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WorksheetsProgramming Logic and Design, 5th edition. Ch 1- 4
Total questions: 168
Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins
The main components of a computer are?
Hardware
Hardware and Software
Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Software
What is a flag variable?
A flag is a variable signal that sets to False
A flag is a variable that signals when some condition exists in the program.
A flag is a variable signal that sets to True
A flag is a variable that signals when some condition starts in the program
What values can you store in a Boolean variable?
True or False
Yes or No
Fact or Fiction
You need to write a multiple alternative decision structure, but the language you are using will not allow you to perform the test you need in a Select Case statement. What can you do to achieve the same results?
the program jumps out of the structure.
the program will branch to the Case 1: section and execute the Display "Error: Invalid month" statement that immediately follows it.
the program branches to the Case statement
the program branches to the Default statement and executes the statements that immediately follow it.
What does the case structure test, in order to determine which set of statements to execute?
test If the testExpression does not match any of the Case values
test if there is one or more blocks of statements that begin with a Case statement.
test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execute.
tests if the model number can be stored in a variable
How do you write a multiple alternative decision structure in pseudocode?
How does a dual alternative decision structure work?
is an expression that can be evaluated to True or False using a relational operator (>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=)
one path is taken if a condition is true, and the other path is taken if the condition is false
One path is taken if the condition evaluates True, the other if the condition evaluates False. See the answer to 4.8. It's the same question!
When you write an If-Then-Else statement, under what circumstances do the statements that appear between Else and End If execute?
If the expression is false
If the expression is true
What statement do you use in pseudocode to write a dual alternative decision structure?
If Else
Else If
Else
If-Then-Else
How does a dual alternative decision structure work?
a decision structure will execute one group of statements if its Boolean expression is true, or another group if its Boolean expression is false.
is any Boolean expression. If the expression is true, the statements that appear next are executed, up to the line that reads Else.
two possible paths of execution—one path is taken if a condition is true, and the other path is taken if the condition is false
Write a pseudocode If-Then statement that assigns 0.2 to commission if sales is greater than or equal to 10,000
If sales = 100,000
Set commission > 0.2
End if
If sales >= 10,000
Set commission = 0.2
End if
If sales = 10,000
Set commission < 0.2
End if
If sales >= 10,000
Set commission <= 0.2
End if
Write a pseudocode If-Then statement that assigns 0 to x if y is equal to 20
If y = 0 Then
Set x = y
End if
If y >= 20 Then
Set x > 0
End if
If y <= 20 Then
Set x = y
End if
If y = 20 Then
Set x = 0
End if
What types of relationships between values can you test with relational operators?
Greater than
Less than
>=
Greater than or equal to
<=
Less than or equal to
==
Equal to
What is a Boolean expression?
a flowchart showing human actions, not program statements
a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes
All programming languages allow you to create expressions that can be evaluated as either true or false
allows a program to perform actions only under certain conditions
What is a single alternative decision structure?
provides only one alternative path of execution
a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes
a Boolean expression
a flowchart showing human actions, not program statements
Computers can do many different jobs because they are ________.
reliable
electronic
automated
programmable
A computer program is ________.
a set of instructions that allow the computer to solve a problem or perform a task
the same as main memory
another name for an operating system
only used for desktop computers
________ is an extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII.
Floating-point notation
Unicode
RAM
Assembly language
A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.
True
False
A(n) ________ is a software package that usually consists of a text editor, a compiler or interpreter, and tools to test and debug programs.
CPU
IDE
storage device
compiler
The instruction set for a microprocessor is unique and is typically understood only by the microprocessors of the same brand.
True
False
The computer language that uses mnemonics for writing programs is ________.
Pascal
Assembly
Ada
Java
The term software refers to all the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of.
True
False
Each different type of CPU has its own ________.
syntax
machine language
high-level language
software
________ is the term used for a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program.
Grammar
Semantics
Key words
Syntax
What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?
