WorksheetsHLST 110 Midterm 1
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of Medicare when it was introduced?
A) To organize hospitals into specialized units.
B) To assist in the payment of medical bills for the poor.
C) To assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.
D) To develop health insurance plans in the 1920s.
Which of the following definitions best aligns with the Wellness Model's perspective on health, as outlined by the WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter?
A) Health is primarily about the absence of disease.
B) Health emphasizes only the physical well-being of an individual.
C) Health is a positive concept, focusing on the ability to realize aspirations, cope with the environment, and emphasizing personal resources.
D) Health is solely a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of both the Holistic Model (WHO 1947) and the Wellness Model (WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter)?
a) They distinguish between health and the factors that make us healthy.
b) They emphasize only on physical aspects of health.
c) They view health as a resource for everyday life.
d) no distinctions between health and the factors that make us healthy
Which definition of health claims that the body is like a machine to be fixed when broken?
a) The Wellness Model (WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter)
b) The Holistic Model (WHO 1947)
c) The Medical Model (20th Century)
d) None of the above
Which significant development during the Renaissance era greatly influenced the widespread distribution of the works of Hippocrates and Galen?
a) The invention of the microscope.
b) The rise of academic institutions.
c) The establishment of public libraries.
d) The invention of Gutenberg's printing press.
Which civilization is credited with documenting over 1000 medical herbs and pioneering acupuncture around 3000 BC?
a) Egyptians
b) Greeks
c) Chinese
d) Babylonians
The Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written records concerning public health, originated from:
a) Ancient China
b) The Minoans and Myceneans
c) The Hebrews
d) Babylon
Which statement best encapsulates the health understanding and practices of early humans?
a) Health practices were primarily documented and systematically taught.
b) Health knowledge was predominantly derived from observation of animal behaviors and reactions.
c) Most health taboos were derived from direct communication with deities.
d) Health decisions were primarily influenced by modern scientific methods.
What significant setback in health and hygiene practices occurred during the Middle Ages, post the Roman Empire?
a) The rapid advancement of medical technologies and tools.
b) Increased life expectancy due to superior medical care.
c) A decline in public health advancements, including water supply and sewage removal systems, leading to decreased hygiene practices.
d) A universal rejection of religious and magical explanations for disease.
Which scientist is known as the father of Natural Immunity and explained the function of white blood cells in the early 1900s?
a) Edwin Chadwick
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Joseph Lister
d) Elias Metnikoff
Which English surgeon introduced the antiseptic methods of treating wounds by using carbolic acid?
a) Edward Jenner
b) Joseph Lister
c) Elias Metnikoff
d) William Beaumont
Who was the first to insert a feeding tube into a patient in 1790?
a) John Hunter
b) Edwin Chadwick
c) James Lind
d) William Beaumont
In the mid-1800s, what significant advancement was made in the medical surgeries?
a) Use of antiseptics
b) Use of anesthetics
c) Use of laser techniques
d) Use of robotics
What major change in thinking occurred during the Age of Enlightenment in the medical field?
a) Religion and superstition guided medical practices.
b) Reason and intellect replaced religion and superstition.
c) Filth was not considered a factor in disease.
d) Lifespan reached 100 years.
What did Edwin Chadwick's 1842 report primarily focus on?
a) Germ Theory of Disease.
b) Benefits of pasteurization.
c) Sanitary conditions of the laboring population of Great Britain.
d) Introduction of anesthesia for surgeries.
Which of the 3 Western Definitions of Health say that “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease”?
a. The Holistic Model
b. The Wellness Model
c. The Medical Model
d. All of the above.
