Worksheetsanatomy chpt 21 digestive system part 2
Total questions: 37
Worksheet time: 30mins
Swallowing signals the stomach to relax so as to allow food to enter. what are the steps it goes through moving the food toward the duodenum
Contractions originate in the fundus and move towrd the pyloric region. starting out gently and growing progressively stronger. peristaltic contractions breakdown food and mix it with gastric juices to form chyme
chyme moves toward the pyloric sphincter, propelled by the rhythm of the contractions. Under the pressure of a contraction, about 30 mls chyme squirts into the duodenum.
The stomach continues to churn and mix its contents as it gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. This continues until the stomach empties which takes about 4 hours after a typical meal.
The stimulation of gastric secretion occurs in three phases.
The thought, sight, smell or taste, creates neural impulses that are relayed to the brainstem. Parasympathetic nervous system then signals the stomach to secrete gastric juice as well as gastrin. Gastrin further stimulates gastric secretion
cephalic phase
The next phase begins when food enters the stomach. The stretching of the stomach as it fills with food triggers nerve reflexes that increase the secretion of gastric juice and gastrin
gastric phase
as chyme moves into the duodenum the intestinal phase begins. At this point the duodenum triggers nerve impulses and secretes hormones both of which inhibit gastric secretion.
intestinal phase
Accessory organ of the digestive system . It is located in the upper right abdomen below the diaphragm; the body's largest gland.
liver
gallbladder
Pancreas
Stomach
is separates the right and left lobes of the liver. it also serves to anchor the liver to the abdominal wall
falciform ligament
The pancreas
The gallbladder
The spleen
The liver has (a) lobes. Two of the lobes are visible from an an anterior view. Two additional lobes, the (b) lobe is near the inferior (c) The quadrate lobe is next to the (d) They caudate and quadrate are visible from behind.
The (a) carries oxygen-poor but nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver. The (b) delivers oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver.
The tiny six sided cylinders that fill the interior of the liver
hepatic lobules
Cells that line the stomach
Muscles that control the heart
Nerves that run along the spine
Match the following terms for the liver
passes through the core of each lobule
central vein
sheets of hepatic cells that fan out from the center of the lobule
hepatocytes
in between the sheets of cells are passageways filled with blood
sinusoids
tiny canals that carry bile secreted by hepatocytes
canaliculi
Reorder the following blood flow through the liver
portal vein-branches carry in nutrient rich blood
hepatic artery branches carry in oxygen rich blood
sinusoids filter blood
kupffer cells remove debris and bacteria
central vein carries processed blood out and the canaliculi carry bile into hepatic ducts
Which liver structure filters blood to remove nutrients as well as toxins?
kupffer cells
sinusoids
canaliculi
hepatocytes
name for phagocytic cells that remove bacteria and worn out red blood cells and debris from the bloodstream.
kupffer cells
sinusoids
canaliculi
hepatocytes
(Attached to the underside of the liver) stores and concentrates bile; it is about 3-4 inches long and holds 30-50 mls of bile.
gallbladder
pancreas
liver
stomach
This organ lies behind the stomach; its head is nestled in the curve of the duodenum and it tapered tail sits below the spleen and above the left kidney.
pancreas
gallbladder
liver
stomach
located in the pancreas, these secretes digestive enzymes in an inactive form; once activated in the duodenum the enzymes; help break down lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.
acinar cells
Liver
Kidney
Small Intestine
Which of the following acts as an initial trigger to the stomach to begin secreting gastric juice?
the smell of food
the stretching of the stomach as it fills with food
the movement of chyme into the duodenum
contractions within the stomach
in the pancreas, these secrete sodium bicarbonate, which buffers the highly acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach.
duct cells
Neurons
acinar cells
Goblet cells
Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in the:
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
mouth
Select all the features of the duodenum;
first 10 inches of the small intestine
begins at the pyloric valve and ends as the intestine turns downward
receives chyme from the stomach, as well as pancreatic juice and bile
where the stomach acid is neutralized and pancreatic enzymes begin chemical digestion
most digestive processes occur here
The next 8 feet after the duodenum. many large, closely spaced folds and millions of microscopic projections give the jejunum an enormous surface area, making it an ideal location for nutrient absorption
jejunum
Stomach
Colon
Small Intestine
The last 12 feet of the small intestine. Its wall is thinner and has less blood. clusters of lymphatic nodules called peyer's patches are scattered throughout
ileum
jejunum
duodenum
involves ring-like contractions break up food and mix it with digestive juices
segmentation
peristalsis
wave like ripples move digested material along GI tract
peristalsis
segmentation
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
secrete pancreatic enzymes
produce digestive enzymes
produce bile
store bile
In the intestinal lining, these slow the progress of chyme and increase its contact with the mucosa.
circular folds
Enzymes
Hormones
Villi
lymph vessel found inside the villi of the small intestine
lacteal
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
These cover the villi and have a brush border of ultra fine microvilli. they increase the absorptive area and produce digestive enzymes.
epithelial cells
Muscles
Nerves
pores at the bases of the villi that contain goblet cells that secrete mucus that helps the passage of food. They also serve as sites for rapid cellular growth producing new cells to replace those shed from the villi.
intestinal crypts
The small intestine
The large intestine
The stomach
Match the following saccharides
polysaccharides
contains many saccharide groups linked together; these include starches and glycogen
disaccharide
contain two groups linked together; these include sucrose, lactose, and maltose
monosaccharide
contains only one saccharide group; these include glucose
Most foods contain (a) , which must be broken into smaller particles. To do so the digestive system uses (b)
Reorder the following steps for carbohydrate digestion
begins in the mouth with amylase
continues in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase
finishes at the villi with sucrase, lactase, and maltase
Reorder the following protein digestion
before the body can absorb amino acids, it must break the peptide bonds, which it does with enzymes called proteases. absent from saliva proteases work in the stomach and small intestine
begins in the stomach with pepsin
continues in the duodenum with trypsin and chymotrypsin
finishes in the small intestine with peptidases
Reorder the following fat digestion
fat digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of enzyme lipase. Most fat digestion, however, occurs in small intestine
because fat doesn't dissolve in water it enters duodenum as a congealed mass
first requires emulsification
continues with pancreatic lipase
some fats absorbed in to the bloodstream of the villi, other fats changed into triglycerides and enter the lymphatic system
blind pouch that serves as the beginning of the large intestine
cecum
appendix
Liver
dentin
part of large intestine that extends up toward the liver
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
Middle part of the large intestine, passing below the liver stomach and spleen
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
ascending colon
descending colon
portion of the large intestine extending downward along the left side of teh abdominal cavity
descending colon
ascending colon
sigmoid colon
sigmoid colon
lower portion of the colon that forms an S shape down to the rectum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
