

c)

intrusive, and formed deep underground.

d)

extrusive, and formed near the surface.

72.

What is the difference between Rhyolite and Granite?

a)

crystal size

b)

shape

c)

density

d)

composition

73.

Which mineral is NEVER found in Basalt?

a)

Pyroxene

b)

Olivine

c)

Quartz

d)

Amphibole

74.

On the ESRT, what does the word "texture" mean?

a)

How the rock feels.

b)

The crystal size.

c)

The mineral composition.

d)

The color.

75.

Which igneous rock is most likely found at the surface of a volcano?

a)

Scoria

b)

Gabbro

c)

Pegmatite

d)

Granite

76.

A rock that has is "vesicular"...

a)

has a dark color.

b)

is very dense.

c)

formed deep underground.

d)

has gas pockets.

77.

Which is another word for "intrusive?"

a)

Plutonic

b)

Volcanic

c)

Vesicular

d)

Extrusive

78.

Extrusive rocks have...

a)

small crystals because they cool slowly.

b)

small crystals because they cool quickly.

c)

large crystals because they cool slowly.

d)

large crystals because they cool quickly.

79.

A rock that cools slowly will have...

a)

small crystals.

b)

large crystals.

80.

A glassy texture means the rock...

a)

feels like glass.

b)

is transparent.

c)

breaks easily.

d)

is non-crystalline.

81.

All of the following are true of "felsic" rocks EXCEPT:

a)

Light color

b)

Low density

c)

Rich in iron & magnesium

d)

Contain the mineral quartz

82.

Which of the following is a Mafic rock?

a)

Basalt

b)

Andesite

c)

Rhyolite

d)

Diorite

83.

Granite, Pumice, and Pegmatite all...

a)

have the same crystal size.

b)

are vesicular.

c)

are felsic.

d)

contain pyroxene.

84.

What is the crystal size of Peridotite?

a)

non-crystalline

b)

less than 1 mm

c)

1-10 mm

d)

10 mm or larger

85.

Name the rock that has 5 mm crystals and contains a lot of quartz.

a)

Granite

b)

Rhyolite

c)

Gabbro

d)

Andesite

86.

Name the rock that has a dark color, no crystals, and has gas pockets.

a)

Pumice

b)

Basaltic Glass

c)

Scoria

d)

Basalt

87.

Name the rock that has a lower density, formed near Earth's surface, has tiny crystals you can see with a magnifying glass, but no gas pockets.

a)

Obsidian

b)

Vesicular Rhyolite

c)

Basalt

d)

Rhyolite

88.

Which rock contains ONLY olivine?

a)

Dunite

b)

Peridotite

c)

Gabbro

d)

Granite

89.

Igneous rocks form from

a)

cooling of lava or magma.

b)

compaction and cementation of sediments.

c)

extreme heat and pressure.

d)

evaporation of seawater.

90.

Which rock cooled most slowly?

a)

Obsidian

b)

Rhyolite

c)

Granite

d)

Pegmatite

91.

Metamorphic rocks are the only type that

a)

can be vesicular.

b)

can have foliation.

c)

can have fossils.

d)

can have crystals.

92.

Which are processes that form metamorphic rocks?

a)

Heat & Pressure

b)

Melting & Solidification

c)

Compaction & Cementation

d)

Weathering & Erosion

93.

Mineral alignment and banding are types of

a)

foliation

b)

grain sizes

c)

compositions

d)

environments of formation

94.

Contact metamorphism takes place...

a)

over a large area, and involves only heat.

b)

over a large area, and involves heat and pressure.

c)

over a smaller area, and involves only heat.

d)

over a smaller area, and involves heat and pressure.

95.

Regional metamorphism takes place...

a)

over a large area, and involves only heat.

b)

over a large area, and involves heat and pressure.

c)

over a smaller area, and involves only heat.

d)

over a smaller area, and involves heat and pressure.

96.

The best way to distinguish between Quartzite and Marble is to determine...

a)

texture

b)

grain size

c)

composition

d)

type of metamorphism

97.

Which rock can form from contact metamorphism?

a)

Slate

b)

Schist

c)

Anthracite Coal

d)

Marble

98.

Which metamorphic rock goes through the LEAST amount of heat and pressure?

a)

Slate

b)

Phyllite

c)

Schist

d)

Gneiss

99.

Which type of rock may form from hot lava flowing over limestone?

a)

Marble

b)

Quartzite

c)

Phyllite

d)

Gneiss

100.

Which rock may form when shale is exposed to extreme heat and pressure?

a)

Slate

b)

Schist

c)

Metaconglomerate

d)

Hornfels

101.

The "Map Symbols" on the ESRT...

a)

represent what all the rocks look like.

b)

do not represent what all the rocks look like.

102.

Which rock is formed when sandstone is exposed to extreme heat and pressure?

a)

Marble

b)

Phyllite

c)

Quartzite

d)

Metaconglomerate

103.

Which rock was originally made from living things?

a)

Anthracite coal

b)

Schist

c)

Quartzite

d)

Gneiss

104.

Which rock will bubble if you put acid on it?

a)

Marble

b)

Quartzite

c)

Slate

d)

Anthracite Coal

105.

Which rock is made of ALL mica?

a)

Slate

b)

Phyllite

c)

Schist

d)

Gneiss

106.

This metamorphic rock is...

a)

Foliated

b)

NonFoliated

c)

There is no way to tell

107.

This metamorphic rock is...

a)

Foliated

b)

NonFoliated

c)

There is no way to tell

108.

This metamorphic rock is...

a)

Foliated

b)

NonFoliated

c)

There is no way to tell

109.

Which feature is visible in this metamorphic rock?

a)

distorted structure

b)

vesicular texture

c)

contact metamorphism

d)

cementation

110.

Which rock can form from regional metamorphism?

a)

Slate

b)

Hornfels

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