8
128
255
16
The ________ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program.
execute - fetch - decode
decode - fetch - execute
decode - execute - fetch
fetch - decode - execute
In a flowchart the symbol that represents an assignment statement is an oval.
True
False
What symbol is used to mark the beginning and end of a string?
a slash ( / )
an asterisk ( * )
a semicolon ( ; )
a quote mark ( " )
An uninitialized variable is a variable that has been declared and automatically initialized to zero.
True
False
Which of the following is not a variable data type?
String
Integer
Numeral
Real
A(n) ________ is a name that represents a value which cannot be changed during the program's execution.
input variable
uninitialized variable
named constant
named variable
What is the error in the following pseudocode?
Declare Integer widgets
Declare Real cost
Set widgets = 3.5
Set cost = widgets * 5
There is no error.
widgets has been declared as an Integer and cannot hold a floating-point value.
widgets is an invalid variable name for this code.
You cannot mix a Real variable and an Integer variable in a program.
What term is used for a string that appears in the actual code of a program?
str
string literal
any of these
virtual string
A(n) ________ is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program.
algorithm
code list
pseudocode document
flowchart
A variable is a storage location in memory that is represented by a name and can hold different values during the execution of the program.
True
False
What is the first step of the program development cycle?
test executable code
write the code
design the program
correct syntax errors
________ is the informal language used by programmers to create models of programs.
Source code
Flowcharting
Pseudocode
Algorithm
What is the value of the variable result in the following expression?
Set result = ( 6 + 8) / 4 * 2
10
7
28
22
What is the value of the following expression?
12 - 4 * 3 / 2 + 9
21
2.18
15
-6
What is a program
The central processing unit
A task a computer performs
small chips known as microprocessors
read-only memory
What are the five major components of a computer system
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Main Memory
Secondary storage devices
Input devices
Output devices
What part of the computer actually runs programs?
The central processing unit, or CPU
Main Memory
Secondary storage
Universal Serial Bus drives, or USB drives
What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?
Input device
Solid state drives
Main Memory
The central processing unit (CPU)
What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?
Universal Serial Bus drives, or USB drives
Memory chips
keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, ect.
Secondary storage
What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?
Flash drives
Input Devices
Output Devices
Microprocessors
What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?
Output Devices
Cloud storage
Input Devices
ENIAC
What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?
One byte
Two byte
Three byte
Four byte
What do you call a tiny “switch” that can be set to either on or off?
Bit, Binary Digit
Data
Binary Numbering System.
In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?
Floating-point notation
Binary numbering system
Digital data
What is the purpose of ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)?
a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.
quickly becoming the standard character set used in the computer industry.
coding schemes have been developed to represent characters in computer memory.
binary numbering system
What encoding scheme is extensive to represent all the characters of all the languages in the world?
ASCII
Unicode
What do the terms “digital data” and “digital device” mean?
used to describe anything that uses binary numbers.
any device that works with binary data
data that is stored in binary
broken into small pieces known as samples
A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?
high-level language
machine language
assembly language
programming language
A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?
Execute
Decode
Main Memory
RAM
When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?
Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle.
Execute-Fetch-Decode Cycle
Decode-Fetch-Execute Cycle.
What is assembly language?
machine language program.
short words that are known as mnemonics.
What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?
Low-level language.
High-level language
Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?
Syntax
Statements
High-level language
What do you call a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?
Interpreter
Compiler
Integrated development environments
What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program?
Interpreter
Compiler
Statements
What type of mistake is usually caused by a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?
Software error
Syntax error
Programming error
What fundamental set of programs controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware?
Operating Systems.
Utility Programs
Software Development Tools.
What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?
Operating Systems
Utility Programs
Software Development Tools
Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?
System Software
Application Software
What System Software is used to creat, modify, and test software?
Operating Systems
Utility Programs
Software Development Tools
Who is a programmer’s customer?
person
group
organization
programmer
What is a software requirement?
someone who is paying you to write a program
single function that the program must perform in order to satisfy the customer
steps that must be taken to perform the task
mistake that does not prevent the program from running
What is an algorithm?
