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WorksheetsAPES Fall Semester Exam Review
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 4hrs 40mins
Which of the following is a decomposer in a food web?
Bacteria and fungi
Lions and tigers
Trees and plants
Birds and fish
In a food chain, which trophic level contains the primary consumers?
Fourth trophic level
Tenth trophic level
Primary trophic level
Second trophic level
Which biome is characterized by moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation?
Tundra
Temperate deciduous forest
Desert
Tropical rainforest
What is the process by which phosphorus is cycled through the environment?
Weathering, leaching, uptake, decomposition, and runoff
Photosynthesis, respiration, evaporation, condensation
Erosion, sedimentation, condensation, precipitation
Fossilization, combustion, condensation, precipitation
Which biome is characterized by high temperatures and high precipitation?
Tundra
Desert
Temperate deciduous forest
Tropical rainforest
An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each treatment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of
100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.
The treatments planted with only wheat are the
sample size.
control.
environmental variable.
null hypothesis.
replication.
An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes
only biotic components
only abiotic components
interacting biotic and abiotic components
positive and negative feedback loops
Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)
organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population
organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem
population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism
A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
What law best relates to energy loss within an ecosystem?
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics
Law of conservation of matter
A positive feedback loop occurs
when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state
when feedback into a system decreases a rate of response
when a system is in a steady state
when feedback into a system increases a rate of response
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate grassland/cold desert
Woodland/shrubland
The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents
the flow of energy from organism B to A
the movement of organisms
the directionality of the sun
the flow of energy from organism A to B
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?
Hydrolic Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Sulfur Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.
Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration
photosynthesis; cellular respiration
photosynthesis; photosynthesis
In the Nitrogen cycle, what is one Natural way that Nitrogen gets into our soil?
Fertilizers
Human Waste through septic tanks
Decomposing animals
Industrial waste
Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Predation
Competition
This biome is considered to have the lowest primary productivity per square area
Open ocean
Wetlands
Coral Reefs
Rivers
The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are
weathering and erosion
erosion and deposition
evaporation and transpiration
photosynthesis and respiration
fixation and denitrification
Select the choice that best fits each statement.
Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins.
Denitrification
Assimilation
Ammonification
Nitrogen fixation
In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to primary consumers?
1.5 Kcal
150 kcal
1,500 kcal
13,500 kcal
What are the three main parts of Biodiversity? (Check all that apply)
Endangered
Species
Genetic
High Risk
Ecosystem
Species that are clearly critical to the functioning of an ecosystem are known as
biodiversity
keystone species
main species
native species
A common type of succession that occurs where an event such as a forest fire has occurred, or a farmer's field has been abandoned is called
common succession
primary succession
secondary succession
Quaternary succession
Describes differences in DNA among individuals of a population or species.
Subspecies
Genetic Isolation
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Biodiversity is greater
Near the poles
In the Tundra
In the desert
Near the equator
Which of the following statements is true?
Primary succession is followed by secondary succession
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists
Volcanoes creating igneous rock formations lay based for primary succession to take place
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They aren't.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
Organisms that make physical changes and help create habitats are known as
Invasive species
Keystone species
Foundation species
Endangered species
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have more biodiversity
Small islands have more species
Small islands have less resources
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Animals Islands closer to mainland will migrate successfully and there will be more diversity
Animals will fly to far away mainland and there will be more diversity
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
Which of the following has a negative impact on biodiversity?
Accidental introduction of invasive species
Burning fossil fuels
Burning the Amazon forest
Population growth
Overconsumption
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
These organisms typically live in unstable, unpredictable environments & are able to reproduce rapidly (exponentially). They do not take care of their young & are subject to predation.
k-strategist
r-strategist
m-strategist
s-strategist
What point on the graph represents the carrying capacity?
A
B
C
D
What factor describes when populations decrease because animals are moving out of a population?
Emigration
Limiting Factors
Immigration
Exponential Growth
Which of the following are examples of a density independent factors?
forest fire
seasonal cycles
storms
disease
Which of the following are density dependent factors?
competition for resources
predation
disease
natural disasters
Is this country Developed or Developing?
Developed
Developing
What growth rate does this population pyramid represent?
Rapid Growth
Slow Growth
Negative Growth
Zero Growth
What age groups does the bottom of a population pyramid represent?
The elderly
The working adults
The children
Males
Which population has the greatest potential for rapid growth?
Populations with a large number of middle aged individuals
Older populations
Populations with large numbers of young offspring
None of these
When a population has unlimited resources, and it continues to grow to its FULL LIVING POTENTIAL, it is called
Peak
Top shelf
Resource controlled limit
Biotic potential
What growth model has an S-shaped curve?
Logistic
Exponential
What growth model has an J-shaped curve?
Logistic
Exponential
A pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age.
Type i survivorship
Type ii survivorship
Type iii survivorship
A pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span.
Type ii survivorship
Type i survivorship
Type iii survivorship
A pattern of survival over time in which there is low survivorship early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood.
Type III survivorship
Type II survivorship
Type I survivorship
Organisms adapted to narrow habitats, limited food resources, or other specific environmental conditions.
Specialist
Generalist
Human population growth in 2020 was 0.98 %. If this growth were to remain constant in what year will the human population double?
2051
2091
2109
9120
Human population growth of Mozambique in 2021 was 2.8. If growth remains constant, in what year will the human population double?
(a)
In 2004 China's CBR was 11.8 the CDR was 6.3. what is the growth rate for China in 2004?
