something that is created with imagination and skill and that is beautiful or that expresses important ideas or feelings.

refers to the work of art that developed since the beginning of civilization in the Philippines up to the present era

● a three dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials, typically stone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer metals

objects that are first shaped of wet clay, then hardened by baking ● includes both decorative and practical items such as bowls, vases, dishes, and lamps

art of combining spoken or written and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal

art of arranging sound in rhythmic succession and generally in combination

story re-created by actors and actresses in front of an audience

most direct art form which makes of the human body as its medium

three Dimension Arts like sculpture, crafts, costume design, architecture/allied arts, landscape, and crafts

Two dimension Arts, like painting, drawing, and photography

carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos ○ represents their ancestral spirit and granary gods ○ considered as guardians of the harvest

a chair made through the used of wood “Narra” ○ individuals who owns this chair are commonly the highest class of individual in the society ○ represents power

the ancestral home of Maranao’s Sultan or Datu ○ one of the richest survivors of the Philippine Pre-Spanish art is Maranao decorative art, described by critics as graceful and rhythmical ○ the forebeams of the houses project beyond the walls and the neds or panolong such as the decorative figure are carved and multicolored

carved end beam of Torogan

one of the most well known of old designs from the Maranao people of Mindanao ○ represents a fowl with wings, feathered tail and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motifs of leaves, spirals, and feather-like forms. ○ usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak ○ the wooded figure, usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands among decorative flags during weddings and other festive occasions

gentlemens design; the dominant patterns used are commonly spiral in form

ladies design; the dominant patterns are the zigzag and the angular forms

the term used by Spanish colonists to describe the tattooed indigenous Cebuano Visayan People ○ were found in Bohol ○ the men are known for their tattoo art which often covers most of their bodies

a head hunting necklace made with shell, boar tusk, rattan, fiber and bone ○ these physical ornaments were introduce by Ifugaos

ifugaos warrior silver earrings

filipino physical ornaments made of bead and shell

defined by a point moving in space ○ may be two-or-three-dimensional, descriptive, implied or abstract

represents three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional surface in a way that looks natural and realistic, creating an illusion of space and depth on a flat surface

by which positive and negative areas or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art

refers to the way things feel or look as if they might feel if touched

the name of color

lightness and darkness shade of color

the quality of color used to produce a value

the three dimensional and encloses volume, includes height, width and depth like cube, sphere, pyramid or a cylinder

a two dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width

an element of art that represents the mass in an art work or a sculpture

consists of those written within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs

refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone

from the highly passionate and lyrical forms of these in the early 50’s, contemporary _ manifests a skillful manipulation of symbolic representations and is more insightful and abstract

this is still the more popular venue of writers up to this period

○ the new breed of writers seem to excel in the skillful handling of techniques and in coming out with original forms

○ _ romantic fiction is very popular among readers

address societal issues

○ they are more free and daring, manifesting a more liberated atmosphere, however pointing out moral degradation, indicating injustice, suggesting alternatives, and directing thought

has grown lesser popularity

○ many of our writers have turned to the more remunerative and shorter literary forms which are indicative of more practical considerations

he was nicknamed Kiko

○ he was the “Father of Philippine Literature”

○ he was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered as the Tagalog equivalent of William Shakespeare for his impact on Filipino literature ○ the famous epic, Florante at Laura, is regarded as his defining work is so greatly revered in the Philippines that the term for Filipino debate in extemporaneous verse is named for him: Balagtasan

one of the most widely read Filipino writers in the English language

○ his novels and short stories depict the social underpinnings of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society

○ born in Rosales, Pangasinan ○ awarded National Artist for Literature in 2001

(National Artist in Literature, 1973)

○ a man with incredible talent as a poet and writer

○ introduced the reversed consonance rime scheme in poetry

○ used doveglion (dove, eagle and lion) as a pen name

○ e.e. cummings wrote a poem for him, titled “doveglion, adventures in value”

(National Artist for Literature, 1973)

○ believed that the function of the writer is “to act as the conscience of society and to affirm the greatness of the human spirit in the face of inequity and oppression”

○ wrote his novel “Mga Ibong Mandaragit” while in prison

○ first Filipino socio-political novel that exposes the diseases of the society through the agrarian disputes in the 1950s

(National Artist for Literature, 1976)

○ praised for his exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain and his scrutiny into the psychology of social changes from a young generation’s perspective

○ has an insane love for books such that he preferred them as his educational and self- enrichment materials than classroom work

it should stand up robustly and remain in good condition

it should be useful; and function well for the people using it

it should delight people, and raise their spirits

architect, interior designer, artist and classically trained pianist

○ contribution to filipino architecture is the cultural center of the philippines, a collection of five buildings that demonstrate the architect’s drive to find a vernacular form of modernist architecture

○ known for his ability to make this most monolithic of materials appear weightless, and to elegantly combine western brutalism with vernacular element

committed to the belief that architecture built in the Philippines should reflect its culture and people

○ worked on the restoration of the home of national hero Jose Rizal

○ He was named a National Artist for Architecture in 1973

Father of the Philippine Landscape Architecture

○ earliest successful projects was the Makati Commercial Center, an outdoor shopping mall in which the shop fronts and walkways were interspersed with garden trails, fountains and public artworks

○ became National Artist for Architecture in 2006