Pour the desired amount of water into a pot.
Put the pot on a stove burner.
Turn the burner to high.
Watch the water until you see large bubbles rapidly rising. When this happens, the water is boiling.
pseudocode and flowcharts
diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program
set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task
What is pseudocode?
fake code
real code
high-level code
low-level code
What is a flowchart?
A diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program.
terminal symbols
a small circle with a letter or number written inside it.
What are each of the following symbols in a flowchart?
ovals, which appear at the top and bottom of the flowchart, are called terminal symbols.
off-page connector symbol to connect the pieces of the flowchart.
parallelograms, which are used for both input symbols and output symbols
rectangles, which are called processing symbols.
What are the three operations that programs typically perform?
Input is received.
Some process is performed on the input.
Output is produced.
high-level languages.
What is an IPO chart?
input
processing
output
program
What is a sequence structure?
When a string appears in the actual code of a program (or in pseudocode)
a sequence of characters that is used as data
logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes.
A set of statements that execute in the order that they appear
What is a string?
What is a string literal?
a sequence of characters that is used as data
string appears in the actual code of a program
simply any hypothetical person that is using a program and providing input for it.
uppercase characters that appear in a name are sometimes reminiscent of a camel’s humps.
A string literal is usually enclosed inside a set of what characters?
quote marks
quotation marks
What is a variable?
simple but effective tool that programmers commonly use while designing programs.
logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes.
storage location in memory that is represented by a name.
message that tells (or asks) the user to enter a specific value.
What are three common rules for naming variables?
Variable names must be one word. They cannot contain spaces.
The program pauses and waits for the user to type something on the keyboard, and then press the Enter key.
In most languages, punctuation characters cannot be used in variable names. It is usually a good idea to use only alphabetic letters and numbers in variable names.
In most languages, the first character of a variable name cannot be a number.
What variable naming convention do most programmers use?
camelCase
underscore character
Look at the following pseudocode statement:
Input temperatureWhat happens when this statement executes?
It will display what temperature is entered
Does nothing
Who is the user?
simply any hypothetical person that is using a program and providing input for it
simple but effective tool that programmers commonly use while designing programs.
logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes.
storage location in memory that is represented by a name.
What is a prompt?
logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes.
simple but effective tool that programmers commonly use while designing programs.
message that tells (or asks) the user to enter a specific value.
storage location in memory that is represented by a name.
What two steps usually take place when a program prompts the user for input?
The first character of the second and subsequent words is written in uppercase.
Display a prompt on the screen.
Read a value from the keyboard.
Variable names must be one word. They cannot contain spaces.
What does the term user-friendly mean?
storage location in memory that is represented by a name.
logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes.
simple but effective tool that programmers commonly use while designing programs.
commonly used in the software business to describe programs that are easy to use.
message that tells (or asks) the user to enter a specific value.
What is an assignment statement?
assignment statement appears in a processing symbol
sets a variable to a specified value
common calculation in computer programming.
determining the average of a group of values
When you assign a value to a variable, what happens to any value that is already stored in the variable?
When you store a value in a variable, that value replaces the previous value that was in the variable.
The outcome variable could be assigned either 6 or 14, depending on when the division takes place.
statement to perform the calculation and store the result in the average variable:
Set average = (test1 + test2 + test3) / 3Summarize the mathematical order of operations, as it works in most programming languages.
1. Perform any operations that are enclosed in parentheses.
2. Perform any operations that use the exponent operator to raise a number to a power.
3. Perform any multiplications, divisions, or modulus operations as they appear from left to right.
4. Perform any additions or subtractions as they appear from left to right.
What is the purpose of the exponent operator?
sometimes the ** characters are used
The ∧ symbol is commonly used
the % character is used
additional algebraic expressions
What is the purpose of the modulus operator?
sometimes the ** characters are used
MOD:
Divides one number by another and gives the remainder
The ∧ symbol is commonly used
the % character is used
What two items do you usually specify with a variable declaration?
