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Gravitation and Periodic Motion

Total questions: 31

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A newly discovered comet, named Comet Celestia, has orbital characteristics similar to those of Comet Halley. It travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun, visiting Earth approximately once every 80 years. Given that Comet Celestia's perihelion distance is 1.2 × 10^8 km and its aphelion distance is 6.5 × 10^9 km, calculate the length of the semi-major axis of Comet Celestia's elliptical orbit.

a)
7.8 × 10^9 km
b)
2.1 × 10^9 km
c)

3.31 × 10^9 km

d)
4.5 × 10^9 km
2.

Comet Nebula, a newly discovered celestial wanderer, has an elliptical orbit around the sun. It pays a visit to Earth every 90 years. The perihelion distance is 1.5 × 10^8 km, and the aphelion distance is 4.2 × 10^9 km. Determine the length of the semi-major axis for Comet Nebula's elliptical orbit.

a)
3.5 × 10^9 km
b)

2.2 × 10^9 km

c)
6.7 × 10^8 km
d)
9.4 × 10^9 km
3.

A comet named Stellaris completes one orbit around the sun every 60 years. Its perihelion distance is 9 × 10^7 km, and the aphelion distance is 5.8 × 10^9 km. Calculate the length of Stellaris's semi-major axis.

a)
7.9 × 10^8 km
b)
2.904 × 10^9 km
c)
1.2 × 10^10 km
d)
4.5 × 10^9 km
4.

Ganymede, one of Jupiter's largest moons, orbits the planet at a distance of 10.7 astronomical units (AU) from Jupiter's center. If Io, another moon of Jupiter, is 4.2 AU away from Jupiter's center and has an orbital period of 1.8 Earth-days, predict Ganymede's orbital period in Earth-days using Kepler's third law.

a)

7.320

b)
3.1415
c)
9.876
d)
5.9366
5.

A 2.00-kg block is attached to a spring, allowing it to move horizontally on a frictionless surface. The spring has a force constant of 196 N/m. If the block is released from a position 0.05 m away from the equilibrium position, determine the frequency (f)f the resulting oscillations in the spring-mass system.

a)

f≈1.45Hz

b)

f≈1.12Hz

c)

f≈2.14Hz

d)

f≈1.58Hz

6.

A 1.5 kg block is attached to a spring with a force constant of 250 N/m. The block is displaced from its equilibrium position by 0.08 m and released. Calculate the angular frequency (ω) of the resulting oscillations in the spring-mass system.

a)

ω≈15.24rad/s

b)

ω≈12.92rad/s

c)

ω≈43.12rad/s

d)

ω≈17.23rad/s

7.

A 2.5 kg block is connected to a spring with a force constant of 180 N/m. If the block is displaced by 0.1 m from its equilibrium position and released, find the period (T) of the resulting oscillations.

a)

0.74s

b)

0.31s

c)

2.51s

d)

1.25s

8.

A student conducts a physics experiment using a simple pendulum with a length of 50.0 cm. The measured frequency of oscillation is 1.20 Hz. Calculate the gravitational acceleration at the location of the experiment.

a)
5.00 m/s²
b)
1.20 m/s²
c)
15.00 m/s²
d)
9.81 m/s²
9.

A block with a mass of 1.5 kg is attached to a spring with a force constant of 250 N/m. If the block is displaced by 0.08 m from its equilibrium position and released, what is the angular frequency (ω) of the resulting oscillations in the spring-mass system?

a)

12.92 rad/s

b)

2.50 rad/s

c)

125.00 rad/s

d)

0.08 rad/s

10.

Comet Celestia has an elliptical orbit around the sun, with a perihelion distance of 1.2 × 10^8 km and an aphelion distance of 6.5 × 10^9 km. Calculate the length of the semi-major axis of Comet Celestia's orbit.

a)

4.5 × 10^9 km

b)

2.8 × 10^9 km

c)

7.2 × 10^9 km

d)

3.31 × 10^9 km

11.

A scientist uses a simple pendulum with a length of 30.0 cm to measure gravitational acceleration. The observed frequency is 1.50 Hz. Determine the gravitational acceleration at the location of the experiment.

a)

9.79 m/s²

b)

9.81 m/s²

c)

9.69 m/s²

d)

9.17 m/s²

12.

Determine the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Earth (mass=5.97×1024 kg) on the Moon (mass=7.35×1022 kg) when the distance between them is 3.84×108 m.

a)
1.982 × 10^22 N
b)
1.982 × 10^21 N
c)
1.982 × 10^19 N
d)
1.982 × 10^20 N
13.

Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Jupiter (mass =1.90×1027 kg) on one of its moons (mass =1.80×1022 kg) when the distance between them is 6.20×108 m.

a)

6.12×1036N

b)

5.23×1036N

c)

4.31×1036N

d)

7.92×1036N

14.

Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Sun (mass =1.99×1030 kg) on Mercury (mass =3.30×1023 kg) when the distance between them is 5.80×1010 m.

a)

1.30×1041N

b)

4.21×1041N

c)

2.34×1041N

d)

3.67×1041N

15.

A person with a mass of 55 kg weighs 540 N on Earth. Calculate the weight of the person at the surface of the Moon with mass =7.35×1022 kg and radius=1.74×106 m.

a)

7.22×1024N

b)

8.21×1024N

c)

9.14×1024N

d)

6.78×1024N

16.

A satellite in Earth's orbit has a mass of 1500kg and experiences a gravitational force of 1200N. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity at the satellite's location.

a)
0.5 m/s^2
b)
1.2 m/s^2
c)
2.0 m/s^2
d)
0.8 m/s^2
17.

A spaceship with a mass of 2×104kg is located at a distance of 3×105m from a planet with a mass of 5×1025 kg. Calculate the gravitational force experienced by the spaceship.

a)

7.41×1014N

b)

7.54×1014N

c)

7.67×1014N

d)

7.87×1014N

18.

The gravitational acceleration on a planet is 28.995m/s2. If its mean radius is 25,362km, what is the mass of this planet?

a)

1.32×1023kg

b)

7.34×1023kg

c)

9.61×1023kg

d)

8.63×1023kg

19.

On a distant moon, the gravitational acceleration is measured to be 6.0m/s2. If the mean radius of the moon is 8,500 km, calculate the mass of the moon.

a)
7.35 × 10^22 kg
b)
9.0 × 10^22 kg
c)

8.5 × 10^24 kg

d)

6.50 × 10^24 kg

20.

If a distant asteroid has a gravitational acceleration of 3.5m/s2 and a mean radius of 4,000km, what is the mass of the asteroid?

a)

8.4x10^23 kg

b)

1.2x10^24 kg

c)

5.6x10^23 kg

d)

2.1x10^23 kg

21.

On a fictional planet, the gravitational acceleration is found to be 10.0m/s2. If the mean radius of this planet is 12,000km, determine the mass of the fictional planet.

a)

2.16×1025 kg

b)

3.15×1025 kg

c)

2.34×1025 kg

d)

3.41×1025 kg

22.

If a small moon has a gravitational acceleration of 4.5m/s2 and a mean radius of 6,500km, calculate the mass of the moon.

a)

1.34×1024 kg

b)

3.56×1024 kg

c)

2.85×1024 kg

d)

4.67×1024 kg

23.

For 10 points: Calculate the gravitational field strength and the gravitational potential energy of a 0.0032kg point mass at the Earth’s surface if the mass of the Earth is 5.97×10^24kg and its mean radius is 6.37×10^6m.

a)

8.82m/s2
U = −2.34×1015J

b)

g = 9.82m/s2
U = −1.68×1015J

c)

8.89m/s2
U = −3.12×1015J

d)

7.82m/s2
U = −4.12×1015J

24.

A 0.5kg mass is attached to a spring with a force constant of 80N/m. If the mass is displaced 0.2m from its equilibrium position and released, calculate the frequency (f) of the resulting oscillations in the spring-mass system.

a)
0.5 Hz
b)
2.01 Hz
c)
40 Hz
d)
10 Hz
25.

A 1.5kg mass is connected to a spring with a force constant of 100N/m. Determine the frequency (f) of oscillations when the mass is displaced 0.1 m0.1m from its equilibrium position and released.

a)
1.302 Hz
b)
0.326 Hz
c)
2.604 Hz
d)
0.652 Hz
26.

A simple harmonic oscillator has a frequency of 3.0Hz. Calculate the period (T) of oscillation for this system.

a)
0.5
b)
0.333
c)
1.5
d)
0.25
27.

A mass-spring system oscillates with a frequency of 2.5Hz. Determine the period (T) of oscillation for this system.

a)
0.2
b)
5
c)
2
d)
0.4
28.

An object undergoes simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 4.0Hz. Calculate the period (T) of this oscillation.

a)
0.5
b)
2.0
c)
8.0
d)
0.25
29.

A pendulum has a frequency of 0.8Hz. Calculate the period (T) of the pendulum's oscillation.

a)
1.25 seconds
b)
0.8 minutes
c)
0.8 seconds
d)
0.8 milliseconds
30.

A vibrating string produces a sound wave with a frequency of 440Hz. Determine the period (T) of the vibration.

a)
0.0227 seconds
b)
0.227 seconds
c)
0.00227 seconds
d)
0.000227 seconds
31.

A spring-mass system oscillates with a period of 0.6s. Calculate the frequency (f) of the oscillation.

a)
0.6 Hz
b)
2.5 Hz
c)
1.67 Hz
d)
4.2 Hz