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Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is the most important element of life because it makes up important molecules like glucose (the sugar that producers make as food)?

a)

nitrogen

b)

carbon

c)

helium

d)

phosphorus

2.

Which kind of organism is an autotroph?

a)

consumer

b)

producer

c)

decomposer

d)

herbivore

3.

Select all organisms that are heterotrophs.

a)

decomposers

b)

producers

c)

herbivores

d)

carnivores

4.

Mushrooms release chemicals to break down organic matter and absorb the energy contained in it. Which two terms best describe mushrooms?

a)

saprotrophs

b)

producers

c)

scavengers

d)

decomposers

5.

Which of the following best describes the shape of ecological pyramids?

a)

Biomass pyramids are always upright, but energy pyramids are inverted.

b)

Energy pyramids are always upright, but biomass pyramids can be inverted.

c)

All ecological pyramids are always upright.

d)

All ecological pyramids are always inverted.

6.

Which organism is an omnivore in the food web shown?

a)

bivalves

b)

bald eagle

c)

wading birds

d)

phytoplankton

7.

What might happen to the organisms in the food web below if the number of phytoplankton and vegetation drastically decreased?

a)

The small fish and wading birds would be affected.

b)

Only the small fish would be affected.

c)

Only the osprey and bald eagle would be affected.

d)

The entire food web would be affected.

8.

Energy in the primary consumer level comes directly from which trophic level?

a)

decomposer

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

producer

9.

If there were 9000 kcal/m2/yr available in the trophic level shown in the image, how many kcal/m2/yr are predicted to be in the primary consumer level?

a)

900

b)
90,000
c)

90

d)

900,000

10.

Calculate the percentage of energy transferred (units are kcal/m2/yr) from the secondary consumer level to the tertiary consumer level. (make your answer a whole number with % sign)

(a)  

11.

Which of the following best describes where producers get their energy?

a)

All producers get their energy from the sun, there is no other source of energy for producers.

b)

Most producers get their energy from the sun, but some can get energy from chemical compounds.

c)

Most producers get their energy from chemical compounds, but some can get energy from the sun.

d)

Producers get all their energy from decomposers.

12.

Which of the following is true about the energy transfer in ecosystems?

a)

On average, 10% of energy in one trophic level is passed to the next higher trophic level, most of the rest is lost as waste.

b)

On average, 10% of energy in one trophic level is passed to the next lower trophic level, most of the rest is lost as heat.

c)

On average, 10% of energy in one trophic level is passed to the next higher trophic level, most of the rest is lost as heat.

d)

On average, 10% of energy in one trophic level is passed to the next lower trophic level, most of the rest is lost as waste.

13.

Which organisms play the largest role in converting nitrogen gas into various usable forms and back to a gas form?

a)

fungi

b)

bacteria

c)

plants

d)

worms

14.

What happens to carbon during the process of photosynthesis?

a)

CO2 is released by plants into the atmosphere

b)

CO2 from soil (geosphere) is taken up by plant roots

c)

CO2 from the atmosphere is taken up by plants

d)

carbon atoms from the sun are given to plants

15.

All the land masses on Earth (soil, rocks, etc.) are known collectively as the...

a)

hydrosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

geosphere

16.

Which gas is most abundant in the atmosphere?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

methane

c)

nitrous oxide

d)

nitrogen gas

17.

Within the Nitrogen Cycle, ______________ releases nitrogen from dead organisms, while _________ converts nitrogen from the soil (or water) back into the atmosphere as nitrogen gas.

a)

decomposition, denitrification

b)

denitrification, decomposition

c)

assimilation, decomposition

d)

denitrification, assimilation

18.

Which of the following describes a possible movement of nitrogen between reservoirs in the process of assimilation?

a)

from the soil (geosphere) into plants

b)

from the air (atmosphere) into plants

c)

from the air (atmosphere) into soil (geosphere)

d)

from the soil (geosphere) into animals

19.

The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere is...

a)

evaporation

b)

transpiration

c)

condensation

d)

precipitation

20.

___________ model multiple paths of energy flow in an ecosystem, while ___________ model a single path.

a)

trophic level, biogeochemical cycles

b)

biogeochemical cycles, trophic level

c)

food webs, food chains

d)

food chains, food webs