This blank line does not affect the way the program works because most compilers and interpreters ignore blank lines.
statement typically causes the variable to be created in memory.
The variable’s data type
The variable’s name
Does it matter where you write the variable declarations in a program?
Yes
No
What is variable initialization?
When you declare a variable, you can optionally assign a value to it in the declaration statement
use a blank line to separate a group of variable declaration statements from the rest of the statements in a program.
simply the type of data that the variable will hold.
statement that typically specifies the variable’s name, the variable’s data type
What is an uninitialized variable?
Integer, Real, and String.
can cause logic errors that are hard to find in a program.
a statement that typically specifies the variable’s name, the variable’s data type
variable that has been declared, but has not been initialized or assigned a value.
Do uninitialized variables pose any danger in a program?
can cause logic errors that are hard to find in a program.
statement that typically specifies the variable’s name, the variable’s data type
common cause of logic errors in programs
unpredictable values such as this as “garbage.”
What is external documentation?
appears as comments in a program’s code
designed for the user
What is internal documentation?
appears as comments in a program’s code.
typically designed for the user.
What are the two general types of comments that programmers write in a program’s code?
External documentation is typically designed for the user.
Internal documentation appears as comments in a program’s code.
Block comments take up several lines and are used when lengthy explanations are required.
Computers can do many different jobs because they are ________.
reliable
electronic
automated
programmable
A computer program is ________.
a set of instructions that allow the computer to solve a problem or perform a task
the same as main memory
another name for an operating system
only used for desktop computers
________ is an extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII.
Floating-point notation
Unicode
RAM
Assembly language
A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.
True
False
A(n) ________ is a software package that usually consists of a text editor, a compiler or interpreter, and tools to test and debug programs.
CPU
IDE
storage device
compiler
The instruction set for a microprocessor is unique and is typically understood only by the microprocessors of the same brand.
True
False
The computer language that uses mnemonics for writing programs is ________.
Pascal
Assembly
Ada
Java
The term software refers to all the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of.
True
False
Each different type of CPU has its own ________.
syntax
machine language
high-level language
software
________ is the term used for a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program.
Grammar
Semantics
Key words
Key words
What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?
8
128
255
16
The ________ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program.
execute - fetch - decode
decode - fetch - execute
decode - execute - fetch
fetch - decode - execute
In a flowchart the symbol that represents an assignment statement is an oval.
True
False
What symbol is used to mark the beginning and end of a string?
a slash ( / )
an asterisk ( * )
a semicolon ( ; )
a quote mark ( " )
An uninitialized variable is a variable that has been declared and automatically initialized to zero.
True
False
Which of the following is not a variable data type?
String
Integer
Numeral
Real
A(n) ________ is a name that represents a value which cannot be changed during the program's execution.
input variable
uninitialized variable
named constant
named variable
What is the error in the following pseudocode?
Declare Integer widgets
Declare Real cost
Set widgets = 3.5
Set cost = widgets * 5
There is no error.
widgets has been declared as an Integer and cannot hold a floating-point value.
widgets is an invalid variable name for this code.
You cannot mix a Real variable and an Integer variable in a program.
What term is used for a string that appears in the actual code of a program?
Str
string literal
any of these
virtual string
A(n) ________ is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program.
algorithm
code list
pseudocode document
flowchart
A variable is a storage location in memory that is represented by a name and can hold different values during the execution of the program.
True
False
What is the first step of the program development cycle?
test executable code
write the code
design the program
correct syntax errors
________ is the informal language used by programmers to create models of programs.
Source code
Flowcharting
Pseudocode
Algorithm
What is the value of the variable result in the following expression?
Set result = ( 6 + 8 ) / 4 * 2
10
7
28
22
What is the value of the following expression?