Biology is primarily concerned with the study of what?
a. Non-living structures and their functions
b. Geological compositions and formations
c. Chemical interactions in inanimate objects
d. Life and the structures that support living organisms
What does homeostasis primarily aim to achieve in the body?
a. Increasing the body's temperature to fight pathogens
b. Maintaining equilibrium around a specific value
c. Continuously changing the internal environment
d. Promoting a state of imbalance for adaptation
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for moving our internal organs?
a. Smooth muscle
b. Skeletal muscle
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Connective muscle
The right side of the heart has which primary function?
a. Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
b. Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs
c. Regulates body temperature through blood flow
d. Supplies the body with essential nutrients through blood
In the context of homeostasis, what is referred to as the "specific value" around which equilibrium is maintained?
a. Variable point
b. Homeo point
c. Set point
d. Stable point
The central part of the nervous system consists of:
a. Sensory and motor nerves
b. Brain and spinal cord
c. Nerves in the limbs
d. Synapses and receptors
The biomedical model of health primarily uses which of the following interventions?
a. Meditation and yoga
b. Dietary alterations and fitness regimes
c. Chemical medications, surgery, and vaccinations
d. Herbal remedies and acupuncture
which two prominent figures regarded pain as an emotional entity rather than a mere sensory response?
a. Socrates and Democritus
b. Plato and his student Aristotle
c. Pythagoras and Heraclitus
d. Epicurus and Diogenes
Which of the following best describes the function of pain that makes us avoid situations or behaviors causing pain?
a. Pain occurring before a serious injury.
b. Pain that prevents further injury.
c. Pain due to damaged joints.
d. Pain as a test of faith.
nociceptors are:
a. Brain neurons responsible for happiness.
b. Afferent nerve endings that respond to pain stimuli.
c. Connectors between different brain sections.
d. Fibers transmitting emotional pain.
delta fibers are characterized by:
a. Transmitting impulses very slowly.
b. Transmitting impulses quickly.
c. Being unmyelinated fibers.
d. Producing a dull pain.
Which type of pain typically lasts less than 6 months and can be alleviated with painkillers?
a. Acute Pain
b. Chronic Pain
c. Chronic recurrent pain
d. Chronic intractable benign pain
Phantom Limb Pain is:
a. A psychological disorder where one imagines pain.
b. Ongoing painful sensations from a body part that is no longer present.
c. Pain resulting from too much physical activity.
d. A myth.
Women are more likely to experience:
a. Less pain than men.
b. Only short-lived pain.
c. Recurrent pain
d. Only chronic pain.
How is "Chronic recurrent pain" best described?
a. Pain that continually intensifies over time.
b. Pain that has intense episodes followed by relief periods.
c. Persistent pain lasting more than 6 months without relief.
d. Pain that is always present but varies in intensity.
How has Rene Descartes' perspective on pain shifted the traditional understanding, emphasizing a more internalized mechanism?
a. By introducing pain as a spiritual experience.
b. By proposing that pain is an internal mechanical process, where the body functions as a machine.
c. By suggesting that pain is a mere illusion, a construct of the human mind.
d. By emphasizing pain as a communal experience shared by a collective consciousness.
Which of the following best defines the social determinants of health (SDH)?
a. Conditions where people are born, grow, work, and live and the forces shaping daily life conditions.
b. Genetic makeup and biology of individuals.
c. Medical interventions and treatments.
d. Personal health choices and habits.
Which organization was launched in the 1970s to promote healthy living in Canada?
a. Health Canada.
b. ParticipACTION.
c. Canadian Health Movement.
d. Health Promotion Canada.
The Lalonde Report, 1974, introduced the concept of the Health Field, which consists of four interrelated components. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
a. Environment.
b. Human Biology.
c. Healthcare costs.
d. Lifestyle.
The Health Inequalities Movement emphasizes:
a. Social and economic environments strongly impacting health.
b. Importance of individual health choices.
c. The role of genetic makeup in health.
d. Significance of healthcare access.
Which of the following was NOT a crisis leading to the introduction of the health promotion movement in the Lalonde Report?
a. Introduction of publicly funded health care.
b. Lack of increase in population health.
c. Rapid spread of infectious diseases.
d. Unsuccessful medical interventions for chronic conditions.
How did the Manitoba Mincome Experiment influence hospital visits?
a. Increased hospital visits due to infectious diseases.
b. Led to a decrease in hospital visits.
c. Hospital visits remained the same.
d. Led to a rise in elective surgeries.
