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Worksheetspathophysiology: inflammation
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 19mins
select all that apply for first line of defense
skin
tears
lyozome
external barriers
select all that apply for the second line of defense
nonspecific
attacks any cells that are not self
inflammation
phagocytosis
select all that apply for third line of defense
specific
stimulates production of antibodies
happens after exposure to a pathogen
involves interferons
define inflammation
serves as a warning sign
a nonspecific bodily defense used to localize and rid of an agent
goes hand in hand with infection
characterized by edema, erythema, warmth, pain, and possible LOF
what is ischemia?
characterized by edema and erythema
can result in tissue necrosis
indicative of infection
inadequate blood flow to tissues
define infarction
micro-organisms are present at the site
due to obstructed blood flow or inadequate blood supply
a nonspecific response to a pathogen
injury or death of tissue
define hyperemia
increased blood flow to area, results in an excess pooling of blood
a chemical mediator that triggers inflammation
presents itself as pain, edema, and erythema
decreased blood flow and tissue death
select all LOCAl effects of inflammation
loss of function and pain
redness and warmth
edema and drainage
malaise
Select all SYSTEMIC effects of inflammation
pyrexia
malasie, fatigue
emesis and nausea
pain
select complications of inflammation
local complications such as joint stiffness and pain
skeletal muscle spasms
infection as inflammed tissue is easier to penetrate
additional pain and pressure
what do esinophils do?
participate in allergic reactions
phagocytosis
move to inflammed tissue and trap bacteria
release histamine
what does histamine do?
increases plasma proteins and reduces fever
causes immediate vasodilation and increased capillaru permeability
causes vasodilation and pain sensation
attacts neutrophils to the site
what do leukotrienes do?
activates neutrophils and secretes histamine
increased vasodilation and chemotaxis
causes pain sensation and leukocytosis
increase plasma proteins induce fever, and increase erythrocyte sedimentation
what does prostaglandis do?
induces vasodilation, increases capilary permeability, and pyrexia
induces pain and chemotaxis as well as increases plasma proteins
attracts neutrophils and mast cells to the site of inflammation
what does the blood plasma protein kinogen do?
vasodilation
induces chemotaxis
blood coagulation
smooth muscle contraction
what does the complement system do?
causes vasodilation and an increased release of histamine
injects cell membrane of and kills microbes
labels pathogen for destruction
activates inflammation
how does acetylasalicylic acid (asprin) treat inflammation?
decreases prostaglandis synthesis
has an analgesic effect
has an antipyretic effect
decreases capillary permeability
how does acetaminophen (tylenol) treat inflammation?
reduces number of leukocytes in the blood
diminishes inflammatory response by stimulating constriction of blood vessles
an analgeisc and antpyretic
decreases release of histmaine
how do cortiosteroids treat inflammation?
relate to the hormones naturally produced by the adrenal glands
decrease capillary peremability
reduces number of mast cells and decreases release of histamine
blocks the immune response at the site
select adverse effects of corticosteroids
destruction of lymphatic tissue
delayed healing
retention of sodium and increased BP
decrease in blood sugar
what does RICE stand for?
rest, ischemia, cold, elevation
rest inadequate bloood flow, compartment swelling, erythema
rest, ice, compression, elevation
redness, ischemia, cyanosis, edema
healing: resolution
occurs when there is full-thickness skin loss
occurs when there is minimal tissue damage
damaged tissue is replaced via proliferation over time
damaged cells return to normal after a short period of time
factors that promote healing...
proper protein and vitamin A/C intake
excessive mobility = circulates lymph and rids of pathogens faster due to muscle pump
adequate levels of hemoglobin
clean, undisturbed wound
what type of burn is:
- partial thickness
- red, edematous, blistered
- sensitive
- appears waxy and shiny
first degree
third degree
second degree
unstageable
what type of burn is:
- full thickness
- destruction of skin and tissue layers
- appears charred, may be presence of eschar
- wound bed is hard and dry
- initially painless due to destruction of nerves
fourth degree, life threatening
second degree
unstageable
third degree
burn injuries are prone to infection and should be covered
false
true
NO bleeding occurs with burn injuries as blood is coagulated by heat
true
false
hypermetabolism occurs with burn injuries (increased intake of carbs and protein)
false
true
