Mitochondrial damage with ATP depletion may lead to necrosis.

DNA repair principles in order is Recognition -> Removal -> Ligation -> Repair

Mutagens cause DNA damage by affecting the coding sequences of critical genes.

Cellular damage caused by epigenetic mechanisms is non-genotoxic.

If an initiating carcinogen mutates the DNA, the cell must progress to cancer.

Inhibition of acetycholinesterase by organophosphates will cause overstimulation of cholinergic receptors.

In OPs poisoning management, Atropine facilitates dephosphorylation of the AChE, thus restoring its catalytic site to its function.

Lead inhibit the ferrochelatase enzyme which results in accumulation of protophorphyrin IX - as the erythrocytes containing protoporphyrin IX circulate, zinc is chelated at the site usually occupied by iron.

Antivenom therapy works by the concept of antibody binding to protein.

One of the hepatoxicity monitoring parameters is the glomerular filtration rate.

Benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen. It is a potential teratogen.