Which of the following best exemplifies the Health Inequalities Movement?
a. People of higher socio-economic status are more favorably situated to have the resources to engage in protective health efforts.
b. Health is solely determined by individual choices and habits.
c. Genetics is the primary determinant of an individual's health.
d. Access to healthcare facilities is the main contributor to health outcomes.
Which component of the Health Field was emphasized in the statement: "Medical Care is not the biggest determinant of health"?
a. Environment.
b. Human Biology.
c. Health Care Organization.
d. Lifestyle.
According to the Influential Alameda County Study, which practice is NOT included in promoting a healthy lifestyle?
a. Exercising for a minimum of 30 minutes daily.
b. Consuming a balanced breakfast daily.
c. Having frequent light snacks throughout the day.
d. Aiming for 7-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night.
Which of the following accurately arranges the social classes mentioned in the notes from the highest to lowest socio-economic status?
a. Upper Class, Middle Class, Working Class, Lower Class.
b. Upper-upper Class, Lower-upper Class, Upper-middle Class, Average middle-class, Working Class, Lower Class.
c. Average middle-class, Upper-middle Class, Working Class, Lower-upper Class, Upper Class, Lower Class.
d. Lower Class, Working Class, Average middle-class, Upper-middle Class, Lower-upper Class, Upper-upper Class.
Which model suggests that individual health is affected by the context in which we live?
a. Biological Model
b. Psychological Model
c. Social Model of Health
d. Ecological Model
People's understandings of illness and medicine are influenced by:
a. Purely biological factors.
b. Only their personal experiences.
c. The medicines they take.
d. Interacting with culture and its products.
Which of the following is NOT a lay belief related to illness?
a. Illness as individual responsibility.
b. Food impacts health.
c. Illness is caused by biological agents.
d. Mental attitude affects health.
Which statement about ADHD is correct?
a. ADHD is universally recognized in all cultures.
b. In many non-westernized cultures, ADHD is not a recognized medical condition.
c. ADHD is only a recent discovery.
d. ADHD has no genetic components.
How are health and socio-economic status related?
a. There's no known correlation between them.
b. Lower socio-economic status correlates with a less healthy diet and increased health risks.
c. Wealthier individuals always live longer, irrespective of other factors.
d. Socio-economic status only affects mental health.
How do men compare to women in terms of COVID-19 deaths in certain neighbourhoods?
a. Women had significantly higher rates of death.
b. Men had higher rates of COVID-19 deaths than women.
c. The rates were exactly the same.
d. The data doesn't differentiate between men and women.
What does the term "Intersectionality" suggest?
a. All immigrants face the same health risks.
b. Certain groups of immigrants are at higher health risk due to various overlapping factors.
c. Health issues do not intersect with other socio-cultural factors.
d. Immigrants are universally healthier than native residents.
What is a primary element of the "Healthy Immigrant Effect"?
a. Immigrants tend to avoid healthcare services.
b. Immigrants on average have lower standardized death rates and are healthier than non-immigrant Canadians.
c. Immigrants always have better dietary habits.
d. Immigrants have a lower life expectancy than non-immigrants.
Which of the following is NOT a definition of culture?
a. Culture is a cluster of learned and shared beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, symbols, and attitudes.
b. Culture is how we make sense of and understand the social world in which we live.
c. Culture is an "inherited lens" through which the individual perceives and understands the world.
d. Culture is the exclusive transmission of physical traits across generations.
Which of the following statements best describes the dietary habits of lower-income groups from a social determinant's perspective?
A) They consume a high intake of foods rich in antioxidants and vitamins.
B) They eat more processed and energy-dense foods, leading to an increased risk of obesity.
C) They primarily eat vegetables and foods rich in dietary fiber.
D) Their food habits lead to a decreased risk of tooth decay and obesity-related health issues.
Which of the 3 Western Definitions of Health say that “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease”?
The Hollistic Model
The Wellness Model
The Medical Model
All of the above