12 - 4 * 3 / 2 + 9
21
2.18
15
-6
What is a module?large task is divided into several smaller tasks that are easily performed.
group of statements that exist for the purpose of performing a specific task within a program.
If a specific operation is performed in several places in a program, a module can be written once to perform that operation, and then be executed any time it is needed.
What is meant by the phrase “divide and conquer” for a module?
a large task is divided into several smaller tasks that are easily performed.
writing the code to perform a task once and then reusing it each time you need to perform the task.
unmodularized program tends to be simpler, smaller, and easier to understand.
How do modules help you reuse code in a program?
you are writing the code to perform a task once and then reusing it each time you need to perform the task.
group of statements that exist for the purpose of performing a specific task within a program.
is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
group of statements that exist within a program for the purpose of performing a specific task
How can modules make the development of multiple programs faster?
is a group of statements that exist for the purpose of performing a specific task within a program.
is a group of statements that exist within a program for the purpose of performing a specific task.
is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
modules can be written for the commonly needed tasks, and those modules can be incorporated into each program that needs them
How can modules make it easier for programs to be developed by teams of programmers?
modules can be written for the commonly needed tasks, and those modules can be incorporated into each program that needs them.
When a program is developed as a set of modules that each perform an individual task, then different programmers can be assigned the job of writing different module
A modularized program is easier to maintain than an unmodularized program because its code tends to be simpler, smaller, and easier to understand.
Programmers can test each module in a program individually, to determine whether it correctly performs its operation.
Describe the steps involved in the top-down design process
a header
a body
a footer
a terminator
What is a local variable? How is access to a local variable restricted?
An error will occur if a statement in one module tries to access a local variable that belongs to another module.
local variables with the same names cannot see each other’s local variables
a variable that is declared inside a module
Different modules can have local variables with the same names because the modules cannot see each other’s local variables.
What is a variable’s scope?
the part of a program in which a variable may be accessed.
A variable is visible only to statements inside the variable’s__
usually begins at the variable’s declaration and ends at the end of the module in which the variable is declared
Is it usually permissible to have more than one variable with the same name in the same scope? Why or why not?
Yes, because the compiler or interpreter will know which variable to use when a statement tries to access one of them.
No, because the compiler or interpreter would not know which variable to use when a statement tries to access one of them.
Yes, because all variables that exist within the same scope must have the same name.
No, because all variables that exist within the same scope must have unique names.
Is it usually permissible for a local variable in one module to have the same name as a local variable in a different module?
Yes
No
What are the pieces of data that are passed into a module called?
An argument
An integer number
An integer parameter
An actual language
What are the variables that receive pieces of data in a module called?
parameter variable
argument
refactoring
parameter
Does it usually matter whether an argument’s data type differs from the data type of the parameter it is being passed to?
Yes,
most programming languages require that the argument and the receiving parameter variable be of the same data type.
No,
it will not cause an error
Typically, what is a parameter variable’s scope?
is visible only to statements inside the variable’s scope.
is any piece of data that is passed into a module when the module is called.
is usually the entire module in which the parameter is declared.
is a way that one module can communicate with another module.
Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference.
Passing an argument by value means that only a copy of the argument’s value is passed into the parameter variable.
Passing an argument by reference means that the argument is passed into a special type of parameter known as a reference variable.
What is the scope of a global variable?
is a named constant that is available to every module in the program.
All of the modules that are defined in the program have access to the variable.
is the entire program, so all of the modules in the program can access a global variable.
What are the reasons for not using global variables in a program?
Global variables make debugging difficult.
Modules that use global variables are usually dependent on those variables.
Global variables make a program hard to understand. A global variable can be modified by any statement in the program.
Global varuables make coding easier
What is a global constant? Is it permissible to use global constants in a program?
a global constant’s value cannot be changed during the program’s execution.
you do not have to worry about many of the potential hazards that are associated with the use of global variables.
is a named constant that is available to every module in the program.
