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Radiation Biology Section 4

Total questions: 44

Worksheet time: 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In what year did the explosion at Chernobyl occur?
a)
1980
b)
1981
c)
1982
d)
1986
2.
Which reactor blew up?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
3.
What is the SI unit for measuring radioactivity
a)
curie
b)
becquerel
c)
Gray
d)
Sievert
4.
Most early effects of radiation are considered
a)
deterministic
b)
probablistic
5.
In general do deterministic effects like erythema and ARS exhibit a threshold or non-threshold response?
a)
threshold
b)
non-threshold
6.
What is the name given to the concept describing the fact that as radiation dose increases, the average time between expsoure and death decreases?
a)

mean survival time

b)
manifest dose
c)
threshold dose
d)
reactivity dose
7.
What does LD 50/30 stand for?
a)

Lethal dose to 30 percent in 50 days

b)

Lethal dose in 20 days to 30 people

c)

Lethal dose to 50 percent in 30 days

d)

Lethal dose in 50 days to 30 percent

8.
What is the period of the acute radiation syndrome where the patient appears to is free from visible effects of radiation?
a)
manifest illness
b)
recovery
c)
prodromal
d)
latent
9.
The maximum reported dose that a human has survived is----?
a)
6 Gy
b)
8.5 Gy
c)
10 Gy
d)
4 Gy
10.
The hematologic syndrome occurs with radiation doses in what range?
a)

2-5 Gy

b)
1-5 Gy
c)

2-10 Gy

d)
50 Gy-100 Gy
11.
A minimum dose of _________ will produce an overall decrease in blood cell counts?
a)
100 mGy
b)
3 Gy
c)
0.25 Gy
d)
20 Gy
12.
What is the name of the stem cell that nearly all cells of the hematopoetic system develop from called?
a)
manifest cell
b)
somatic cell
c)

multipotential cell

d)
precursor cell
13.
The study of the genetics of cells and cell chromosomes is called what?
a)
cytokinesis
b)
cytogenetics
c)
karyotype
d)
gametogenesis
14.
The period of the acute radiation syndrome where the patient has the first initial acute clinical symptoms is called what?
a)
manifest illness
b)
recovery
c)
prodromal
d)
latent
15.
The CNS Syndrome occurs with radiation doses in what range?
a)
2-10 Gy
b)
1-5 Gy
c)
2-10Gy
d)
50 Gy and up
16.
Damage to what system of the body causes the hematologic syndrome to occur?
a)
GI tract
b)

blood forming cells

c)
CNS
d)
mucosa of stomach
17.

What is the LD 100 for humans?

a)
6 Gy
b)
8.5 Gy
c)
10 Gy
d)
4 Gy
18.
Damage to what part of the skin causes most of the early manifestations of radiation damage to the skin?
a)
subcutaneous
b)
dermis
c)
epidermis
d)
surface
19.

The basal cells are located in what layer of the skin?

a)
subcutaneous
b)
dermis
c)
epidermis
d)
surface
20.
Ulceration and denudation of the skin is called what?
a)
desquamation
b)
telangiectasia
c)
pruritus
d)
slipping
21.

An early measure of the amount of radiation received by an individual that was used to establish some radiation protection guidelines is called what? It is described as the amount of dose that it took to causes reddening of the skin?

a)
skin necrosis
b)
skin erythema dose
c)
desquamation
d)
Gray
22.
The two most radiosensitive cells of the body are what?
a)

lymphocytes, spermatagonia

b)

erythroblasts, sperm

c)

basal cells, myelocytes

d)
nerve and muscle
23.
A map of chromosomes produced by taking a picture of the human cell at metaphase and pairing them with their sister chromosome is called what?
a)
screen shot
b)
cytoimaging
c)
karyotype
d)
gametogenesis
24.
A chromosome fragment with no centromere is called what?
a)
dicentric
b)
ring
c)
acentric
d)
inversion
25.
A chromosome aberration that has two centromeres is called what?
a)
dicentric
b)
ring
c)
acentric
d)
inversion
26.
Acute radiation lethality follows what type of dose response relationship?
a)
linear threshold
b)
linear non-threshold
c)
non-linear threshold
d)
non-linear non-threshold
27.

A chromosome aberration where the arms of the chromosome break off and the remaining segments attach to each other is called a ___________ mutation?

a)
dicentric
b)
ring
c)
acentric
d)
inversion
28.
Minimum dose to cause erythema.
a)
1 Gy
b)
2 Gy
c)
3 Gy
d)
4 Gy
29.
What is the name of the two break effect that occurs when two chromosomes exchange segments?
a)
dicentric
b)
ring
c)
acentric
d)
translocation
30.
What type of voltage is used in Radiation Therapy
a)
Orthovoltage
b)
megavoltage
c)
grenz rays
d)
alpha particles
31.

During which phase of mitosis is radiation damage analyzed?

a)
anaphase
b)
prophase
c)
metaphase
d)
telophase
32.

Which blood cell produced by the multipotential cell is involved in clotting?

a)
lymphocytes
b)
erythrocytes
c)
granulocytes
d)
thrombocytes
33.
Which blood cells are scavenger cells that fight bacteria?
a)
lymphocytes
b)
erythrocytes
c)
granulocytes
d)
thrombocytes
34.

Put the following cells in order from the least radiosensitive to the most radiosensitive? 1 Megakaryocytes 2 Lymphocyte 3 Erythroblast 4 Myelocyte

a)
1, 4, 3, 2
b)
4, 3, 2, 1
c)
1, 2, 3, 4
d)
2, 3, 1, 4
35.
Minimum dose to cause epilation?
a)
1 Gy
b)
2 Gy
c)
3 Gy
d)
4 Gy
36.
Minimum dose for temporary /permanent sterility in males and females
a)
2Gy / 4Gy
b)
2 Gy / 5 Gy
c)
3 Gy / 5 Gy
d)
3 Gy / 7 gy
37.
Most sensitive cell in female cycle
a)
oogonia
b)
ovum
c)
oocyte
d)
ovararium
38.
Most senstivie cell in male cycle
a)
sperm
b)
spermatagonia
c)
spermatid
d)
spermatocyte
39.

What dose can cause a delay in menstruation or a decrease in sperm count?

a)
1 Gy
b)
100 mGy
c)
10 mGy
d)
2 Gy
40.
What is the clinical tolerance for radiation therapy?
a)
erythema
b)
dry desquamation
c)
moist desquamation
d)
necrosis
41.

Which of the following terms describes the breakage of the backbone of the long-chain macromolecule following radiation exposure?

a)

cross-linking

b)

main chain scission

c)

point lesion

42.

  • When radiation disrupts single chemical bonds, it can change the molecule and cause it to malfunction. This is termed a __________________.

  •  At low radiation doses, this type of damage is considered to be the cellular radiation damage which can results in the late radiation effects (stochastic effects) observed at the whole body level. 

a)

point lesion (mutation)

b)

cross linking

c)

main chain scission

43.

An uncharged molecule containing a single unpaired electron in its outer shell is called a ______________ and can transfer damage to the DNA.

a)

Proton

b)

quirk

c)

free radical

d)

neutron

44.

A substance that can be produced by free radicals that is deadly to the cell is which of the following?

a)

Hydrogen Peroxide

b)

Amino Acids

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Oxygen

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