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APP Units 9 and 1 Review

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The benefit of this descriptive research is that it allows researchers to view naturally occurring behaviors without controlling the situation.

a)

Natural observation

b)

Survey

c)

Case Study

d)

Correlation

2.

The variable manipulated by the researcher is the

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Confounding Variable

d)

Correlational variable

3.

This is an example of

a)

Positive Skew

b)

Negative Skew

c)

Positive Correlation

d)

Negative Correlation

4.

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is known as the

a)

Range

b)

Mean

c)

Median

d)

Mode

5.

A sample that represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion is known as

a)

Random sample

b)

Random assignment

c)

Random variable

d)

Random blind study

6.

This is an example of a

a)

Positive skew

b)

Negative skew

c)

Positive Correlation

d)

Negative Correlation

7.

The disadvantage of this descriptive research method is that single cases can be very misleading.

a)

Natural observation

b)

Survey

c)

Case study

d)

Correlation

8.

The ethical guideline for research in which participants must agree to be a part of the study is known as

a)

Informed consent

b)

Confidentiality

c)

Free from harm

d)

Debriefing

9.

In an experiment, the variable that changes in response to independent variable is known as

a)

Independent variable

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Changing variable

d)

Control variable

10.

The middle score in a distribution, half scores are above it and half are below it, is known as what?

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Mean

c)

Mode

d)

Median

11.

This is an example of what?

a)

Negative Correlation

b)

Positive Correlation

c)

Negative skew

d)

Positive skew

12.

In an experiment, the group with independent variable is known as what?

a)

Single blind Group

b)

Control Group

c)

Experimental Group

d)

The effect

13.

The names of the participants in a research experiment must be kept secret is an ethical guideline known as

a)

Debriefing

b)

Free from harm

c)

Informed Consent

d)

Confidentiality

14.

Average of a distribution, obtained by adding scores and dividing by number of scores is known as the

a)

Mode

b)

Median

c)

Mean

d)

Range

15.

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research experiment is known as

a)

replication

b)

operational definition

c)

hypothesis

d)

standardization

16.

A disadvantage of this descriptive method is that only 50% of the people asked to participate, actually do.

a)

Naturalistic observation

b)

Survey

c)

Case study

d)

Correlation

17.

The measure of how much scores vary around the mean is known as the

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Scatter plot

c)

Median

d)

Range

18.

The group in an experiment that does not have the independent variable is known as what?

a)

Double blind group

b)

Outlier

c)

Experimental group

d)

Control group

19.

Repeating a research study, using different participants to see if findings extended to other people and situations is known as what

a)

Random assignment

b)

Operational definition

c)

Replication

d)

Control group

20.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
21.
What is a double blind procedure?
a)
Participants don't know which group they're in
b)
Researchers don't know which group the participants are in
c)
Neither participants nor researcher knows who is in which group
d)
Both researcher and participants know who is in each group
22.
Which correlation coefficient demonstrates the highest correlation?
a)
0.92
b)
-0.38
c)
-0.11
d)
0.67
23.

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

a)

Random assignment

b)

Debriefing

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Subject matching

e)

Correlational study

24.

All of the following are American Psychological Association (APA) ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:

a)

Research may not involve deception

b)

Participiation must be voluntary

c)

Participants must be informed of potential risks

d)

Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement

e)

Particpants' right to privacy must be protected

25.

Participants are told the green liquid is a new energy drink that offers a nearly instant energy boost. They are asked to lift 25 lbs as many times as possible. Then, after rest, they drink the drink and try again. Most do much better after drinking, even though it's really just water.

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Extraneous Variable

d)

The Placebo Effect

26.

Which perspective thinks the unconscious mind influences everything we do?

a)

Biological

b)

Behavioral

c)

Cognitive

d)

Psychodynamic

27.

If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.

a)

Sociocultural

b)

Behavioral

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

28.

Which perspective suggests that an imbalance of hormones can contribute to aggressive behavior?

a)

Biological

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Humanistic

d)

Cognitive

29.

Which perspective would agree with the following: "Change your thoughts, change your life"?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Cognitive

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

30.