Global constants are typically used to represent unchanging values that are needed throughout a program
To execute a module, you must ________.
call it
compile it
parse it
debug it
An argument that is passed by ________ is not affected by a change to the content of the parameter variable.
a global variable
value
reference
a local variable
The scope of the parameter variables is the entire program and they are visible to any statement in the program.
True
False
When a variable is passed by reference to a module, changes to the value of the argument in the module will also affect the variable in the part of the program that sent that argument.
True
False
Given the following pseudocode, what, if anything, is an error?
Module main ()
Declare Integer myGrade = 93
Call curveScore (myGrade)
End Module
Module courveScore (Integer score)
Declare Integer newScore
Set new score = score + 5
Display new score
Set myGrade = 0
End Module
The variable myGrade is not available inside the curveScore module.
The variable score has not been initialized.
There are no errors.
The curveScore module should receive a variable named score, not myGrade.
The ________ is the first line of a module definition.
body
header
call
introduction
The use of ________ variables may make programs hard to understand and debug.
local
reference
value
global
Modules make it impossible for programmers to work in teams.
True
False
In most languages, a module definition has three parts: a header, body, and footer.
True
False
When a variable is passed by value, changes to that argument made within the module also affect the value of the variable in the part of the program that made the call to that module.
True
False
Modules may also be called ________.
Subroutines
Procedures
Methods
Subprograms
any if these
To create a module, you write its ________.
Definition
Head Seaction
Name
Pseudocode
The following statement will evaluate to True:
( 5 > 6 ) OR ( 12 < 14 )
True
False
In a flowchart, the ________ symbol indicates that some condition must be tested.
Diamond
Oval
Rectangle
Parallelogram
Which two logical operators perform short-circuit evaluation?
All perform short-circuit evaluation
OR and NOT
AND and OR
AND and NOT
What would be displayed if the following pseudocode was coded and executed?
Declare String pet1 = "puppy"
Declare String pet2 = "kitten"
If pet1 == pet2 Then
Display "These animals are the same."
Else
Display "These animals are different."
End If
These animals are the same.
puppy
kitten
These animals are different.
These animals are the same.These animals are different.
These animals are different.
The ________ operator is a unary operator, which means it works with only one operand.
OR
AND
NOT
All are u
What would display if the following pseudocode was coded and run, given that rate = 8?
Select rate
Case 10:
Display "A"
Case 9:
Case 8:
Display "B"
Case 7:
Case 6:
Display "C"
Default:
Display "Rating not possible."
End Select
A
B
Rating not possible
C
An If-Then-Else statement must be used to write a single alternative decision structure.
True
False
A nested decision structure can be used to test more than one condition.
True
False
Decision structures and selection structures are completely different.
True
False
Given the following pseudocode, what would display if this pseudocode was coded and executed, given that examGrade = 93 and homeworkGrade = 87?
Is exam grade <= 90 AND homeworkGrade >= 90 Then
Display "You are doing very well!"
Else If examGrade < 90 AND homeworkGrade >= 90 Then
Display "Study harder for the next exam."
Else If examGrade <= 90 AND homeworkGrade < 90 Then
Display "See me for help with homework."
Else
Display "Let's talk about your grades."
End If
Let's talk about your grades.
You are doing very well!
Study harder for the next exam.
See me for help with homework.
What does the following expression evaluate to, given that a = 3 and b = 6?
(a != b) AND (b > a)
False
True
cannot tell
NOT
What type of operator determines whether a specific relationship exists between two values?
Logical
Relational
Boolean
Mathematical
The OR operator will evaluate to True only if both subexpressions are also True.
True
False
What is a control structure?
a flowchart showing human actions, not program statements.
a set of statements that execute in the order that they appear.
a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes.
What is a decision structure?
allows a program to perform actions only under certain conditions.
a Boolean expression
a flowchart showing human actions, not program statements
a sequence structure because the statements in it execute in the order that they appear, from the beginning of the module to the end