0.38%
0.49%
0.55%
0.68%
Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition form a rural to an urbanized society?
Reduced birth rates
Reduced need for sewage-treatment facilities
Increased rates of population growth
Increased air quality in urban areas
Increased stabilization of microclimate in urban areas.
What stage is this country in?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Which correctly describes the term demographic transition?
The transition from low birth rates and death rates to high birth rates and death rates as a country develops.
The transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates as a country develops.
The transition from high birth rates to low death rates as a country develops.
The transition from low birth rates to high death rates as a country develops.
The rate at which water flows through the soil is called soil percolation or ______.
Groundwater
Permeability
Soil Pores
Porosity
What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point X ?
5% Sand, 95% Silt, 5% Clay
5% Sand, 20% Silt, 5% Clay
65% Sand, 30% Silt, 10% Clay
60% Sand, 30% Silt, 10% Clay
A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....
Pull apart
Come together
Slide past each other
subducting
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
Earthquake
Volcano Eruption
Tornado
Mountain Building
Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that
the oceanic crust is melting.
the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust
volcanic islands are forming.
the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
What is the correct sequence of layers of the earth's atmosphere from earth's surface to space?
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere.
troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere.
stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
Which two factors allow earth to experience four distinct seasons?
latitude & solar intensity
tilt of axis & rotation of axis
tilt of axis & rotation around sun
distance from sun & place in orbit around sun
In which layer of the atmosphere does weather take place?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Which gas is there the most of in the atmosphere?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following items has the highest albedo?
Asphalt
Grass
Rooftops
Snow
I. variation in the angle of sunlight that reaches Earth
II. variation in the amount of surface area over which the Sun's rays are distributed
III. variation in the amount of sunlight reflected from clouds
ENSO events take place in which ocean basin?
Atlantic
Indian
Pacific
Arctic
The Green Revolution was
a dramatic increase in crop yields in developing countries
change to more sustainable agriculture
way of fighting soil erosion
power grab by the Green party in the 1980s
Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are
erosion and desertification
eutrophication and increased methane production
higher fire potential and increased productivity
higher primary productivity and ammonification
Which is true about aquaculturing?
The amount of aquacultured fish has decreased significantly in favor of wild-caught fish.
Aquaculturing requires the same inputs as other forms of animal agriculture, including feed and antibiotics.
Aquaculture operations do not affect the surrounding ecosystem in any adverse way.
All of the above are true.
What type of fishing has baited hooks are attached to a single fishing line that trails behind a ship
Pole Fishing
Long Line Fishing
Purse Seining
Trawling
Which of these is NOT an environmental concern of farming fish?
Introducing pesticides, herbicides and antibiotics into the environment
Transferring disease from farmed fish to wild fish and vica versa
Increasing waste in slow moving water
Potentially introducing native fish into the wild
Which of the following is an example of the "Tragedy of the Commons"?
conserving water by turning off the tap
carpooling to work or school
secondhand smoke in a public park
deforestation on private land
excessive noise throughout an industrial factory
Industrial logging in a deciduous forest can cause...
an increase in atmospheric CO2
a decrease in flooding
an increase in atmospheric O2
an increase in ecological services
When irrigation water evaporates, salts are left behind on the soil surface and can cause plant death or lead to
soil salinization
desertification
waterlogging
monocropping
IPM is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT
intercropping.
habitat creation for pest predators.
planting herbicide-resistant crops.
increased use of traditional pesticides.
One of the advantages to using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is
reduce the need for pesticides
they are not regulated by the government
the concern about safety to consume
they can cause food allergies
Which of the following type of tree harvesting is the most detrimental to the environment?
Strip Cutting
Selective Cutting
Clear Cutting
Partial Harvest
Removes single trees or a relatively small number of trees from the larger forest
Tree specialization
Selective cutting
Forest consumption
Selective trees
The practice of planting a nitrogen-using plant with a nitrogen-fixing plant is called:
intercropping
contour farming
agroforestry
monoculture
Based on the data, which of the following policies would most likely make the greatest reduction in the ecological footprint for all of the cities shown in the graph?
Setting higher fuel efficiency standards for vehicles
Increasing the cost to use public transportation
Offering tax incentives to individuals who recycle clothing and home goods
Subsidizing the cost of solar panel installation for homeowners
Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?
Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas
Individuals living in cities usually have greater access to fresh, local agricultural products than individuals living in rural areas.
Individuals living in cities have more varied employment opportunities than individuals living in rural areas.
Individuals living in cities have greater access to health care than individuals living in rural areas.
A sustainable solution to urban growth
suburban growth
stopping growth
building up
urban heat island
Sustainability means
having enough resources to survive
living in a way that there is enough resource for now and future generations
living in a way that everyone is wealthy and has the lifestyle they deserve
Use of this method of control requires concentrations to be increased often because pest develop resistance
GMOs
Pestsides
plant removal
control burning
Which of the following is the leading use of water globally?
Domestic/Residential
Industry
Business/Commercial
Agriculture
Which one of these methods is used in IPM and is also called biocontrol?
increasing fertilizer use to improve crop yield per hectare
introducing natural predators of a pest species to decrease their crop damage
using pesticides earlier in the season to increase their effectiveness
growing monocultures so that crops will be easier to manage
Integrated pest management is likely to use all of the following EXCEPT
crop rotation
intercropping
planting herbicide resistant crops
using traditional chemical pesticides