What famous psychologist is credited with opening the first ever psychology laboratory?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

John Watson

d)

B. F. Skinner

31.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
32.
Which perspective studies learning and how rewards and punishments influence how humans and animals act (observable responses)?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Humanism
d)
Evolutionary
33.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
34.
Who developed the theory of "Functionalism?"
a)
Wundt
b)
Titchener
c)
Freud
d)
James
35.
Of the following, who was a behaviorist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
 John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
36.
Having the patient be self-reflective (looking inward), and training them to report elements of their experience.  
a)
structuralism
b)
introspection
c)
functionalism
d)
psychometrics
37.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of 
a)
childhood memories.
b)
unconscious thoughts. 
c)
healthy growth potential.
d)
punishment and reinforcement.
38.
Which of these is not a contemporary approach to studying psychology?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Structuralism
c)
Humanistic
d)
Evolutionary
39.
A psychologist that uses ethnicity, gender, culture and socioeconomic status influence our behavior. 
a)
behaviorist
b)
humanist
c)
socio-cultural psychology
d)
psychoanalyst
40.
Which school of psychology would most likely have written a book titled The Whole is More than the Parts?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Gestalt
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Behavioral
41.
Who established the first psychology lab in the U.S. and was the first president of the APA?
a)
G. Stanley Hall
b)
Sigmud Freud
c)
WIlliam James
d)
Charles Darwin
42.
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
a)
First female president of APA
b)
First woman author of a psychology book
c)
First woman to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
d)
Wife of G. Stanley Hall
43.
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?
a)
First female to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
b)
Studied with Mary Calkins at the APA
c)
Studied under Willhelm Wundt
d)
Used strenuous mental testing on humans
44.
Which psychological perspective focuses on optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Humanistic
c)
Positive Psychology
d)
Psychodynamic
45.

Evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

developmental psychologist

d)

personality psychologist

46.

They help people adapt to change or make changes in their lifestyle.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

school psychologist

d)

educational psychologist

47.

They study psychological growth & development throughout the lifespan.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

developmental psychologist

c)

rehabilitation psychologist

d)

social psychologist

48.

They focus on traits, attitudes, and goals of the individual.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

school psychologist

c)

personality psychologist

d)

social psychologist

49.

____________ refers to biological/genetic predispositions' impact on human traits

a)

nature

b)

nurture

50.

How did Dorothea Dix help lead to change and greater awareness to the issue she was focused on reforming?

a)

She led protests in the nations capital.

b)

She opened several hospitals for the mentally ill.

c)

She became a doctor for people with mental illnesses.

d)

She boycotted hospitals.

51.

The "fundamental attribution error" phenomenon can best be seen in which of the following examples

a)

John blames his failure to get a job on his lack of appropriate skills and ill preparedness

b)

Phyllis doesn't get the lead in the school play and blames her drama teacher for this failure.

c)

Jane blames herself for forgetting that she has a term paper due in two days

d)

Bill doesn't hire John bc he believes that John's lateness is a result of John's laziness & lack of respect for the job. In reality, John was late bc he got a flat tire on the way to the interview

e)

Karen understands that her friend is late because she was caught in rush hour traffic.

52.

In the Asch conformity experiments, which of these was NOT a consistent factor influencing the degree to which conformity to the group answer would be shown by the experimental subject?

a)

Unanimity of group opinion

b)

Size of the group

c)

The subject's perception of his/her social status

d)

Age of the subject

53.

Students are randomly designated by experimenters as likely to experience significant jumps in academic test scores in the coming semester, & this designation is communicated to their teachers. when actual test scores are examined at the end of the semester, it is found that these randomly designated students did indeed tend to experience jumps in performance. This phenomenon is known as

a)

Hawthorne effect

b)

Ainsworth effect

c)

Cognitive dissonance

d)

self fulfilling prophecy

54.

An old woman carrying a number of packages has tripped and fallen on a busy urban sidewalk and is having trouble getting back up. The fact that few people are likely to stop and offer her help is referred to by social psychologists as an example of

a)

altruistic orientation

b)

illusory correlation

c)

diffusion of responsibility (by stander effect)

d)

just world phenomenon

55.

Which of the following would illustrate the "foot in the door" technique of facilitating compliance with a request?

a)

A mother wishing to get her twins to do their homework each day upon coming home from school and before other activities tells each of them separately that the other twin has agreed to do just that.

b)

A teacher wishing all her students to get their assignments in on time promises her class extra grading points for turning them in early.

c)

A teenager, wanting to extend his curfew from 10pm to midnight, first asks if it can be extended to 11pm for a specific "special occasion; he then plans to ask for the further extension at a later date after pointing out to his parents he was able to handle the 11pm curfew.

d)

A professional fundraiser, needing to get $10,000 from a foundation, first requests four times that amount, expecting to be turned down so that she can then ask for the lesser amount.

56.

According to Attribution Theory, which of the following is an example of the self serving bias?

a)

A man does not have health insurance, but is not worried bc he is young and healthy.

b)

A woman knows a man who does not have insurance. The man gets into a car accident, & medical expenses cause him to lose his home. She wonders why he didn't have insurance.

c)

A toddler builds a tall tower with blocks and says "Me good!" when she completes the tower. However, she bumps it and it falls down. She frowns and says "Bad blocks!"

d)

A hurricane devastates an area of Mississippi & many residents seek grief counseling.

57.

A group of 5 students & a group of 3 students all roughly the same size & strength, engage in a game of tug of war. The game is equal for a long while, neither side immediately gaining an advantage. This is most likely an example of

a)

social loafing

b)

dehumanization

c)

conformity

d)

social faciliatation

58.

A child tries to get a raise on his weekly allowance. When he first approaches his parents, he asks for $100 per wk. His parents scoff & tell him this out of the question. Then, he asks for $50 per wk, & receives the same reply. Finally, he ask for $10 per wk & his parents agree. This is an example of

a)

foot in the door phenomenon

b)

central route of persuasion

c)

peripheral route of persuasion

d)

door in the face phenoomenon

59.

Stanley Milgram's study involving the "teacher", learner, & experimenter tested which of the following principles?

a)

Conformitity

b)

Groupthink

c)

Role playing

d)

obedience

60.

Albert Bandura's famous Bobo Doll experiment shows the power of

a)

Observation

b)

conformity

c)

hositle aggression

d)

instrumental aggression

61.

Which of the following suggestions is most likely to reduce the hostility felt bw antagonistic groups?

a)

force the groups to spend alot of time together

b)

encourage the groups to avoid each other as much as possible

c)

give the groups a task that cannot be solved unless they work together.

d)

punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.

62.

On Monday, Tonya asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday's test until Friday. After her teacher flatly refused Tonya asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday. Tonya is using the compliance strategy known as

a)

foot in the door

b)

Norms of reciprocity

c)

strategic bargaining

d)

door in the face

63.

In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was the

a)

highest level of shock supposedly administered

b)

location of the learner

c)

length of the line

d)

number of people in the group.

64.

The tendency of people to look toward others for cues about the appropriate way to behave when confronted by an emergency is know as

a)

conformity

b)

diffusion of responsibility

c)

pluralistic ignorance

d)

modeling

65.

Advertisements are made more effective when the communicators are

I. attractive

II. famous

III. perceived as experts.

a)

II only

b)

III only

c)

I, II, III

d)

I and II

66.

Your new neighbor seems to know everything about ancient Greece that your social studies teacher says during the first week of school. You conclude that she is brilliant. you do not consider that she might already have learned about ancient Greece in her old school. You are evidencing.

a)

self fulfilling prophecy

b)

pluralistic ignorance

c)

confirmation bias

d)

fundamental attribution error

67.

In Asch's conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one incorrect response?

a)

30

b)

40

c)

50

d)

60

e)

70

68.

Jamie has always hated the color orange. However, once she became a student at Princeton, she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing. The discomfort caused by her long standing dislike of the color orange & her current ownership of so much orange & black striped clothing is known as

a)

cognitive dissonance

b)

opposing conginitions

c)

inconsistent ideas

d)

conflicting motives

69.

When Paul had his first oboe solo in the orchestra concert, his performance was far worse than it was when he rehearsed at home. A phenomenon that helps explain Paul's poor performance is known as

a)

social loafing

b)

groupthink

c)

social inhibition (impairment)

d)

deindividuation

70.

Kelley's attribution theory says that people use which of the following kinds of information in explaining events?

a)

conformity, reliability, and validity

b)

consensus, consistence, distinctiveness,

c)

uniquesness, explanatory power, logic

d)

distinctiveness, conformity, and salience

71.

After your school's football team has a big win, students in the halls can be heard saying "we are awesome." The next week, after the team loses to the last place team in the league, that same students lament that "They were terrible", The difference in these comments illustrates

a)

fundamental attribution error

b)

self serving bias

c)

self fulfilling prophecy

d)

conformity

72.

Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?

a)

Tommy will not let girls play on his hockey team

b)

Sam dislikes cheerleaders

c)

Alice says she can run faster than anybody on the playground.

d)

Jeri thinks all Asians are smart

73.

On their second date, Mary confides in Frank that she still loves to watch Rugrats. He in turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi. These 2 young lovers will be brought closer together through this process of

a)

self disclosure

b)

in-group bias

c)

dual sharing

d)

deindividuation

74.

Rosenthal and Jacobson's "Pygmalion in the Classroom" study showed that

a)

people's expectations of others can influence the behavior of others.

b)

attitudes are not always good predictors of behavior

c)

contact is not sufficient to break down prejudices

d)

people like to think that others get what they deserve

75.

On the first day of class, Mr. Simpson divides his class into 4 competing groups. On the 5th day of school, Matt was sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups. Mr. Simpson can be faulted for encouraging the creation of

a)

group polarization

b)

out group bias

c)

superordinate goals

d)

group think